Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Integrated conversion of marine polystyrene and Traditional Chinese Medicine through pressurized Co-Pyrolysis: Synergistic impact on product yields","authors":"Rizwan Akbar,&nbsp;Ningbo Gao,&nbsp;Cui Quan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global energy demand is primarily met by fossil fuels, which significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. To address these challenges, plastic waste can be converted into value-added products; however, pyrolysis of plastic alone typically yields low-quality oil. This study focuses on valorizing marine polystyrene (PS) and traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) to provide an integrated solution for renewable energy production and waste management. Here, the pyrolysis of mixtures of polystyrene and lignocellulosic Chinese medicine waste was investigated at 500–800 °C and 0.1–2 MPa in a fixed-bed reactor using cobalt–molybdenum-loaded zeolite catalysts. The results show high oil quality and energy content at 600-700 °C under 1.0–1.5 MPa, with the 1:3 biomass-to-plastic ratio achieving the highest value of 43.84 MJ kg⁻¹ and a corresponding BTEX yield of 45.3%. The synergistic effect of cobalt and molybdenum on the zeolite enhanced aromatization and hydrogen transfer reactions while simultaneously suppressing char formation. This work presents an integrated assessment of pressurized catalytic co-pyrolysis of marine PS and TCMR over Co-Mo/ZSM-5, demonstrating an efficient route for converting heterogeneous waste into value-added products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138611"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design of Core-Shell ZSM-5@Beta zeolite for selective production of C8–C15 aromatics toward sustainable aviation fuel precursors","authors":"Zihang Wang ,&nbsp;Xing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujing Wu ,&nbsp;Jinliang Yan ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Li ,&nbsp;Peng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zeolite catalysis plays a crucial role in the synthesis of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Currently, the conversion of biomass into jet fuel components faces dual challenges: a broad carbon number distribution of products and rapid catalyst deactivation. Conventional ZSM-5, limited by its single pore structure and non-uniform acid site distribution, struggles to balance reaction activity and stability. To address this, this study proposes three strategies for the synergistic modulation of structure and acidity, achieving multi-level structural optimization of ZSM-5 through hydrothermal recrystallization, citric acid modification, and Beta zeolite coating. Recrystallization promotes the migration of framework aluminum and enhances crystallinity, optimizing the Brønsted/Lewis acid ratio. Moderate citric acid modification enables surface dealumination and acid site reconstruction, expanding the pore structure and improving diffusion performance. Coating with a Beta shell via a sol–gel method constructs a core–shell system with hierarchical pores and gradient acidity. In the alkylation of benzene with olefins to produce C8–C15 aromatics, all three types of catalysts exhibited excellent performance. Specifically, N-ZSM-5_RC36h, N-ZSM-5(2.0 M), and Z5@B3 achieved benzene conversions of 43.6%, 40.3%, and 45.0%, and C8–C15 aromatic selectivities of 86.4%, 85.3%, and 91.0%, respectively. The results demonstrate that precise regulation of the Brønsted/Lewis acid ratio, combined with the synergistic effect of hierarchical pore structures, significantly enhances both reaction activity and product selectivity. This study highlights the critical role of multi-level structural control in optimizing acid site matching and mass transfer, providing new catalyst design insights for the targeted synthesis of efficient SAF precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138629"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of atomization characteristics of hydrophilic SiO2 nanofluid on fine coal dust suppression performance","authors":"Fanbo Jin ,&nbsp;Shihang Li ,&nbsp;Kunkun Tu ,&nbsp;Shuda Hu ,&nbsp;Zijie Li ,&nbsp;Hui Cheng ,&nbsp;Haonan Luo ,&nbsp;Daolong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal dust poses serious threats to both coal mine safety and production, as well as miners’ occupational health. To address the challenge of suppressing fine coal dust, this study investigates the atomization characteristics of nanofluids and their effectiveness in removing fine coal dust particles. Herein, a spray dust suppression method using hydrophilic SiO₂ nanofluid is proposed. Results show that, compared with deionized water, the addition of hydrophilic SiO₂ nanofluid significantly enhances the wettability by 44.21% and reduces surface tension by 51.20%. Spraying with 1.0 wt% SiO₂ nanofluid generates finer, more uniform droplets, with a Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of only 18.53 μm. This concentration achieves 60.5% dust suppression efficiency for 10 μm coal dust particles and 78.2% cleanliness level for the dust capture device. Considering comprehensively the performance parameters of surface tension, viscosity, contact angle, and droplet size, this