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Design of an Automatic Hybrid Water Heating System 一种自动混合热水系统的设计
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219821
P. Maine, O. M. Longe
{"title":"Design of an Automatic Hybrid Water Heating System","authors":"P. Maine, O. M. Longe","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219821","url":null,"abstract":"Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning (HVAC) accounts for about 30-50% of energy consumption and expenditure in residential premises. Hence, the need to meet this essential demand affordably and in an environmentally friendly manner. Therefore, an automatic hybrid water heating system (AHWHS) is proposed in this work, to heat up water for bathroom and kitchen use, using power supply from either the utility grid or an installed solar panel depending on certain factors such as availability and cost of solar resource, availability and cost of utility grid supply, water demand by consumers, etc. The AHWHS was designed and constructed by charging a battery from either the utility grid or solar panel, which then powers the direct current coil element to heat up the water needed for use in the home. The AHWHS was found to reduce household energy expenditure by 68.33% and 71.59% during low and high demand seasons respectively.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129649017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking Utilities of the Future in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Optimization Analysis of Grid Integration Opportunities in Uganda 打开撒哈拉以南非洲未来的公用事业:乌干达电网整合机会的优化分析
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219965
Hannibal Tesfahunegn, Nneomma Nwosu, E. Lee, Rebekah Shirley
{"title":"Unlocking Utilities of the Future in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Optimization Analysis of Grid Integration Opportunities in Uganda","authors":"Hannibal Tesfahunegn, Nneomma Nwosu, E. Lee, Rebekah Shirley","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219965","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant electrification advances, around one billion people don't have access to basic electricity. In Uganda, 78% of the population is yet to be connected to electricity. This study uses publicly available data to compare the cost of different technology approaches and develops a least-cost electrification pathway for Uganda to meet its energy targets. It further explores how optimized electrification strategies may vary according to different targets of service level, reliability, and pace of access to highlight the tradeoffs of electrification approaches. The analysis shows that distributed renewable energy solutions (like mini-grid and standalone solar) have high potential for electrifying areas with lower grid density such as Northern Uganda. These findings leveling the playing field such as providing adequate finance to enable Uganda to capture the benefit from the expansion of DRE technologies.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124634981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
High-Bandwidth Distributed Virtual-Inertia Converters for AC Microgrids 交流微电网高带宽分布式虚拟惯量变换器
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219843
O. Babayomi, Zhenbin Zhang, Jinsong Kang
{"title":"High-Bandwidth Distributed Virtual-Inertia Converters for AC Microgrids","authors":"O. Babayomi, Zhenbin Zhang, Jinsong Kang","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219843","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern power grid, the increasing level of penetration of renewable energy generation is creating a need for the augmentation of power system inertia as conventional synchronous machines are unable to provide this feature alone. Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) make power converters to emulate the dynamic frequency response of traditional synchronous generators. In this paper, the emulated virtual inertia of a VSG is applied to improve the frequency response of a model predictive-controlled (MPC) distributed AC microgrid (MG) system. The simulated proposed control was demonstrated to be effective for high-inertia frequency response and high bandwidth voltage tracking after the occurrence of sudden active power and reactive power load changes at the common bus of the MG system.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131480933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Monitoring of a Voltage battery sensor of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) by means of an Arduino 基于Arduino的不间断电源电压电池传感器的设计与监控
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219950
S. Kazadi, Mazibuko Thokozile, K. Ogudo
{"title":"Design and Monitoring of a Voltage battery sensor of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) by means of an Arduino","authors":"S. Kazadi, Mazibuko Thokozile, K. Ogudo","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219950","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we presents the design of a battery voltage sensor of an Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) by means of an Arduino board technology. The battery sensor senses the external battery voltage value and compares it with the dc charging voltage of an Uninterrupted Power Supply. An alarm is designed to notify the personnel, in the event that the two voltages do not match in terms of value compares. In most cases, UPS are equipped with sensors mainly to protect rectifier and inverter circuits without considering enough sensors to the battery circuit. These sensors make them reliable, stable as well as to alert the personnel for any abnormality in voltage level changes. This design was fascinated with proteus software application for the simulation of the UPS battery voltage sensor and the experimental setup, Protocol and Prototype built. The performance evaluation was achieved with the battery sensor implemented into the Uninterrupted Power Supply by means of an Arduino board technology to sense the battery voltage comparing it with the Uninterrupted Power Supply charging voltage. From the experimental results, the state of the battery charge (SOC) was monitored by the designed sensor, under charge and discharge condition in percentage (%), a range of 11.6 VDC and 12VDC was achieved respectively.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129898031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Analysis of Common-mode EMI in PM Synchronous Machines with Fractional-slot Concentrated Winding 分槽集中绕组永磁同步电机共模电磁干扰分析
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219874
Adisu Teshale, Zhao Zhao, Getachew Biru, R. Leidhold
