Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Investigation into auto-ignition characteristics and kinetics modeling of PODE2/n-heptane mixtures using an RCM","authors":"Xiaochen Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Zou ,&nbsp;Yingtao Wu ,&nbsp;Jianbing Gao ,&nbsp;Chenglong Tang ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE_n) have emerged as promising oxygenated synthetic fuels for compression ignition engines applications. While extensive research has focused on the combustion and emissions of PODE_n/diesel-fueled engines, fundamental understanding of their ignition behavior remains limited, despite its critical importance for computational fluid dynamics simulations in fuel/engine co-optimization. Therefore, this study measured ignition delay times (IDTs) of stoichiometric PODE₂/n-heptane blends in a rapid compression machine at 10 bar and temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 K. A merged kinetic mechanism for n-heptane/PODE₂ blends was developed and validated, showing good agreement with the experimental IDTs. Results demonstrate that blending PODE₂ into n-heptane reduces IDTs and enhances mixture reactivity, particularly between 800 and 950 K. When the blending ratio of PODE₂ is relatively high, the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior is progressively attenuated, leading to a slight increase in IDTs within the NTC region due to the absence of NTC characteristics in neat PODE₂. Kinetic modeling analyses reveal that at 700 K, 40 % PODE₂ addition advances the onset of first-stage ignition through enhanced OH radical generation and heat accumulation, though the total IDT is slightly extended. At 900 K, PODE₂ promotes earlier ignition, driven by increased OH formation via the CH₃ + HO₂ → CH₃O + OH pathway despite a reduction in OH production from H₂O₂ decomposition. Reaction pathway and rate-of-production analyses indicate that H-abstraction and secondary O₂-addition reactions of n-heptane dominate ignition chemistry at low PODE₂ content, while PODE₂ oxidation becomes increasingly influential with rising blend ratio or temperature. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the combustion behavior of PODE₂/n-heptane blends and inform strategies for fuel/engine co-optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137077"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting extraction oxidation desulfurization via valence modulation: (TBA)3PMoⅤ4@MOF-808(Zr) outperforms its hexavalent analog","authors":"Yan Gao ,&nbsp;Miao Yan ,&nbsp;Xinyu Dong ,&nbsp;HuiJuan Jia ,&nbsp;Xueli Zhao ,&nbsp;Yang He ,&nbsp;Lingxin Guo ,&nbsp;Jianshe Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With growing demands for high-quality liquid fuels, sulfur removal has become critical for the refining industry. POM@MOF composites, which combine the advantages of polyoxometalate (POM) and metal–organic framework (MOF), show great potential in sulfide oxidation. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of (TBA)₃PMo^Ⅵ₄@MOF-808(Zr) and (TBA)₃PMo^Ⅴ₄@MOF-808(Zr), and their applications in extraction oxidation desulfurization (EODS). These two composites with different valence Mo were synthesized via impregnation and solvothermal methods, respectively. XPS analysis confirmed the reduction of (TBA)₃PMo^Ⅵ₄ to (TBA)₃PMo^Ⅴ₄ during the synthesis process. EODS tests showed that (TBA)₃PMo^Ⅴ₄@MOF-808(Zr) possesses better catalytic activity due to its uniform active-component dispersion and pentavalent molybdenum. The effects of H₂O₂ dosage, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature on DBT removal rate were investigated, and the oxidation kinetics of DBT was studied. A possible EODS mechanism was proposed, involving hydrogen-peroxide activation, DBT oxidation, and catalyst regeneration. The catalyst (TBA)₃PMo^Ⅴ₄@MOF-808(Zr) also showed good reusability and structural stability, holding great potential for practical desulfurization applications.</div></div><div><h3>Environmental implication</h3><div>The synthesis of POM@MOF composites via impregnation and solvothermal methods for fuel desulfurization reduces sulfur-containing pollutants emissions. The efficient (TBA)₃PMo^Ⅴ₄@MOF-808(Zr) catalyst reduces sulfides in fuel under mild conditions, and its reusability and stability minimize waste, contributing to sustainable environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137089"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of ammonia in the global energy transition: opportunities and challenges in ammonia gas turbine technology","authors":"Shuai Chen,&nbsp;Bin Guan,&nbsp;Lei Zhu,&nbsp;Zhongqi Zhuang,&nbsp;Xuehan Hu,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhu,&nbsp;Sikai Zhao,&nbsp;Junyan Chen,&nbsp;Junjie Gao,&nbsp;Kaiyou Shu,&nbsp;Hongtao Dang,&nbsp;Luyang Zhang,&nbsp;Tiankui Zhu,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Luoxin Xu,&nbsp;Wenbo Zeng,&nbsp;Linhui Wang,&nbsp;Can Zhu,&nbsp;Jiaming He,&nbsp;Qinghan Xian,&nbsp;Zhen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of the continuous global surge in energy demand, excessive