{"title":"双喷策略下二乙醚-柴油混合物的宏观喷雾特性","authors":"Utkarsha Sonawane, Avinash Kumar Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136232","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physicochemical properties of test fuels, ambient conditions, and fuel injection strategies strongly influence the spray characteristics. This study experimentally investigated the macroscopic spray characteristics of diethyl ether-diesel blend under a double-split injection strategy. Diesel-diethyl ether blend (DEE40, 40 % diethyl ether in diesel, v/v) spray penetrated faster in the initial stage of spray evolution and exhibited a higher spray penetration rate. However, the liquid penetration length of the spray was comparable to or lower in the later stages of the spray evolution. Diethyl ether spray had a lower density. Hence, a higher injection velocity for DEE40 spray was observed at the start of the injection. However, far-field velocity completely depends on spray droplets’ further breakup and evaporation. Diesel-diethyl ether blends exhibited stronger cavitation inside the injector, improving the spray atomisation compared to baseline diesel. In the far field, the higher vapour pressure of diethyl ether enhanced fuel droplet evaporation with the spray evolution. The liquid spray area also showed similar trends to the liquid penetration length for both test fuels. DEE40 spray not only showed higher axial penetration but also radial spread. However, rapid atomisation and evaporation of DEE40 showed a sudden reduction in liquid penetration length and spray area. The fuel injection pressure of 1200 bar had a higher liquid penetration length than 700 bar for both test fuels due to higher spray momentum. A split injection with a dwell time of 0.15 ms showed higher spray penetration than a single injection case. The immediate push from the second injection pulse accelerated the momentum of the entire fuel spray. In addition, too short dwell time promoted droplet collision and coalescence, increasing the liquid penetration length. The longer dwell time of 0.45 ms and DEE40 spray showed the formation of finer droplets and a lower liquid spray area due to the superior evaporation of these finer droplets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136232"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Macroscopic spray characteristics of diethyl ether-diesel blends in a double injection strategy\",\"authors\":\"Utkarsha Sonawane, Avinash Kumar Agarwal\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136232\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The physicochemical properties of test fuels, ambient conditions, and fuel injection strategies strongly influence the spray characteristics. This study experimentally investigated the macroscopic spray characteristics of diethyl ether-diesel blend under a double-split injection strategy. Diesel-diethyl ether blend (DEE40, 40 % diethyl ether in diesel, v/v) spray penetrated faster in the initial stage of spray evolution and exhibited a higher spray penetration rate. However, the liquid penetration length of the spray was comparable to or lower in the later stages of the spray evolution. Diethyl ether spray had a lower density. Hence, a higher injection velocity for DEE40 spray was observed at the start of the injection. However, far-field velocity completely depends on spray droplets’ further breakup and evaporation. Diesel-diethyl ether blends exhibited stronger cavitation inside the injector, improving the spray atomisation compared to baseline diesel. In the far field, the higher vapour pressure of diethyl ether enhanced fuel droplet evaporation with the spray evolution. The liquid spray area also showed similar trends to the liquid penetration length for both test fuels. DEE40 spray not only showed higher axial penetration but also radial spread. However, rapid atomisation and evaporation of DEE40 showed a sudden reduction in liquid penetration length and spray area. The fuel injection pressure of 1200 bar had a higher liquid penetration length than 700 bar for both test fuels due to higher spray momentum. A split injection with a dwell time of 0.15 ms showed higher spray penetration than a single injection case. The immediate push from the second injection pulse accelerated the momentum of the entire fuel spray. In addition, too short dwell time promoted droplet collision and coalescence, increasing the liquid penetration length. The longer dwell time of 0.45 ms and DEE40 spray showed the formation of finer droplets and a lower liquid spray area due to the superior evaporation of these finer droplets.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":325,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fuel\",\"volume\":\"404 \",\"pages\":\"Article 136232\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fuel\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001623612501957X\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fuel","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001623612501957X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Macroscopic spray characteristics of diethyl ether-diesel blends in a double injection strategy
The physicochemical properties of test fuels, ambient conditions, and fuel injection strategies strongly influence the spray characteristics. This study experimentally investigated the macroscopic spray characteristics of diethyl ether-diesel blend under a double-split injection strategy. Diesel-diethyl ether blend (DEE40, 40 % diethyl ether in diesel, v/v) spray penetrated faster in the initial stage of spray evolution and exhibited a higher spray penetration rate. However, the liquid penetration length of the spray was comparable to or lower in the later stages of the spray evolution. Diethyl ether spray had a lower density. Hence, a higher injection velocity for DEE40 spray was observed at the start of the injection. However, far-field velocity completely depends on spray droplets’ further breakup and evaporation. Diesel-diethyl ether blends exhibited stronger cavitation inside the injector, improving the spray atomisation compared to baseline diesel. In the far field, the higher vapour pressure of diethyl ether enhanced fuel droplet evaporation with the spray evolution. The liquid spray area also showed similar trends to the liquid penetration length for both test fuels. DEE40 spray not only showed higher axial penetration but also radial spread. However, rapid atomisation and evaporation of DEE40 showed a sudden reduction in liquid penetration length and spray area. The fuel injection pressure of 1200 bar had a higher liquid penetration length than 700 bar for both test fuels due to higher spray momentum. A split injection with a dwell time of 0.15 ms showed higher spray penetration than a single injection case. The immediate push from the second injection pulse accelerated the momentum of the entire fuel spray. In addition, too short dwell time promoted droplet collision and coalescence, increasing the liquid penetration length. The longer dwell time of 0.45 ms and DEE40 spray showed the formation of finer droplets and a lower liquid spray area due to the superior evaporation of these finer droplets.
期刊介绍:
The exploration of energy sources remains a critical matter of study. For the past nine decades, fuel has consistently held the forefront in primary research efforts within the field of energy science. This area of investigation encompasses a wide range of subjects, with a particular emphasis on emerging concerns like environmental factors and pollution.