Yifu Ding, Avinash Vijay, D. Neal, Daniel J. Rogers, M. Mcculloch
{"title":"Model Predictive Control for Grid-ready Microgrids in developing countries","authors":"Yifu Ding, Avinash Vijay, D. Neal, Daniel J. Rogers, M. Mcculloch","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219857","url":null,"abstract":"In an under-resourced environment, the optimal energy management of the off-grid system under the stochastic generation and load is an open technology challenge. To design the least-cost system whilst meeting the reliability requirement, this work develops a predictive control framework based on a real-world microgrid pilot design11This work is supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant EP/R030111/1 Robust Extra Low Cost Nano-grids (RELCON). Considering users' preferences and various weather conditions, it employs model predictive control (MPC) and demonstrates superior performance in reliability improvement compared with the day-ahead case. Given the reliability requirements ranging from 70% to 90%, the MPC can achieve the 5.23% improvement with the same system cost, and close to the performance under the perfect foresight.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131074864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Insight and Foresight of The Nigerian Power Transmission System: An Overview","authors":"A. V. Adebayo, Priye Kenneth Ainah, O. Apata","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219845","url":null,"abstract":"One of the recipes for guaranteed economic growth in any nation is an efficient power system structure which provides continuous supply of electricity for businesses and individuals and the transmission infrastructure of any power system is critical to the supply of constant supply of electricity. The government of Nigeria in the last decade has embarked on several reforms aimed at improving the supply of electricity. Despite this effort a large majority of its over 183 million population still have no access to constant supply of electricity. One of the major reasons for this is the lack of an efficient transmission network which has resulted in frequent recurrent power outages. This paper therefore presents a retrospective insight into the Nigerian transmission system and foresight as well as assessing the opportunities and challenges in the power sector.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131441540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benefits of Electric Vehicle as Mobile Energy Storage System","authors":"S. O. Showers, A. Raji","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219795","url":null,"abstract":"The use of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles has demonstrated critical problems such as climate change, environmental pollution and increased cost of gas. However, other power sources have been identified as replacement for ICE powered vehicles such as solar and electric powered vehicles for their simplicity and efficiency. Hence, the deployment of Electric vehicles (EVs) has grown significantly over the past eight years with 12, 000 electric vehicles sold in 2012, 430, 000 purchased in 2015, while the global stock was approximated at over 5 million in 2019 [1]. Therefore, this paper reviews the benefits of electric vehicles as it relates to grid resilience, provision of mobile energy, economic development, improved environment and infrastructure benefits. The study showed that significant adoption of electric vehicles will offer a wide range of benefits such as; creation of jobs, provision of power for homes and leveling electricity demand profile amongst others.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132386474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gideon Dadzie, E. Frimpong, Caleb Myers Allotey, E. Boateng
{"title":"Transformer Incipient Fault Detection Technique Based on Neural Network","authors":"Gideon Dadzie, E. Frimpong, Caleb Myers Allotey, E. Boateng","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219948","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an artificial intelligence approach to transformer incipient fault diagnosis. Gas concentration data for hydrogen gas (H<inf>2</inf>), methane (CH<inf>4</inf>), ethane (C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>6</inf>), ethylene (C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>4</inf>) and acetylene (C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>2</inf>) are obtained and processed by determining their relative gas concentrations. The relative gas concentrations are further transformed using a coding approach. The transformed relative gas concentrations are then fed into a multilayer perceptron neural network whose outputs give diagnosis for incipient faults. The proposed approach was tested on 145 data sets of gas concentrations. Results obtained show that the proposed approach has good prospects for quantitative diagnosis of incipient faults.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132467774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Half-wave Rectified Synchronous Motor Using Inverter Carrier - Frequency Current for Excitation","authors":"Mengesha Mamo Wogari","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219897","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, inverter carrier frequency component voltage induced in synchronous motor rotor circuit is explored as a source of the rotor excitation current. The triangular waves for a three phase inverter (sine-triangle-modulated) supplying the machine are suggested to be phase shifted by one-third the carrier frequency period, so that rotating magneto-motive-force (mmf) at the carrier frequency can be created. The rotating mmf, hence, can induce voltage in the rotor winding circuit. The induced voltage and the resulting current in the rotor winding, then, can be rectified to keep the excitation flux in the same direction. Furthermore, variable inverter carrier frequency is suggested to vary the excitation current magnitude for field weakening operation. Simplified expressions relating the carrier frequency component current in the stator windings, in the rotor winding and rotor position angle have been developed. Preliminary simulation results using MATLAB indicate that the inverter carrier frequency can be utilized for excitation to run the motor without brush and additional external DC power supply for excitation.