concentration is identified as the optimal one for hydrophilic SiO₂ nanofluid-based dust suppression. Its superior dust suppression performance stems from generating more fine droplets during spraying, which increases droplet adhesion and the probability of coal dust capture, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of dust reduction. These findings validate the wettability and dust suppression potential of hydrophilic SiO₂ nanofluids, experimentally supporting the application of nanofluids in coal mine dust suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138544"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated mechanism of arsenic retention by carbon structure and lattice oxygen during temperature-driven Shenmu coal gasification with sewage sludge addition","authors":"Yujia Du ,&nbsp;Shugang Guo ,&nbsp;Hugang Li ,&nbsp;Yuhong Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liu ,&nbsp;Tingrui Shi ,&nbsp;Haofei Li ,&nbsp;Wanyao Li ,&nbsp;Qizhi Guo ,&nbsp;Yuexing Wei ,&nbsp;Chong He ,&nbsp;Stanislav V. Vassilev","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling arsenic (As) release during Shenmu coal (SM) gasification and sewage sludge (SS) co-gasification is crucial. The evolutionary mechanisms of As retention induced by carbon structure derivation and lattice oxygen were revealed through analysis of arsenic concentration and chemical forms in co-gasified residues under CO₂ atmosphere at 800–1000 °C. The results indicated that the retention rate of As remained at 62.09%–66.43%, and the fraction of As(V) with less toxicity increased from 91.40% to 98.15% with the increment of gasification temperature. The pathway of As retention at 800–950 °C was primarily influenced by residual carbon via pore adsorption, carbon defect sites, and functional groups. In contrast, Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) dominated the retention process at 1000 °C. Moreover, FTIR coupled with 2D COS identified C=O as key for As(III) adsorption. Raman indicated maximal defect sites from macromolecular depolymerization at 850 °C. BET results stated pore structure played a crucial role in capturing As(III) at 900 °C. Lattice oxygen from metal oxides oxidized As(III) to As(V). Meanwhile, reducing agents (C, CO, H₂) facilitated Fe(III) reduction, promoting stable FeAsO₄ formation at 1000 °C. This temperature-dependent mechanism provides a theoretical basis for regulating As migration and informs emission reduction technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138653"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and classification of pore-fracture characteristics in oil shale after high-temperature steam pyrolysis based on machine learning","authors":"Dingwei Sun ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Lu ,&nbsp;Zhiqin Kang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Xudong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of pore-fracture networks in oil shale during high-temperature pyrolysis plays a critical role in the implementation of subsequent in-situ pyrolysis processes and in improving hydrocarbon recovery efficiency. In large-scale in-situ oil shale exploitation, spatial heterogeneity causes varying degrees of pyrolysis across different zones, resulting in distinct differences in pore-fracture evolution. This study aims to investigate the evolution patterns and network structures of internal pores and fractures in oil shale specimens subjected to high-temperature superheated steam pyrolysis under different thermal conditions, with a particular focus on simulating the structural differences between injection and production well regions within actual in-situ reservoirs. A high-temperature superheated steam system was used to simulate subsurface pyrolysis environments with varying thermal gradients. Combined with high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), the internal pore-fracture morphology of thermally treated specimens was characterized non-destructively. Specimens were categorized into six groups according to pyrolysis temperature and spatial zone, and representative volume elements (RVEs) were extracted to calculate pore-fracture structural parameters, including equivalent diameter–volume fraction curves and fractal dimension distributions. Feature vectors such as shape factor and pore size were extracted for feature importance and correlation analysis, enabling optimal feature selection and the construction of a refined feature set. Statistically representative pore-fracture data from each region were selected to train multiple machine learning classifiers and build high-accuracy models for regional pore-fracture identification. The results demonstrate that high-temperature steam pyrolysis significantly increases the complexity and fractal dimension of pore-fracture structures, with pronounced differences observed between injection and production zones. Parameters such as volume, equivalent diameter, and area fraction are critical for classification. Among various machine learning methods tested, decision tree and random forest classifiers achieved the highest accuracies of 88.54% and 83.45%, respectively. Furthermore, classification performance was superior in zones proximal to the heat source, highlighting the substantial impact of thermal pyrolysis on