Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic investigation of CO2-foam stability: implications to CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery","authors":"Shubham Prakash,&nbsp;Srasti Singh,&nbsp;Ajay Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating excessive CO₂ emissions is a significant challenge for avoiding global climate change, thereby directing researchers towards effective methods for CO₂ utilisation and sequestration. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of CO₂ foams stabilised with surfactants, polymers, and nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO₂ storage in depleted reservoirs or saline aquifers. The combined use of surfactants, namely alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS, anionic) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB, zwitterionic), polymers (polyethene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, and partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide), and nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ and ZnO) shows pronounced synergistic effects on CO₂ foam properties and performance. The half-life of CO₂ foam stabilised by an AOS + CAPB blend increased from 460 s to 522 s with the addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, which adsorb at the gas–liquid interface, forming a rigid barrier that prevents coalescence and film thinning. Polymer further enhances the stability by slowing down water drainage in the foam lamellae through the formation of interfacial and bulk surfactant-polymer complexes. The results highlight strong synergistic enhancements in AOS–CAPB–Al₂O₃–PHPA composite formulations, resulting in remarkably stable foams with smaller, uniform bubbles, a significantly reduced coarsening rate, and superior interfacial viscoelastic properties. Conversely, the presence of oil above 5% by volume led to rapid foam destabilisation due to its antifoaming properties, resulting in foam rupture and rapid bubble coalescence. The outcome of the studies will be useful in designing and implementing CO₂-EOR and CO₂ sequestration projects in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 138713"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoelectric conversion of methane-air combustion based on the efficient radiation of porous media","authors":"Huaming Dai,&nbsp;Lei Luo,&nbsp;Zhuang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric generator promotes the energy utilization of porous media combustion in the production of syngas. To make the application more convenient, a non-contact combustion thermal radiation device was proposed. And the radiant element as an intermediate media efficiently transferred the combustion heat to the TEG. The effects of filling materials, local free space, and inlet fuel conditions were investigated on the combustion and output power. The results indicated that the T8 position obtained a power increase of 12 % compared to the T7 due to the radiation effect. When filled with 10 mm alumina pellets, more uniform combustion temperature distribution resulted in the highest hydrogen mole fraction (11.1 %) and methane conversion efficiency (89 %). And the ceramic foam obtained the highest power (270 mW) owing to its larger thermal emissivity. With the radiation element of tungsten, the energy conversion efficiency reached the highest value of 47 %. And the power increased by 70 % when the local free space was at the edge. Moreover, the inlet velocity greatly influenced the TEG power with a 105 % increase at the velocity of 16 cm/s. These results provide the reference for a more convenient utilization of combustion heat and the clean energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 138634"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on Lewis acid functionalized electrocatalysts for water splitting","authors":"Baghendra Singh,&nbsp;Rohit Singh ,&nbsp;Amrendra Singh ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi Varshney ,&nbsp;Apparao Draksharapu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical water splitting has been demonstrated as one of the main routes for sustainable energy conversion. Despite the enormous progress made in this field, reactions occurring in the electrocatalytic water splitting process are very complex and multi-step, resulting in a significant challenge in catalyst design to get optimum activity and long-life. According to literature studies, a number of electrocatalysts have demonstrated excellent efficiency in water splitting processes. It is noteworthy that electronic features of catalysts have significant impact on their reactivity, kinetics, and stability. In this respect, introducing Lewis acid sites into electrocatalysts represents an effective strategy to alter the electronic architectures of the active centers, which affects the reactivity and the stability. Lewis acids have many roles to play, such as creating a local environment favorable for the reaction, avoiding side reactions by preventing adsorption of the undesired species, and supporting the stabilization of intermediates during the catalytic cycle. Recent years’ research has been marked by major breakthroughs in the design and engineering of catalysts with