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131884450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different Controlling Techniques of A PV-Based Microgrid Systems with Reduced Harmonics","authors":"Md Jabed Hossain, Md. Omar Faruk, Md Towhidur Rahman Kha, Salman Sakib, Shuva Mitra","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219985","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the four different control techniques for a solar power based microgrid system. Four control techniques have been studied in this report such as Grid forming, Grid feeding, Grid supporting based on grid forming, and finally Grid supporting based on grid feeding. A prominent feature of these control schemes is that they do not require any external communication to control them rather automatically compensate according to the need. In this paper, a simple three-phase cycloconverter has been adopted to reduce the harmonics at the load bus. All simulations and performances of these control techniques are calculated through time-domain simulations by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134316080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge V. B. Andrade, Rafael S. Salles, Maise N. S. Silva, B. Bonatto
{"title":"Falling Consumption and Demand for Electricity in South Africa - A Blessing and a Curse","authors":"Jorge V. B. Andrade, Rafael S. Salles, Maise N. S. Silva, B. Bonatto","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219878","url":null,"abstract":"The world is facing its most significant public health problem of the century. A COVID-19 pandemic that has spread rapidly in many different regions and countries, such as South Africa, affects health systems, economies, and societies. The South African electricity sector was also affected by the pandemic, experiencing shocks in supply and demand, putting further pressure on the country's energy systems. In this context, this study explored the preliminary impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the South African electricity sector. Such consequences resulting from the containment measures and changes in the behavior of electricity use were investigated during the seven weeks after the beginning of the country's lockdown. To achieve the aim of this paper, exploratory research was carried out, given that the phenomenon is at an early stage, making use of three secondary research methods. The results show the severe drops in electricity consumption and peak demand, which reached 28.1% and 20.2%, respectively. Finally, it is presented the challenges faced by the South African electricity sector in the context of the pandemic, highlighting the possible ways to be traced to overcome these barriers in the post-pandemic, focusing on policy structures of the country's electricity sector.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133251107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximum Power Point Tracking with Boost Converter for Solar Laptop Charger","authors":"Thamsanqa Garth Matsebele, O. M. Longe","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219823","url":null,"abstract":"Off-grid energy solution is becoming a necessity in our country with the unstable electricity supply from the utility provider. Laptop is an essential electronic appliance for individuals, schools and businesses, which you can't afford to be down on power. Remote areas are often challenged by consistent interrupted power supply, thereby delaying or hindering certain work that needs to be done with laptops. Hence, off-grid solar energy solutions is proposed to charge laptop batteries and various electronics with similar specifications for remote area dwellers. However, solar panels are very inefficient when directly connected to load. Therefore, application of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and pulse width modulation (PWM) to connect solar panels to laptop charger is presented in this work. This was achieved in this work through simulation and hardware implementation.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133075107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study for Solar PV Powered Cooling System in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Sambu Kanteh Kanteh Sakiliba, A. Hassan","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a solar PV A-C system (SPVAC) system to address cooling requirements in hot and humid sub-Saharan Africa with a case study in Lagos Nigeria. A model was developed to access the viability of the SPVAC system when compared to scenarios with diesel generator and unstable electrical grid supply. Results obtained have indicated the economic viability and reliability of the SPVAC system especially in Nigeria with erratic grid electricity supply.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132195396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julius Kilonzi Charles, Peter Musau Moses, J. M. Mbuthia
{"title":"Security Constrained MODGTEP using Adaptive Hybrid Meta-heuristic Approach","authors":"Julius Kilonzi Charles, Peter Musau Moses, J. M. Mbuthia","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219831","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the ever-increasing electricity demand, network expansion solutions from the Transmission Constrained Generation Expansion Planning (TC-GEP) process may not be adequate and thus the transmission network needs be expanded together with the generation system. Separation of the two processes of network expansion whose results must be combined during implementation will often lead to sub-optimal expansion plans. This concern has given rise to the integrated Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning (GTEP) optimization problem. In this paper the GTEP problem is formulated in a multi-objective and dynamic environment. The multi-objective function considers investment, production and outage costs as well as penalties related to system voltage violations and active power loss. In addition, the proposed formulation considers system redundancy. To increase on the reliability of the results the formulations are based on AC power flow models. The formulated MOGTEP problem is optimized using adaptive hybrid meta-heuristic approach. This approach is suitable for handling the highly dimensional and complex problem. The obtained results showed the superiority of the proposed MODGTEP formulation and solution methodology to other reviewed solution techniques. The proposed methodology produced less costly and more reliable expansion plans. Inclusion of the contingency analysis led to increase in the committed elements (generators and transmission lines) so as to account for any planned and forced outages in the system.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133883896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}