pore structure evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138661"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand barrier effect on n-heptane continuous spill fires: an investigation based on fuel evaporation analysis","authors":"Hanchao Ma ,&nbsp;Hong Huang ,&nbsp;Benedetta Anna De Liso ,&nbsp;Ernesto Salzano ,&nbsp;Xu Zhai ,&nbsp;Jinlong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sand is subject to various national standards for storage in chemical parks and energy storage companies, and it is widely recognized as an effective measure for preventing and controlling accidental spill fires. This study investigates the propagation process of spill fires on sand barriers through experimental tests and evaporation analysis. The findings from these experiments reveal two distinct phenomena. In scenarios involving thin, fine-grained sand layers, both the flame and the fuel<!--> <!-->seep through the sand layer simultaneously (Type I). In cases with thicker, coarser sand layers, the flame is blocked by the sand while un-ignited fuel gradually flows out (Type II). The difference in blocking effects is primarily governed by the fuel preheating duration. When the preheating duration is shorter than the seepage duration (time for fuel to penetrate the sand layer), Type I occurs. Conversely, Type II emerges when the preheating duration exceeds the seepage duration. Temperature<!--> <!-->data<!--> <!-->in the sand layer confirms that the preheating process is mainly driven by flame radiation. To further investigate the characteristics of the preheating duration with various sand layer configurations, a numerical model was developed to predict the evaporation rate during the preheating process. It was found that the distance between the fuel level and the sand layer surface, as well as the thickness of the sand layer, are positively correlated with the preheating duration. In contrast, the grain size is negatively correlated with the preheating duration. Among these factors, the distance between the fuel level and the top of the sand layer plays the predominant role in controlling the preheating process. By comparing the experimental seepage duration with the simulated preheating duration, the model was validated for predicting transitions between fire-blocking modes. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing sand barrier designs, mitigating thermal hazards, and refining industrial safety standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138638"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up the production of carbon dots and their application as markers in fuel ethanol","authors":"Rafael Barbosa de Rezende ,&nbsp;Gabriela Fernandes Barreto ,&nbsp;Arthur Hegermann Ferreira ,&nbsp;Nestor Cifuentes Taborda ,&nbsp;Henrique dos Santos Oliveira ,&nbsp;João Paulo de Mesquita ,&nbsp;Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa ,&nbsp;Fabiano Vargas Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) combine unique optical and physicochemical features, such as tunable emission and high dispersibility, making them attractive for diverse applications. However, to fully realize their technological potential, the development and in-depth investigation of scalable production methods are essential. In this study, we systematically compared the properties of CDs obtained through a scalable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly heating reflux method with those synthesized via the conventional hydrothermal carbonization (HC) approach. The CDs obtained from both methods were characterized using photoluminescence, UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, and potentiometric titration. The CDs synthesized by the scalable method exhibited optical, morphological, and structural properties comparable to those from the HC method, indicating that the scalable route preserves the key features of the nanoparticles. For instance, CDs prepared by both methods presented a size distribution between 1.0 and 5.0 nm, and excitation-independent photoluminescence with strong emission centered around 440 nm when excited between 240 and 380 nm. Additionally, up to 50 g of CDs could be obtained in a single synthesis batch using the scalable method. These nanoparticles were evaluated as markers for fuel ethanol and exhibited essential features for this application, such as long-term dispersion stability and high fluorescence detectability at concentrations below 1 ppm. These characteristics make them promising tagging agents for preventing fraud in the fuel industry. Finally, the scaling-up method used here can be adapted through the use of different precursors, enabling the production of nanoparticles with varied polarities and allowing the tagging of other fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138633"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Heterogeneity in Driving Forces of Carbon Emissions from China’s Steel Industry: A Dynamic PVAR Analysis","authors":"Yongli Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Guo ,&nbsp;Chenyu Dai ,&nbsp;Qianyu Cao ,&nbsp;Fuwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to achieve China’s “double carbon” goal, the low-carbon transformation of the steel industry as a major carbon emitter is crucial. The existing research