Lewis acid functionalities to improve reactivity and stability for water splitting. However, a thorough and systematic overview that encompasses the basic principles, the mechanistic insights, and recent developments in this area has not yet been compiled. We present here a comprehensive review of the basic fundamentals, mechanistic insights, and recent innovations in Lewis acid-engineered electrocatalysts for water splitting, emphasizing their potential as a game-changing approach to cope with the energy conversion challenges that are becoming increasingly pressing. Literature reported Lewis acid modified electrocatalysts have been systematically reviewed focusing on the effect of Lewis acid introduction on the structure, property, and performance of the electrocatalysts. Additionally, future perspectives and current challenges have also been described at the end of this review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 138691"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin particles morphology: A neglected factor in cellulase hydrolysis","authors":"Nianjie Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of lignin in biomass significantly reduces the efficiency of sugar platform production through enzymatic hydrolysis. Current research mainly focuses on the interactions based on chemical structures of lignin, while the influence of its particle morphology has been largely overlooked. In this study, two lignin fractions (F1 and F2) were obtained by fractionation with ethyl acetate and petroleum ether in sequence and subsequently employed to evaluate their inhibitory effects on the cellulase hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. The results showed that lignin F2 had rigid molecular chain and appeared as large particles (33.36 nm for ALF2 and 46.58 nm for MWLF2). Based on molecular rigidity, lignin F2 particles exhibited a looser packing structure under electrostatic interactions, which was associated with the higher phenolic hydroxyl groups content exposed on the surface of the particles. This special structure enhanced the non-productive adsorption of cellulase, resulting in a 12 %–15 % reduction in the hydrolysis yield after 72 h. In short, the morphology of lignin particles was proposed for the first time as a critical factor affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Although the current morphological model is not comprehensive enough, it provides a new insight for the study of the interactions between lignin and cellulase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 138673"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-assisted thermodynamic modeling for phase behavior of shale oil-CO2 systems","authors":"Yilei Song ,&nbsp;Yahao Jing ,&nbsp;Zhaojie Song ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Liu ,&nbsp;Minchen Chen ,&nbsp;Jijin Shou ,&nbsp;Xinbo Wang ,&nbsp;Shouceng Tian ,&nbsp;Zhangxin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid computation of fluid phase behavior parameters is crucial to enhance shale oil recovery and carbon sequestration via CO₂ injection. Nevertheless, the tripartite interactions among nanopores, CO₂, and oil introduce complexities that pose significant challenges to swift phase equilibrium calculations. To address this challenge, we develop a deep learning-assisted thermodynamic model designed for universal phase behavior analysis and expedite computation of phase parameters across diverse reservoir conditions and oil-CO₂ mixtures. The model’s parameter prediction consists of two modules: (1) a saturation pressure calculation module for the identification of two-phase regions, and (2) a two-phase behavior calculation module that integrates a physics-informed neural network (PINN) with a nano-confinement-modified equation of state. By employing PINN-predicted equilibrium ratios to initialize iteration algorithms, the model achieves rapid computation of various phase parameters with ensured accuracy, significantly reducing. iteration steps by two orders of magnitude and cutting computation time by 97% compared to original model, with even greater efficiency advantages observed as pore radius decreases. The results demonstrate that an increase in CO₂ proportion causes saturation pressure of light oil to increase at high temperatures, while decreasing it at low temperatures. For heavy oil, saturation pressure consistently increases. Nano-confinement effects become more pronounced as pore radius decreases, which leads to the reduction of saturation pressure, equilibrium ratios, and interfacial tension. This general model balances computational accuracy and efficiency, providing an efficient computing tool and modeling method for future large-scale fluid flow simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138566"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization for a spark ignition methanol marine engine based on multi-task learning and NSGA-II","authors":"Zhou Fang ,&nbsp;Weijie Liu ,&nbsp;Shishuo Gong ,&nbsp;Junbo Luo ,&nbsp;Longchao Yao ,&nbsp;Weiguo Weng ,&nbsp;Xiang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an integrated prediction-optimization algorithm for the simultaneous optimization of engine performance and emissions in a