Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Dry reforming of methane for CO2 conversion using sintering-resistant halloysite-supported Ni catalysts enhanced by alkaline-earth metal oxide promoters","authors":"Samira Zafarnak,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Rahimpour","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dry reforming of methane (DRM) provides a sustainable approach for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) to produce syngas, which is essential for hydrogen production and the synthesis of clean fuels and chemicals, supporting both greenhouse gas reduction and energy transition goals. This process aligns with global sustainability efforts by offering a viable method for CO₂ utilization and contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases.</div><div>This study focuses on the development and evaluation of nickel (Ni)-based catalysts supported on halloysite nanotubes (HA), enhanced with alkaline-earth metal oxides (MgO, BaO, and CaO) as promoters. By addressing challenges such as carbon deposition and catalyst deactivation, the research investigates the structural, catalytic, and stability characteristics of these innovative materials.</div><div>Catalysts were synthesized using incipient-wetness impregnation and characterized by advanced techniques, including XRD, BET, FESEM, EDS, dot-mapping, H₂-TPR, H₂-TPD, CO₂-TPD, raman spectroscopy, and TGA, to determine their structural properties, reducibility, and resistance to coke formation. The MgO-promoted Ni/HA catalyst emerged as the most effective, achieving superior CH₄ and CO₂ conversions, improved syngas yields, and enhanced resistance to carbon deposition and sintering during long-term DRM operations at 700 °C. Notably, the 3 %Mg-15 %Ni/HA catalyst exhibited the highest CH₄ and CO₂ conversions, reaching 73 % and 79 %, respectively. Key findings include a significant reduction in Ni particle size and better dispersion on the HA support, attributed to the promoter effects.</div><div>This study highlights the potential of halloysite-supported Ni catalysts, particularly MgO-promoted variants, as robust and efficient candidates for DRM applications, offering a promising solution for greenhouse gas mitigation and syngas production under industrial conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135168"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive experimental research on typical thermophysical properties of RP-3 jet fuel and Mobil Jet™ Oil II","authors":"Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Wenguo Weng ,&nbsp;Tai Zeng ,&nbsp;Songyang Li ,&nbsp;Zuxi Xia ,&nbsp;Zhengliang Su ,&nbsp;Fei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the thermophysical properties of RP-3 jet fuel and Mobil Jet™ Oil II aviation lubricating oil over the temperature range of 20 °C to 250 °C, including density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, saturated vapor pressure, and heat of vaporization. Standard experimental techniques were employed to measure these key parameters. The experimental results indicate that with increasing temperature, the density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and saturated vapor pressure of RP-3 and Mobil Jet™ Oil II exhibit a decreasing trend, while the specific heat capacity increases. The heat of vaporization of RP-3 shows a slight fluctuating increase under atmospheric pressure to 5 MPa, whereas the variation in Mobil Jet™ Oil II is more pronounced. Based on the experimental data, corresponding mathematical correlations were derived. This study provides essential experimental data to support the investigation of the thermophysical properties of RP-3 jet fuel and Mobil Jet™ Oil II aviation lubricating oil under high-temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135223"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural evolution during processing of raw and refined coal tar pitch to mesophase pitch for needle coke","authors":"Yinda Wang ,&nbsp;Wenqing Lv ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Mu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wen ,&nbsp;Dakui Zhang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Liu ,&nbsp;He Yang ,&nbsp;Lijun Jin ,&nbsp;Ying He ,&nbsp;Haoquan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To prepare needle coke (NC) with superior performance, refined coal tar pitch (RCTP) with a low quinoline insoluble (QI) content prepared via high-speed centrifugation of CTP/mixed solvent solution was used as a raw material, and mesophase pitch (MP) was prepared via a one-step polycondensation method. The impact of temperature on the structure and properties of the products derived from CTP and RCTP was examined. The results indicated that the interlayer spacing and microcrystalline structure of MP derived from CTP and RCTP initially decreased and then increased with the increasing temperature, as the structure evolved from highly aromatic CTP molecules toward a graphitized structure. Polarized light microscopy further revealed that MP produced from CTP consisted of large particles, making it difficult to form a sheet-like structure. In contrast, RCTP exhibited excellent performance at 430°C, forming large-area sheet-like structures with