reliance on fossil fuels has led to increasingly severe environmental pollution and climate issues, making the promotion of sustainable energy transition urgently needed. As a hydrogen energy carrier with zero carbon emission characteristics, ammonia demonstrates significant application value in the power generation sector and transportation systems, thanks to its superior energy density and convenient storage and transportation advantages. Currently, the development of ammonia-fueled gas turbine technology still faces numerous challenges, including increased nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions, poor combustion performance, insufficient flame stability, and material performance degradation. This paper systematically integrates the complete technical chain of ammonia as an energy carrier—covering synthesis, combustion, emission control, and material technologies—and sorts out the development context, current status, and future trends of ammonia gas turbine technology. The core advantages of this technology lie in its clean combustion characteristics and compatibility with existing infrastructure; however, technical barriers such as NO_x control and combustion stability still need to be overcome. Innovative solutions, including ammonia-hydrogen co-combustion, ammonia-methane co-combustion, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), rich-lean combustion technology, plasma-assisted combustion, and the development of new materials, are expected to address these issues. Representative practical cases such as the IM270 Ammonia Gas Turbine Project and the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Demonstration Project mark breakthrough progress in the commercial application of ammonia gas turbine systems. Looking ahead, the integration of renewable energy systems and artificial intelligence-driven system optimization will significantly enhance the efficiency of ammonia gas turbine technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 136951"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel multiphase prediction model for shale oil production","authors":"Nijun Qi ,&nbsp;Zhengdong Lei ,&nbsp;Xizhe Li ,&nbsp;Zhewei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Zhou ,&nbsp;Lijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Mengfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Pei ,&nbsp;Longyi Wang ,&nbsp;Sijie He","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the complex challenges in dynamic shale oil production forecasting, this study proposes a new model named Multi-Resolution Fusion Informer with Gating Mechanism (MRFI-Gate) for high-precision prediction of daily oil, gas, and water production. The model innovatively combines three key mechanisms: multi-scale feature extraction through a coordinated architecture of multi-resolution convolutional neural network (MultiResCNN) and Informer to capture both local details and global trends, physics-informed constraints via static features to enhance interpretability and generalizability, and dynamic event response enabled by the Shut-in and Resumption Gating Module (SIR-Gating Module) that automatically identifies shut-in events and adjusts prediction strategies. Validation using field data demonstrates that MRFI-Gate significantly outperforms GRU, LSTM, and ANN models across key metrics including MAE, RMSE, and R². On the test set, MRFI-Gate achieved a MAE of 0.1029, RMSE of 0.2013, and R² of 0.9006, significantly outperforming other models. MRFI-Gate’s MAE is 31.7% lower than GRU, 39.5% lower than LSTM, and 47.2% lower than ANN; RMSE is 32.8% lower than GRU, 33.3% lower than LSTM, and 49.3% lower than ANN; R² is 23.0% higher than GRU, 24.2% higher than LSTM, and 37.4% higher than ANN. This study provides a new hybrid modeling paradigm for multiphase prediction in shale oil production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137048"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on gas adsorption characteristics and microstructural features of coking coal under temperature–pressure coupling","authors":"Jie Kang (康洁) ,&nbsp;Yaolin Cao (曹垚林) ,&nbsp;Fuchao Tian (田富超) ,&nbsp;Shaochuan Chen (陈绍川) ,&nbsp;Lin Hong (洪林) ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang (张雨) ,&nbsp;Yazhou Xu (许亚洲)","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas adsorption characteristics are significantly affected by coal pore structure and temperature and pressure conditions. In this paper, we investigated the adsorption characteristics and microstructural changes of coal samples through gas adsorption experiments, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments. The results show that the adsorption capacity increases with pressure and decreases with temperature; moreover, it under high and low pressures and high temperatures exhibits complex non-linear characteristics. For example, at 25 ℃, the adsorption capacity increases significantly with pressure; at 120 ℃, it is extremely low in the low-pressure zone but increases significantly in the high-pressure zone. This reflects that changes in pore structure enhance the