Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Numerical simulation and multi-criteria evaluation of hydrogen-enriched shaft furnace with multiple gas sources","authors":"Shaofeng Lu ,&nbsp;Zhengjian Liu ,&nbsp;Yaozu Wang ,&nbsp;Jianliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of hydrogen-enriched shaft furnace process is beneficial for the green and low-carbon transition of the iron and steel industry. This study investigates the use of a hydrogen-enriched gas coke oven gas as an alternative to natural gas in shaft furnace process. A two-dimensional numerical model based on the Euler-Euler model is developed to simulate the internal states of the shaft furnace including reduction and carburization reactions. This study examines the effects of different coke oven gas ratio on direct reduced iron quality gas utilization and carbon emissions. The results indicate that while increasing the coke oven gas ratio improves metallization degree it also leads to a reduction in carbon content. Increasing cooling gas flow rate will result in a decrease in metallization degree. Furthermore when the coke oven gas ratio exceeds 0.75 total carbon emissions are lower than those in a purely nature gas-based process. These findings offer insights into optimizing gas compositions in shaft furnaces for reducing carbon emissions and improving process efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133929"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of the effects of surface nitrogen-containing on soot formation process in ammonia/ethylene counterflow diffusion flames","authors":"Qingyang Liu,&nbsp;Haoye Liu,&nbsp;Tianyou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a modified soot kinetic model was developed to explore the potential inhibitory effects of nitrogen-containing functional groups on the soot surface growth process. In the modified soot kinetic model, the formation process of cyano functional groups on the soot surface was simulated through the reaction of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and the surface open sites, and the surface cyano functional groups were assumed to no longer participate in the subsequent hydrogen-abstraction-acetylene-addition (HACA) reaction. The prediction performance of soot volume fraction (SVF) and average particle size (D₆₃) in ammonia doping ethylene counterflow diffusion flames was compared between the traditional soot kinetic model and the modified kinetic soot model. The results show that both models reflected the suppression effects of ammonia doping on soot formation observed in the experiments. However, compared to the traditional soot kinetic model, the modified soot kinetic model exhibited better performances in predicting SVF and D₆₃ with prediction deviations reduced by 52.7 % and 2.3 nm, respectively. The simulation results showed the formation of surface cyano functional groups led to a nitrogen content of up to 0.84 % in the soot, which is consistent with previous experimental measurements. In-depth analysis shows that the formation of cyano functional groups on the soot surface decreased the proportion of hydrogen sites and further diminished the number of open sites, resulting in reductions in the rates of HACA surface growth and the soot mass growth by up to 22 % and 29 %, respectively. It is proposed that the nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of soot in ammonia-doped hydrocarbon flames inhibit the formation of soot, providing an alternative pathway to the well-known gas-phase suppression mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133906"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of selenide nanoparticle-anchored bimetallic MOF derivative NiFeSe@NiFe-MOF for application in high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Fuhuai Cao,&nbsp;Xinlong Zhang,&nbsp;Yaya Wang,&nbsp;Moran Chen,&nbsp;Xinqi Hu,&nbsp;Mengkun Zhou,&nbsp;Rongmei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of nanostructured electrode materials and the tuning of their components is one of the effective ways to improve the electrochemical properties of the materials. Here, we employed a cost-effective hydrothermal synthesis method to successfully construct NiFeSe@NiFe-MOF electrode materials with nanocoral rod-like structures. The unique coral rod-like structure provides a larger specific surface area for electron storage, exposing more electrochemical reaction active sites on the electrode surface. Through DFT theoretical calculations we found that the metallic property of NiFeSe@NiFe-MOF-2 are greatly enhanced compared with NiFe-MOF, which can lead to higher conductivity and electron transfer efficiency of the selenized material. Moreover, the introduction of selenium enhances the adsorption capacity of the material for anions in alkaline solution, which makes the structure of the MOFs more stable and obtains better electrochemical reversibility making the electrochemical performance of the electrode material in all aspects. Compared