four-cylinder methanol marine engine. A 1D simulation model is constructed and validated using experimental data and subsequently employed to generate datasets for the development of a data-driven model. To accurately capture the nonlinear relationships between operating parameters and engine performance as well as emissions, a novel multi-task learning neural network, called Multi-objective Engine Performance and Emission (MEPE), is proposed. The MEPE model is designed to jointly predict five performance targets and three pollutant targets, and is further integrated into the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to minimize BSFC and <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>NO</mtext></mrow><mi>x</mi></msub></math></span> under constant load conditions. The MEPE model attains coefficients of determination (<span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>) exceeding 0.99 and root-mean-square errors (RMSE) around 0.66 for all output targets. MEPE-NSGA-II produces a Pareto front of 83 non-dominated solutions. The solutions achieve a maximum 6.2% reduction in BSFC and an 80% reduction in <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>NO</mtext></mrow><mi>x</mi></msub></math></span> relative to the baseline for representative solutions. All solutions comply with IMO Tier III standards. The 1D simulation results of the optimized plans show that the reduction in BSFC and <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>NO</mtext></mrow><mi>x</mi></msub></math></span> results from leaner operation combined with advanced spark timing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138640"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing porosity of activated carbon from activation of biochar impregnated with bio-oil: Importance of aliphatic components in bio-oil in creating developed porous structures","authors":"Chao Li ,&nbsp;Wenjian Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zheng ,&nbsp;Meng Yuan ,&nbsp;Baihong Li ,&nbsp;Guomimg Gao ,&nbsp;Yuewen Shao ,&nbsp;Tao Wei ,&nbsp;Shu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-oil, an aliphatic-rich yet challenging byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, remains underutilized, while the derived biochar exhibits limited pore-forming potential due to aliphatic loss. This study proposed to impregnate bio-oil into biochar to simultaneously valorize the byproduct and enhance porosity development during chemical activation. This hypothesis was tested by activating willow biochar with K₂C₂O₄/KOH at 750 °C following bio-oil treatment. Results confirmed that bio-oil reacted with biochar, lowering activated carbon (AC) yield by ca. 7.5%, but it successfully increased the aliphatic content of the precursor. This strengthened cracking reactions, leading to more developed pore structures, and the specific surface area increased from 510.0 to 582.6 m²g⁻¹ with K₂C₂O₄ and from 648.8 to 914.8 m²g⁻¹ with KOH (an increase by 40.1%). <em>In-situ</em> IR spectroscopy revealed enhanced presence of aliphatic groups following bio-oil impregnation, accelerating cracking processes and yielding more advanced pore structures. The introduction of bio-oil also enhanced the phenol adsorption capacity of AC due to the synergistic effect resulting from the enhancement of pore structures and optimization of surface chemical properties. This work demonstrated bio-oil impregnation as an effective pretreatment to alter reaction pathways and substantially improve the porosity of ACs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138705"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore structure evolution in organic-rich shale during thermal maturation: Insights from hydrous pyrolysis of two lacustrine kerogens","authors":"Fengtian Bai ,&nbsp;Lee A. Stevens ,&nbsp;Clement N. Uguna ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Will Meredith ,&nbsp;Colin E. Snape ,&nbsp;Christopher H. Vane ,&nbsp;Yumin Liu ,&nbsp;Chenggong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting the evolution of pore networks under realistic thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions remains a critical challenge, limiting the reliable identification of hydrocarbon “sweet spots” in mature shale basins. This study aims to decouple the synergistic controls of thermal maturity, shale composition, water, and pressure on pore development. We conducted systematic, sequential high-pressure hydrous pyrolysis experiments on two compositionally distinct lacustrine shales, immature Huadian (Type II kerogen, high TOC, illite–smectite mixed-layer clay-rich) and Fushun (Type I kerogen, low TOC, siderite-rich) shales. Integrated geochemical analyses (vitrinite reflectance, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, TOC) and pore structure characterization (low-pressure N₂/CO₂ adsorption, SEM) revealed that thermal maturity is the primary driver for pore development, but its expression is fundamentally mediated by composition. Kerogen type dictates the evolutionary pathway, and TOC dominates the porosity magnitude. Minerals further modulate pore evolution, with carbonate dissolution regenerating porosity and clay stability determining pore integrity. Water is the most