adsorption capacity under high temperature and high pressure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments show that an increase in temperature causes micropore collapse and consolidation, as well as a decrease in specific surface area; furthermore, pretreatment at 80 ℃/2.5 MPa could optimise the pore structure. This paper has also established application models applicable to three aspects: goaf gas control, goaf spontaneous combustion prevention and control, and goaf stability evaluation. These models provide theoretical support for the exploration and development of deep coalbed methane, as well as the condition optimization and technical improvement in the process of coalbed methane extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137062"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive turbulence eddy-induced piezoelectric polarization boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production in ZnO/NF","authors":"Changfei Huang ,&nbsp;Zhuofan Deng ,&nbsp;Cong Yuan ,&nbsp;Meng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinlan Wang ,&nbsp;Danhui Yang ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Tian ,&nbsp;Hualin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid eddy-induced piezoelectric effect has been extensively employed to boost photocatalysis. However, the dynamic fluid-induced stress distribution on porous support and the effect of variable surface shear stresses on catalytic activity remain unclear in a rotating fluid-driven piezo-photocatalytic process. Herein, the ZnO-supported porous nickel foam (NF) monolithic catalyst was successfully fabricated, where the interconnected pore network induced intensive turbulence eddies, leading to enhanced light absorption and accelerated mass transport during photocatalysis. Furthermore, the effects of piezoelectric polarization intensity and porosity on hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting were systematically investigated. The ZnO/NF particles (porosity: 40 PPI) under flow-field rotation achieved an optimal hydrogen evolution rate of 1.02 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, representing a 7.3-fold improvement compared to the non-porous conductive glass loaded ZnO (0.14 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹). The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation revealed that the dynamic pressure distribution increased with porosity, whereas the effective light absorption area exhibited an opposite trend, underscoring the role of piezoelectric polarization in enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production. Additionally, for the scalable production of clean hydrogen, a hydro-cyclonic piezo-photocatalytic reactor for H₂ production was initially designed and assembled under laboratory conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137058"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bi-level dispatching model for load-balancing of distributed-flexible biogas plants in multi-energy complementary microgrid: A hybrid data-driven and mechanism-based approach","authors":"Yiyun Liu ,&nbsp;Rongqi Wu ,&nbsp;Jianjun Li ,&nbsp;Yang Sun ,&nbsp;Yuanjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Shihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Shisheng Wang ,&nbsp;Guanghong Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a bi-level dispatching model for coordinating flexible biogas plants operating to support wind/solar load balancing within a regional microgrid. The upper-layer model employs a dual-objective optimization to generate the optimal biogas dispatching scheme for each biogas plant, while the sub-layer utilizes a BP-PID control model to enable flexible biogas production and adjust feeding schedule accordingly to track the desired biogas demand curve. An LSTM-enhanced Gompertz model is integrated into the controller to capture the relationship between the real-time feeding input and biogas demand response, leveraging a hybrid data and mechanistic-driven approach to combine empirical adaptability with physical interpretability. The experimental results confirm the model’s predictive accuracy and precision, and demonstrate that the system can achieve flexible biogas production while maintaining improved process stability. This approach is expected to enhance the disturbance resilience of flexible biogas production under complex microgrid conditions, thereby maintaining stable system operation, promoting the degradation of organic pollutants, and providing theoretical and technical support for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137043"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and strategies in the catalytic decomposition of NO to N2","authors":"Ziying Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Guan ,&nbsp;Shifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Gan Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongbing Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Guo ,&nbsp;Dongchen Hang ,&nbsp;Yuanbin Xia ,&nbsp;Hailong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct NO decomposition