with the NiFe-MOF material, NiFeSe@NiFe-MOF-2 has excellent capacitance retention up to 81.0 % at different current densities (1 A/g-10 A/g), and the stability of the cycle performance is greatly improved up to 84.0 %. The assembled device NiFeSe@NiFe-MOF-2 // AC has excellent multiplication performance up to 92.7 % and stable electrochemical cyclability up to 99.7 %. Moreover, the energy density is 61.0 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 5060.0 W kg⁻¹. The coral rod-like NiFeSe@NiFe-MOF composites synthesized in this experiment possessed excellent charge storage capacity and stability properties. These results indicate that the electrode materials developed in this paper have good application prospects in supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133955"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and optimisation of performance and emission data of CI engine ternary blends under distinct conditions","authors":"Ganesh Chembedu,&nbsp;P.V. Manu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the significance of isoamyl alcohol (IAA) in a CI engine by blending with watermelon seed biodiesel (WSB) at preheating and varying load, injection timing (IT), and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Adaptive-Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods were employed to analyze the test results. From statistical indices data, the ANFIS models predicted more accurately. TOPSIS technique confirmed the preheated optimum ternary blend (POTB) as load-12 kg, WSB-5 %, IAA-15 %, IT-25° bTDC, and EGR-21 %. The closeness coefficient values model R² = 0.9736. In comparison to diesel, the<!--> <!-->POTB blend (WSB5IAA15) offers lower viscosity, density, CN, and heating value, with higher oxygen and latent heat of vaporization (Lv), most of which contribute to improved atomized spray and better combustion. Hence, at load-80 %, POTB to diesel results decrease BTE by 0.11 %, CO by 25 %, CO₂ by 16.39 %, NO_x by 37.08 %, and smoke by 16.16 %, while increasing BSEC by 0.40 %, and HC by 39.83 %. Further, at load-100 %, the results of POTB to diesel diminish BTE by 2.12 %, CO by 14.29 %, CO₂ by 32.89 %, NO_x by 58.12 %, and smoke by 38.13 %, while elevating BSEC by 7.57 %, and HC by 31.30 %. IAA exhibits elevated levels of oxygen, energy density, Lv, and OH active radicals, accompanied by reduced heating value and CN. IAA is crucial in lowering NO_x and smoke levels, which are difficult for WSB to control on its own. Lastly, plots are illustrated for each response parameter to dominant (EGR and WSB) concerning ternary blends and diesel data for specific conditions. Ultimately, the POTB demonstrated that it can serve as an effective diesel fuel substitute.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133823"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice tensile strain regulated by ruthenium doping in NiCoP anchoring on carbonized wood for promoting hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Wangqian Chen,&nbsp;Moyan Li,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yu,&nbsp;Huashuang Huo,&nbsp;Hewei Hou,&nbsp;Wenyao Feng,&nbsp;Guangfu Qian,&nbsp;Douyong Min","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has become increasingly urgent and imperative to develop sustainable, efficient and stable self-supporting electrodes for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, trace Ru-doped NiCoP in situ grown and anchored in carbonized wood (Ru-NiCoP/CW), exhibits an excellent HER catalytic activity. At −10 mA cm⁻², it shows an extremely low overpotential and a small Tafel slope of − 25 mV and 60 mV dec⁻¹, respectively. And it has a long-term stability of 100 h at −50 mA cm⁻². Such impressive HER performance of Ru-NiCoP/CW is mainly due to the strain effect and electronic effect induced by the in-situ growth of trace Ru-doped bimetallic phosphide NiCoP on the porous self-supporting CW carrier. This method is believed to<!--> <!-->provide a valuable reference for providing bimetallic phosphides with very low Ru content on carbonized wood electrode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133941"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gasification and degradation mechanism of metallurgical coke in CO2 and H2O using the random pore model with intraparticle diffusion","authors":"Behnaz Rahmatmand ,&nbsp;Salman Khoshk Rish ,&nbsp;Apsara Jayasekara ,&nbsp;Hannah Lomas ,&nbsp;Pramod Koshy ,&nbsp;Lauren North ,&nbsp;Arash Tahmasebi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduction of CO₂ emissions from blast furnace operations is critical to meet decarbonisation targets in the steelmaking sector. Introducing hydrogen gas into the blast furnace displacing pulverised coal or coke is a promising solution to decrease the carbon usage of blast furnace ironmaking because it generates H₂O instead of CO₂ by reducing the ferrous burden. However, replacing pulverised coal and coke with hydrogen can increase the concentration of H₂O and change