critical environmental factor, enhancing porosity by facilitating hydrocarbon expulsion, inhibiting pore-filling, and promoting mineral dissolution. Pressure exerts a dual role, with internal pore pressure promoting porosity, outweighing external compaction in our closed system. Notably, water pressure results in an additional 1.9–4.5-fold increase in pore volume during the wet gas cracking stage compared to non-hydrous conditions. These results establish a novel, integrated shale-water-pressure framework that advances beyond traditional maturity-centric models by quantitatively distinguishing the roles of and interactions between key controlling factors, providing a mechanistic basis for predicting reservoir quality, although its field application requires calibration to account for basin-specific geological complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138559"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfidation-agent modulated Fe-Ni3S2 trifunctional catalysts for self-powered seawater electrolysis and sulfur recovery","authors":"Xiaoqiong Hao ,&nbsp;Xin Che ,&nbsp;Chenglong Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Yang ,&nbsp;Yingjie Liu ,&nbsp;Guangfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Yang ,&nbsp;Qianlin Huang ,&nbsp;Peiyang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater electrolysis offers a sustainable route for hydrogen production but is plagued by chlorine-related side reactions and high energy consumption. Herein, we report a rationally engineered Fe-doped Ni₃S₂ catalyst supported on nickel foam (Fe-Ni₃S₂/NF), synthesized via a sulfidation-agent modulated <em>in situ</em> topological vulcanization of NiFe layered double hydroxides grown on nickel foam (NiFe-LDH/NF), that enables efficient self-powered seawater electrolysis. Sodium sulfide-mediated sulfidation not only preserves the hierarchical architecture of the NiFe-LDH/NF precursor, thereby facilitating charge transport and mass diffusion, but also promotes uniform Fe incorporation, which drives the generation of electron-deficient Ni³⁺ centers and electron-rich metal-sulfur motifs. Such electronic modulation optimizes the adsorption of key intermediates and markedly enhances intrinsic catalytic activity. Consequently, the optimized Fe-Ni₃S₂/NF-IS catalyst delivers outstanding electrocatalytic performance, achieving overpotentials of 0.245 and 0.330 V at 100 mA cm⁻² for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and sulfide oxidation reaction (SOR), respectively, together with a half-wave potential of 0.67 V for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In addition, the catalyst exhibits excellent durability, which is attributed to surface sulfate-induced Cl⁻ repulsion and the formation of a sulfophobic interfacial environment. Notably, a coupled SOR‖HER electrolyzer based on Fe-Ni₃S₂/NF-IS operates at a low cell voltage of 0.835 V to deliver 100 mA cm⁻², corresponding to a 56.50% reduction in energy consumption relative to conventional alkaline water electrolysis. As a proof of concept, a self-powered system integrating a Zn-air battery with SOR-assisted seawater electrolysis is further demonstrated, enabling the simultaneous production of high-purity hydrogen and elemental sulfur.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138588"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perovskite fuel electrode for efficient and sustainable CO2 reduction in solid oxide electrolysis cells via A-site entropy engineering","authors":"Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Xuesong Shen ,&nbsp;Ning Sun ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Wang ,&nbsp;Guozhu Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yingxue Ju ,&nbsp;Lang Xu ,&nbsp;Shaorong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) has emerged as an attractive technology for CO₂ electrolysis. However, the insufficient electrocatalytic activity and stability of fuel electrode materials remain a major constraint on their large-scale commercial application. Herein, we report a high-entropy perovskite Pr_1/6La_1/6Nd_1/6Ba_1/6Sr_1/6Ca_1/6FeO_3-δ (PLNBSCF), as a highly active and stable fuel electrode for direct CO₂ electrolysis. Multi-element doping at the A-site induces a pronounced high-entropy effect, which substantially enhances the oxygen vacancy concentration and optimizes the CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) kinetics. When tested at 850 °C, the single cell based on a Sc_0.18Zr_0.82O_2-δ (SSZ) electrolyte support and a PLNBSCF-GDC fuel electrode achieves a current density of 1.47 A cm⁻² at 1.5 V. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent operational stability, showing no significant degradation over 360 h of continuous operation at 800 °C and 1.3 V. Mechanistic insights into the boosted electrolysis performance enabled by A-site high-entropy doping were further verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of entropy engineering in tailoring electrocatalytic properties of perovskite oxides, and opens a promising materials designing strategy for high-performance SOEC fuel electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 138612"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}