good orientation and broad streamlined structures. However, the structure was damaged at 450°C leading to the formation of many irregular structures. NC produced from the MP with the most optimized microcrystalline structure had the lowest average resistivity, measured at 142.16 μΩ m. To further investigate the pyrolysis behavior of RCTP, in-situ pyrolysis vacuum ultraviolet single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to study the thermal reaction process of RCTP. The results showed that some volatile substances were directly released from RCTP forming compounds such as benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, RCTP underwent condensation and aromatization, generating substances with higher aromaticity, increased crystallinity, and a more compact microcrystalline structure, forming larger aromatic ring structures and eventually transforming into MP. MP underwent cross-linking reactions with further heating, gradually progressing towards carbonization into forming a layered graphite structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of gestation, emergence and development behavior for asphalt microcrack topography based on FEM-MD","authors":"Tengjiang Yu ,&nbsp;Ziqi Chen ,&nbsp;Fushou Zhao,&nbsp;Xiangrui Ji,&nbsp;Mingbin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To intuitively examine the gestation, emergence and development behavior of asphalt microcrack topography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finite element method (FEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) were combined to explore the spatial evolution behavior of asphalt micro-topography. Initially, the typical grayscale images of asphalt micro-topography were obtained by asphalt SEM tests, and the spatial distribution characteristics of grayscale pixels were studied. Subsequently, three-dimensional models of asphalt micro-topography were created based on grayscale images, and the gestation and emergence behavior mechanism of asphalt microcrack were revealed by FEM simulation calculation. Finally, combined with the MD simulation, the development behavior mechanism of asphalt microcrack were surveyed from molecular scale. The results show that the uneven distribution of temperature stress can be caused by the uneven asphalt micro-topography, and asphalt microcrack can be gestated in smooth micro-topography and fold micro-topography, and emerged in crack micro-topography. The development of asphalt microcrack can be considered as the game results of temperature self-healing and temperature stress cracking. The study systematically explores the spatial evolution behavior of asphalt microcrack topography, which can help to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of asphalt material property degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective extractive desulfurization using novel, green and cost-effective triethanolamine-based deep eutectic solvents: Experimental design and optimization","authors":"Farinaz Khaleghi,&nbsp;Mahboobe Behroozi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New, biodegradable, and cost-effective deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been prepared and proposed for high-performance extractive desulfurization. Thiophenic sulfur compounds, as significant constituents of liquid fuels, can cause serious environmental problems due to their combustion. These compounds cannot be effectively removed through the utilization of hydrogen desulfurization (HDS). As a promising alternative to HDS, extractive desulfurization (EDS) using deep eutectic solvents can be employed for deep desulfurization. In this study, deep eutectic solvents composed of triethanolamine (TEOA) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)/propionic acid (Pr) as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were prepared and subjected to sulfur removal from model fuel (MF). The structure of the DESs was confirmed through FT − IR and ¹H NMR. Response surface methodology (RSM) was explored to model and optimize the thiophene (Th) removal efficiency. The optimum conditions for three operational parameters were HBA: HBD molar ratios of 1:1, initial sulfur content of 300 ppm, and the DES:MF mass ratio of 1:1. Under optimal conditions, the maximum extraction efficiency was found to be of 70.3 % in a single stage extraction and reached about 100 % in the second cycle. Experiments were conducted under optimal conditions for the model fuels containing benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT), resulting in maximum extraction efficiencies of 64.6 % and 71.6 %, respectively. In addition, the effects of temperature, extraction time, sulfur compound structure and DES molar ratio on EDS process were investigated. The results show that deep desulfurization can effectively be performed using TEOA-based DESs under moderate and economic circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into kerogen II pyrolysis mechanism by master plot method based on TG-FTIR analysis","authors":"Yanlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiuyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Lu ,&nbsp;Guozhu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Song ,&nbsp;Hui Jin ,&nbsp;Liejin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of hydrocarbon generation from kerogen pyrolysis holds significant industrial and technological importance. However, the pyrolysis process is complex and current understanding remains insufficient. This article combines TG-FTIR analysis with master plot method to analyze the overall and each stage pyrolysis models of Chang 7 shale kerogen. The results show that the pyrolysis of kerogen follows order reaction with exponent of 4.5 across all temperature. Pyrolysis process can be divided into three distinct stages. The first stage involves the decarboxylation of oxygen-containing organic matter, leading to the generation of CO₂. The second stage encompasses the intense pyrolysis of aliphatic and aromatic organic matter. The third stage involves the transformation from semicoke into coke with the generation of a few hydrocarbon gases. Kerogen pyrolysis is divided into four independent pseudo components (abbreviation: pc) by Fraser Suzuki function, successively namely organic matter containing carboxyl groups, aromatic compounds in organic matter, aliphatic compounds, and coke. At lower heating rates, pyrolysis of pc1 and pc2 is primarily governed by surface reactions and nucleation models. Pc3 is predominantly influenced by surface reaction and diffusion models. At higher heating rates, pc1 and pc3 are primarily governed by surface reaction and diffusion models, whereas pc2 is predominantly influenced by nucleation model. Pc4 is influenced by all three models though it exhibits minimal variation with different heating rate. This paper provides theoretical guidance for the cognition of kerogen pyrolysis mechanism and its future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135237"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of machine learning models to estimate the viscosity of Brazilian water-in-crude oil emulsions","authors":"Hyago Braga dos Santos ,&nbsp;Jorge Luiz dos Santos Gomes ,&nbsp;Laís Oliveira Caetano Silva ,&nbsp;Rayanne Soares Jesus da Silva ,&nbsp;Victor Pinheiro Guimarães ,&nbsp;Maria Fernanda Salomon Bernardo ,&nbsp;Rafael da Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Victor Hugo Couto e Silva ,&nbsp;Victor Rolando Ruiz Ahón ,&nbsp;Troner Assenheimer","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Brazilian oil and gas sector has observed rapid growth over the last decade, principally due to substantial pre-salt reserves and advancements in deepwater technologies. This expansion has, however, introduced complex challenges related to flow assurance in offshore production systems, particularly with high-viscosity water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions that significantly impact flow efficiency. In this context, the current study aims to address these challenges by applying machine learning (ML) models to predict the viscosity behavior of emulsions derived from 23 Brazilian crude oils, utilizing a large dataset, encompassing 6,930 datapoints and evaluating different model configurations as random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The performance of the models was evaluated through R² score, mean squared error (MSE) and average relative deviation (ARD) metrics, demonstrating that RF was the most balanced model, achieving an R² of 0.9962 and the lowest ARD of 10.67%, indicating its high accuracy and precision. While the GB model achieved the highest R² of 0.9980, its higher ARD (36.3%) indicated limitations in point-specific accuracy. Similarly, the ANN model demonstrated robust general trend prediction (R² of 0.9971) but struggled with localized precision (ARD of 36.67%). Furthermore, comparisons were performed with well-stablished viscosity correlations, including those proposed by Rønningsen and Farah et al.. These comparisons demonstrated the superior performance of the RF model, evidenced by lower ARD and higher R² values. Moreover, the RF model also outperformed other machine learning models reported in the literature, further validating its robustness. The obtained results highlighted the improved capacity of the developed models in predicting viscosity behaviors of W/O emulsions and the reliability of ML techniques for accurately predicting emulsion viscosity, providing significant support for engineering applications where precise flow assurance is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic co-pyrolysis of waste tobacco stem and corn stalk to produce bio-oil with low nitrogen/oxygen","authors":"Jing Bai ,&nbsp;Luying Yang ,&nbsp;Yanhui Wang ,&nbsp;Guilin Huang ,&nbsp;Chenxu Qiu ,&nbsp;Zihui Sun ,&nbsp;Haoran Wu ,&nbsp;Chun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upgrading biomass to high quality bio-oil with low nitrogen/oxygen is of great significance, but remains challenging. Here, the catalytic co-pyrolysis of waste tobacco stems (TS) and corn stalk (CS) was performed using molecular sieves and metal oxides as catalysts to study the product distribution and their ability to remove nitrogen and oxygen. When the mass ratio of TS:CS = 1:1, the content of hydrocarbons in bio-oil catalyzed by HZSM-5 and γ-Al₂O₃ reached 40.19 % and 40.41 %, respectively, while the nitrogen compounds were only 4.50 % and 0.89 %. The nitrogen and oxygen regulation ability