the thermal and chemical conditions in the furnace. These changes impact the gasification reaction rate and degradation mechanism of coke. In this research, a modified Random Pore Model (RPM) incorporating the processes of internal diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction was developed to investigate the rate and mechanism of coke lump gasification under conditions relevant to conventional and H₂-enriched blast furnace conditions. High-temperature thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the gasification of coke lumps with coke reactivity index (CRI) values of 39.5 and 25.3. These experiments were conducted isothermally at temperatures between 1173 K to 1473 K. The results showed that both the diffusion coefficient of the reacting gas and the reaction rate increase with temperature, but these two factors compete to dominate the reaction mechanism. At higher temperatures, the enhanced local carbon reactivity improved conversion near the outer surface of coke lumps. Coke gasification with H₂O showed reaction rate constants and effective diffusion coefficients up to 4.7 and 6 times higher, respectively, compared to CO₂. Moreover, carbon conversion across the coke lump was more uniform during gasification with CO₂ compared with H₂O, indicating gasification with CO₂ is a chemically controlled process across the temperature range investigated. However, gas diffusion was the dominant mechanism in coke gasification with H₂O due to its higher local chemical reaction rate, leading to enhanced carbon conversion near the surface of the lumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133859"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under-water “Superaerophobic” interface phosphorus-induced CoFe-LDH decorated wood-based porous carbon: An advanced alkaline bifunctional electrode for high-performance overall water splitting","authors":"Mengliang Hu ,&nbsp;Qingyao Yang ,&nbsp;Shuhui Yu ,&nbsp;Rumeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhinan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanpeng Qian ,&nbsp;Liping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overall water splitting represents a green and sustainable technology to converting renewable energy sources into green hydrogen. The preparation of electrodes with superaerophobic properties can enhance the electrocatalytic performance by accelerating the gas escape process. Herein, a novel P-induced doping CoFe-layered double hydroxide decorated carbonized wood (P-CoFe-LDH/CW) electrode with superaerophobic characteristic was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal and phosphorization method. In particular, the successful induction doping of P on CoFe-LDH optimizes the adsorption energy of H_ads. Interestingly, the P-CoFe-LDH/CW electrode constructs a three-phase interface structure with supergasphobic properties, thus facilitating the entire catalytic process by accelerating bubble escape. At a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², the P-CoFe-LDH/CW electrode demonstrated low overpotential for both hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions in an alkaline electrolyte. Additionally, the P-CoFe-LDH/CW acted as both cathode and anode to facilitate efficient water splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.498 V to attain 10  mA cm⁻². These findings suggest that utilizing wood-derived carbon matrix and CoFe-LDH-based catalysts could lead to new developments in this field. These findings suggest that green, renewable, and low-cost wood-derived carbon electrodes provide a justification for overall water splitting bifunctional electrodes, and facilitate energy-efficient industrial-grade hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133804"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial migration–diffusion and oil displacement mechanism of middle-phase microemulsion","authors":"Lihui Wang,&nbsp;Wei Yan,&nbsp;Yu Fan,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Ruibo Cao,&nbsp;Qian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the phase transition mechanism of surfactant-emulsified crude oil and the oil displacement mechanism of microemulsions remains relatively scarce. In this study, phase behavior experiments were conducted using three surfactant complex systems with crude oil. Gas chromatography was employed to quantitatively characterize the changes in the carbon components of the solution during the phase transition. The oil displacement mechanism of the microemulsions was determined based on oil displacement visualization images within a microfluidic chip. The results showed that the optimal complex electrolyte concentrations for forming middle-phase microemulsions were 1.70% for the fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ether sulfate (AES) and long-chain alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) complex system, 1.40% for the emulsifier/petroleum sulfonate complex system, and 1.90% for interfacially obstructive