Evaluation criteria for predicting flash point behavior of binary miscible mixtures using extreme flash point behavior indicators for fuel and safety applications

Flash point (FP) behavior of ignitable mixtures is critical in various sectors that utilize these materials, particularly when extreme FP behavior (Maximum or Minimum FP Behavior: MaxFPB or MinFPB) is observed in such mixtures. Therefore, understanding the FP behavior of binary mixtures, as the simplest building blocks of complex mixtures, is essential for enhancing safety in industry that store, transport, or process ignitable materials, as well as in fuel design. This study focuses on validating of the criteria for predicting FP behavior in binary solutions, as proposed in previous studies, utilizing Extreme Flash Point Behavior Indicators (EFPBIs). The validation of the criteria was performed using experimental FP data of 226 binary miscible mixtures reported in prior studies. The results demonstrate that EFPBIs can accurately predict the FP behavior of binary flammable mixtures. In this validation process, it was found that the sufficient condition for exhibiting MaxFPB/MinFPB can be modified to necessary and sufficient condition; moreover, the necessary condition not to show extreme FP behavior can also be modified to a necessary and sufficient condition based on the observed FP behaviors of 226 miscible mixtures. This method not only facilitates the swift and cost-effective prediction of FP behavior in unknown binary ignitable mixtures but also plays a crucial role in mitigating hazards associated with handling of flammable substances. Among the 226 validated blends, 33 were combinations of methyl/ethyl/propyl/butyl/isoamyl esters with alcohols/alkanes, and 40 were ester-to-ester mixtures. These blends are fundamental in biofuel design, and the approach in this study can support this application.