is regarded as an ideal DeNO<em>_x</em> technology, as it requires no reducing agents and produces no secondary pollutants. The success of this technology relies on the development of highly efficient catalysts capable of substantially lowering the activation energy barrier. This review first examined the reaction mechanism and elementary steps of NO decomposition, establishing a fundamental framework for understanding the catalytic performance. Based on these mechanistic insights, it then summarized the key factors influencing the catalyst activity, with particular emphasis on oxygen vacancy generation, basicity regulation, redox capability, and active component dispersion. Recent advances in various catalysts, including noble metals, transition metals, rare earth oxides, and perovskite materials, were systematically analyzed, highlighting their performance and enhancement strategies. Furthermore, the major challenges were critically evaluated, and future research directions were also proposed. Overall, this review aimed to provide theoretical guidance and insights for designing and developing efficient catalysts for direct NO decomposition, thereby promoting progress towards sustainable DeNO<em>_x</em> technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 136891"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature co-gasification of rice husks and waste tires as an alternative fuel in the cement industry: Investigation of synergistic mechanisms and their targeted optimization","authors":"Shuchao Cheng ,&nbsp;Baosheng Jin ,&nbsp;Liye Wang ,&nbsp;Songshan Cao ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiangchao Su ,&nbsp;Qinyang Gu ,&nbsp;Yaji Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To support low-carbon transformation in the cement industry, this study investigated the low-temperature co-gasification of rice husks (RH) and waste tires (WT) as an alternative fuel. Gasification experiments in a tubular furnace examined the effects of varying RH to WT mass ratios and excess air number (α), while molecular dynamics simulation explored the reaction mechanisms of their main components, cellulose (CE) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The results showed that co-gasification exhibits both inhibitory and synergistic effects: WT initially suppresses RH decomposition but later promotes the release of combustibles. Although gas yield decreased, the lower heating value (LHV) of gas improved significantly, with the highest synergistic effect (51.45 %) at α = 0.20 and a mass ratio of RH to WT of 3:7. Co-gasification also reduced Si and S in the solid product, thereby reducing the risk of clinker skinning. CE provided hydrogen and hydrocarbon radicals that contribute to the generation of combustible gases. SBR provided aromatics that helped reduce NO_x emissions. Precise modulation of syngas composition, calorific value, and carbon distribution in gasification products was achieved through regulation of the RH-to-WT ratio and controlled gasification temperatures. Thus enabling targeted implementation of low-temperature co-gasification as an alternative energy solution in cement manufacturing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137015"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating soot formation in RP-3 combustion using numerical simulations and experimental validation","authors":"Valentina Yap ,&nbsp;Felipe Escudero ,&nbsp;Dongping Chen ,&nbsp;Andrés Fuentes ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Demarco","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RP-3 is the most widely used aviation fuel in China, and its consumption has increased significantly in recent years, being responsible for the release of considerable amounts of greenhouse gases and soot particles. Therefore, it is imperative to gain fundamental understanding of its burning behavior and design methodologies to achieve cleaner and more efficient combustion. This study presents an investigation into the capabilities of a tailored strategy for the kinetic modeling of the gas phase of RP-3 (HyChem) and its coupling with soot particle dynamics. A stagnation and coflow flame are used for simulating test cases using the CoFlame code, and compared to available experimental data about soot and flow characteristics. In burner stabilized stagnation flames, good agreement is observed between experiments and predictions of temperature profiles. For coflow flames, the model predicts soot volume fraction and flame height with good accuracy as compared to experimental data of an RP-3 flame, although the soot peak is slightly shifted towards the flame edge. Although the kinetic model was designed for RP-3, it also captures overall trends of soot production in a Jet A-1 flame. This approach demonstrates a reliable predictive capability for aviation fuel combustion and provides a basis for further refinement in the modeling of these complex fuels, with potential applications for cleaner combustion strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 136959"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}