surfactants. When oil–water ratios of 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, and 6:4 were tested, the optimal complex electrolyte concentrations for forming middle-phase microemulsions decreased with increasing oil content, narrowing the range of optimal concentrations. The solubilization range of the AES/ABS complex system was C₉–C₁₅, with a solubilization ratio of 22.67%. For the emulsifier/petroleum sulfonate complex system, the solubilization range was C₁₀–C₁₇, with a solubilization ratio of 6.27%. The solubilization range of the interfacially obstructive surfactants was C₁₀–C₁₈, with a solubilization ratio of 11.02%. Based on the dynamic oil displacement images collected within the microfluidic chip, the oil displacement mechanism of the microemulsions was determined as emulsification into small droplets and stripping, trapping, and activation of oil droplets that aggregate and migrate as oil bands. This study innovatively quantified the internal carbon components of middle-phase microemulsions, clarified the target carbon component ranges for solubilization by different surfactants, and revealed the migration–diffusion theory of phase transition in middle-phase microemulsions at the microscopic scale, filling a gap in theoretical research at the microscale. The findings of this study provide technical guidance and theoretical support for the large-scale field applications of surfactant complex systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133923"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion of micron-sized iron particles in a drop tube reactor","authors":"Ruru Chen ,&nbsp;Leon C. Thijs ,&nbsp;Brian Brun Hansen ,&nbsp;Weigang Lin ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Peter Glarborg ,&nbsp;Aki Fujinawa ,&nbsp;Xiaocheng Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combustion of micron-sized particles of iron, a promising renewable alternative to fossil fuels, was investigated in a drop tube reactor (DTR) under overall lean conditions. A bimodal particle size distribution was observed after combustion: black micron-sized particles consisting of a mixture of iron oxides, with oxidation degrees ranging from 60% to 90%, and reddish fine particles of Fe<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. The oxidation degree of the products showed no obvious variation with the reactor temperature. The coarse product particles were comparable in size with those of the raw iron particles, independent of temperature. The evaporation of iron represented a mass loss of 1%–2%. The primary nm-sized particles agglomerated to form aggregates of the order of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. A simplified model for the combustion was used to analyze the results. It was based on the Particle Equilibrium Composition approach by van Gool et al. (Appl Energy Combust Sci 2023;13:100115) that assumes the oxidation from Fe to FeO to be limited by external diffusion and further oxidation by thermodynamic equilibrium. The model predicted larger oxidation degrees than observed experimentally. The difference was believed to be due mainly to stratification in the drop tube reactor, resulting in local fuel-rich conditions. The small impact of reactor temperature on the final oxidation stage indicated that diffusion limitations, rather than kinetic barriers, were rate controlling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133814"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable production of cyclohexanones through hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolics over PdFe/HZSM-5 catalysts","authors":"Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Xun Kuang,&nbsp;Linyu Zhu,&nbsp;Xintong Xiao,&nbsp;Zhongyue Zhou,&nbsp;Fei Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the crucial roles of cyclohexanones across various industrial sectors, notably in the production of nylon and plastics, their conventional production heavily relies on fossil resources. The exploration of highly efficient routes to convert renewable biomass into cyclohexanones holds promise for advancing sustainable chemical processes, especially with the growing concerns in energy and the environment. Herein, we report the direct conversion of lignin-derived phenolic compounds to cyclohexanones through hydrodeoxygenation using PdFe/HZSM-5 catalysts. The successful achieved conversion of guaiacol was up to 97.27%, with a greatest selectivity of 90.59% to cyclohexanone on PdFe1.5/HZSM-5. Characterization of the catalysts further revealed that bimetallic catalyst promoted the dispersion of PdFe on HZSM-5 and facilitated the interactions between PdFe because of electron transfer, which collectively facilitated surprising outcomes. This work offers a promising strategy for improving lignin valorization within the context of producing sustainable chemicals and industrial materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 133863"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}