pays more attention to the national macro level, and lacks in-depth analysis of the internal dynamics and regional heterogeneity of the industry. To this end, this study constructs a panel vector autoregressive model including carbon emissions, renewable energy and carbon quotas. Based on the data of 28 provinces in China, it explores the dynamic driving mechanism of per capita carbon emissions in the steel industry. The study finds that there is a lack of effective external driving factors in the short term at the national level, but there is significant heterogeneity in provinces with different carbon emission levels: low carbon provinces show the characteristics of ’weak correlation and strong lag’; carbon emissions in medium carbon provinces have strong path dependence; high carbon provinces are characterized by a passive transformation model of “pollution first and then treatment.” The research results provide operational insights for the implementation of precise and differentiated regional carbon reduction measures, which will help accelerate the low-carbon transformation process of the steel industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138646"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the resistance and slow release characteristics of tracer materials for coal spontaneous combustion in Mined areas","authors":"Xiangming Hu ,&nbsp;Haibo Hong ,&nbsp;Yanyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Siyu Niu ,&nbsp;Biao Kong ,&nbsp;Mingyang Zou ,&nbsp;Guoqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Qiao ,&nbsp;Hao Dong ,&nbsp;Shenghe Chen ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the precision bottlenecks in locating concealed coal fires, a novel dual-network tracer material was developed by integrating a water glass/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (WG/C) composite gel with molecular sieve-immobilized heptafluorocyclopentane (F7A). Optimized via response surface methodology, the material possesses a uniform dual-network porous structure that ensures high loading efficiency and stable tracer distribution. TG-DSC and FTIR analysis demonstrated superior inhibition performance: characteristic temperatures (T₁–T_m) of treated coal were delayed by up to 29.62 °C, with a 25.64% reduction in total heat release and an 8.6% decrease in aliphatic chain intensity. Sustained-release experiments identified a precise thermal response at 65 °C, with maximum F7A release reaching 16.37 mg/g at 75 °C. Large-scale simulations further confirmed that the material significantly suppresses indicator gases (CO, C₂H₄, C₂H₆) and delays the crossing point temperature by 26 °C and 25.5 min. Field-scale validation corroborated these release patterns, confirming the material’s feasibility for precise fire source localization through targeted thermal responses in complex goaf environments. This multifunctional material integrates “monitoring, localization, and suppression,” providing a high-precision and cost-effective technical approach for the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138651"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic and deep learning-based assessment of wind-driven green hydrogen fuel production in Scandinavia","authors":"Amit Rai ,&nbsp;Jay Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen production via wind energy is critical for decarbonization, yet its viability is challenged by the spatiotemporal intermittency of wind resources. This study presents a novel techno-economic assessment framework that integrates a physics-based conversion model with advanced spatiotemporal forecasting architecture to analyze green hydrogen potential across six strategic locations in Scandinavia. An efficient dual-path deep learning architecture integrating patch-based transformers and convolutional neural networks is proposed to capture both long and short temporal dependencies and spatially localized weather conditions from 19-year hourly datasets (2005–2023). The proposed model achieved a mean squared error of 5.02 × 10⁻⁴ across all locations, a 21.31% improvement against conventional CNN-LSTM hybrid architectures, with R² values ranging from 0.9276 to 0.9544. Coastal sites show the best prediction stability, with RMSE &lt; 0.012 while inland locations exhibit higher uncertainty. Feature importance analysis identified wind speed as the most important predictor, with the coastal positioning significantly enhancing the prediction accuracy by 2.8-fold compared to inland locations. Monte Carlo simulation with region-specific sensitivity coefficients was conducted to assess LCOH, which showed Norway as the most economically competitive region (€6.47 ± 0.56 kg⁻¹), and Denmark offers superior operational stability. Sensitivity analysis confirms that capacity factor (elasticity = -0.59) outweighs CAPEX as the primary driver of economic viability. Seasonal analysis showed winter production peaks in all locations and summer minimum, a critical factor for reducing downstream hydrogen storage requirements. These findings provide a quantified basis for a differentiated regional hydrogen infrastructure, prioritizing Norway for cost-effectiveness and Denmark for grid reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138692"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}