of catalysts followed the order of γ-Al₂O₃ &gt; HZSM-5 &gt; CaO &gt; MgO, while the carbon deposition of the catalyst was CaO &gt; HZSM-5 &gt; γ-Al₂O₃ &gt; MgO. Further study revealed that the abundant pore structure in HZSM and γ-Al₂O₃ facilitated the accumulation of macromolecular intermediates, leading to the formation of carbon deposition. In contrast, MgO participated in the pyrolysis reaction, and the formed intermediate decomposed under high-temperature pyrolysis to regenerate MgO, resulting in reduced carbon deposition. Meanwhile, CaO directly was engaged in the pyrolysis reaction, leading to the formation of CaCO₃ and CaC_xN_y compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of fluid-invasive, scattering, and imaging methods in resolving pore structures in coal and shale","authors":"Shubham Kumar ,&nbsp;Debanjan Chandra ,&nbsp;Bodhisatwa Hazra ,&nbsp;Vikram Vishal ,&nbsp;Pathegama Gamage Ranjith ,&nbsp;Anwesa Das ,&nbsp;Mayank Ahuja ,&nbsp;Sayan Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, coal and shale samples were collected from the gas-rich Barakar Formations and investigated using various analytical and imaging methods, to quantify their pore attributes. The results indicate that coal contains an abundance of nanopores that occur in clusters, along with evidence of microfractures in its structure, as observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The accessible micropore surface area (SA) of coal samples is around 2.5 times higher than that of shale samples, while the total mesopore SA in coal is around half that of shales. However, the average pore width of coal samples is approximately 0.82 times that of shale samples. These findings suggest that a higher percentage of organic carbon in coal contributes to an abundance of organic pores, which results in greater porosity in coal samples when compared to shale. The total SA determined by gas adsorption for the entire spectrum of pore sizes in coal is around two times that of shale. Interestingly, despite the difference in the pore SA and the pore volume, the pore surface roughness in the studied coals is almost equal to or slightly higher than that of shales. The study observations show that the total organic carbon and mineral composition in coal and shale play little influence on the degree of pore connectivity. The degree of pore connectivity for the coal samples varies from 0.4–0.93, whereas for shale samples it ranges from 0.50–0.82. This study provides analytical insights into the pore structure of coal and shale collected from the same reservoir by considering factors such as depth, mineralogical content, and surface roughness. During CO₂ injection, coal and shale reservoirs may experience swelling induced stress changes, potentially impacting their mechanical stability. Thus, this study provides insight into estimating the gas-storage capacities of both coal and shale reservoirs and aims to optimise the gas adsorption and maintain structural integrity. This approach ensures the long-term feasibility of implementing Enhanced Coalbed Methane (ECBM) recovery and shale gas recovery in other gas basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of in situ hydrogen generation via reverse methane combustion: Comparative analysis using CMG and COMSOL“","authors":"Aysylu Askarova ,&nbsp;Tatiana Alekhina ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Zolfaghari ,&nbsp;Evgeny Popov ,&nbsp;Pavel Afanasev ,&nbsp;Aliya Mukhametdinova ,&nbsp;Morteza Hosseinpour ,&nbsp;Madjid Soltani ,&nbsp;Alexey Cheremisin ,&nbsp;Elena Mukhina","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates reverse methane combustion for <em>in situ</em> hydrogen generation (ISHG) in porous media utilizing a novel combination of experimental and numerical approaches. Two distinct experimental tests were conducted to explore the feasibility and optimization of ISHG. Test 1 focused on validating combustion kinetics using temperature profiles. The experiment confirmed that no hydrogen was produced due to the absence of water and catalyst, with methane almost fully consumed in combustion, while CMG and COMSOL simulations accurately replicated temperature profiles, validating the reliability of numerical models for ISHG. Test 2 represented the final stage of optimization, incorporating a water-soluble catalyst to introduce both water and catalytic activity into the system. While catalyst presence improved reaction conditions, the most significant impact on hydrogen yield was observed during the transition from <em>in situ</em> combustion (ISC) to steam methane reforming (SMR), triggered by the termination of air injection. This transition created a favorable reaction environment, significantly enhancing hydrogen production. The study validates ISHG feasibility and underscores the critical role of water supply, side reactions, and spatial heterogeneity in optimizing hydrogen yield during ISHG, and the need for further model refinement to match real-world conditions. The findings provide foundational insights for advancing ISHG as a scalable, low-carbon hydrogen production method, supporting future decarbonisation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 135201"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}