{"title":"Analysis of Common-mode EMI in PM Synchronous Machines with Fractional-slot Concentrated Winding","authors":"Adisu Teshale, Zhao Zhao, Getachew Biru, R. Leidhold","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219874","url":null,"abstract":"The stray capacitances existing between the windings and the frame of the electric machines are the main coupling route of common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interferences (EMI). In this study, the magnitude of parasitic capacitances present in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with fractional-slot concentrated winding (FSCW) and conventional-slot distributed winding (DW) are compared through finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. The simulation result shows that a reduced parasitic capacitance and increased CM impedance can be obtained by employing FSCW compared with DW. The Validation of the simulation result is carried out through a practical impedance measurement.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128736939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sizing and Locating Shunt Capacitors in a Voltage Constrained South African Distribution Network 在电压受限的南非配电网中并联电容器的尺寸和定位
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219907
Siyanda Ncwane, Lesley Arakkal, Ikageng G. Mokwena, Siphesihle G. Satimburwa
{"title":"Sizing and Locating Shunt Capacitors in a Voltage Constrained South African Distribution Network","authors":"Siyanda Ncwane, Lesley Arakkal, Ikageng G. Mokwena, Siphesihle G. Satimburwa","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219907","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage-constrained networks cannot integrate additional load without compromising the voltage quality. Resolving voltage-constraints requires solutions that can be implemented within a short time period so additional load can be integrated. As a result, there is a need to develop methodologies that can be used to solve voltage-constraints in networks. This paper presents a methodology to size and locate shunt capacitors in a voltage-constrained network. The methodology aims to maximise network capacity while minimising capital expenditure (CAPEX). The methodology is applied to a voltage-constrained 132 kV network in South Africa. The network has a peak demand of 155 MW but is found to have the capacity to supply demand of 91 MW during contingencies. To create adequate capacity that enables the network to supply the peak demand with the least CAPEX, the study found that 24 MVAR shunt capacitors should be located at two of the buses experiencing voltage instability.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116019915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Appropriate Surge Arrester Lead Lengths for Improved Distribution Transformer Protection — Kenyan Case Study 改善配电变压器保护的适当避雷器引线长度-肯尼亚案例研究
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219990
Julius Ndirangu, Peter Kimemia, Raphael Ndolo, J. Nderu, G. Irungu
{"title":"Appropriate Surge Arrester Lead Lengths for Improved Distribution Transformer Protection — Kenyan Case Study","authors":"Julius Ndirangu, Peter Kimemia, Raphael Ndolo, J. Nderu, G. Irungu","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219990","url":null,"abstract":"Medium voltage power networks are frequently exposed to overvoltages caused by lightning strikes and other external events. In the Kenyan distribution system, metal oxide surge arresters are widely used for surge protection of secondary distribution transformers. However, lightning strikes are still one of the major causes of secondary transformers failure in the network. A critical aspect in selection and application of surge arrestors is the surge arrestor lead length. The focus of this paper was calculation of the protective ratios of surge arresters with current typical lead lengths installed for surge arresters protecting distribution transformers in 11kV and 33kV networks in the Kenyan distribution system. Comparison was made with the guidelines of IEEE C62.22 on minimum protective ratios. Recommendations on appropriate surge arrester lead lengths that to guarantee the achievement of these minimum protective ratios are given. Recalculations to demonstrate adequacy of the recommendations were also carried out. This will lead to improved protection for distribution transformers against surges in the distribution network.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121154576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Thermoplastic Insulation System for Power Cables 电力电缆用热塑性绝缘系统
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219839
D. Wald, Famous O. Igbinovia, Pasi Raikisto
{"title":"Thermoplastic Insulation System for Power Cables","authors":"D. Wald, Famous O. Igbinovia, Pasi Raikisto","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219839","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is a thermosetting insulation material for power cable applications. It has the characteristic of not being easily recycled. Hence, the development of the polypropylene (PP) insulation technology. The non-crosslinking process of PP helps to maintain its thermoplastic nature. Thermoplastic is a recyclable insulation material for both Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) power cable project implementation. This research evaluates the thermoplastic insulated power cable, its production requirement, and installation. The thermo-plasticity, zero-degassing and recyclability attributes of thermoplastic insulation materials make it beneficial for both medium and high voltage power cable projects. Test results further confirm that thermoplastic insulated power cables are better and more reliable than the XLPE based insulation power cables.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126637709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Grid Electricity Generation Systems Comparisons Using the Life Cycle Carbon Emission Inventory 使用生命周期碳排放清单的电网发电系统比较
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219876
Enock Chambile, N. Ijumba, B. Mkandawire, Jean de Dieu Hakizimana
{"title":"Grid Electricity Generation Systems Comparisons Using the Life Cycle Carbon Emission Inventory","authors":"Enock Chambile, N. Ijumba, B. Mkandawire, Jean de Dieu Hakizimana","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219876","url":null,"abstract":"The study compared electricity generation systems using the life cycle carbon emission among the studied Kenyan, Rwandan and Tanzanian grids. The article presents the possible grid electricity generation mixes and purchase which can offer the lowest grid carbon emission. The developed inventory workbooks were adopted to account for residue carbon emissions related to the capacity survival lifetime, retired generation capacity, recycling rate and the current power trade planned in the study area. The current installed and operated grid electricity generation systems-process revealed to be a dominant emission factor in the studied grids. The study revealed the carbon reduction potential from the current grid-carbon emission upon the adoption of 100% renewable grid electricity generation mixes in the study area. The specific monitoring of the electricity generation capacity survival and retirement rates recommended for the future electrical science-policy research.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125352764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Impact Assessment and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks on Frequency Stability of Isolated Microgrid Using Virtual Inertia Control 基于虚拟惯性控制的网络攻击对孤立微电网频率稳定性的影响评估与缓解
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219790
A. Aluko, R. P. Carpanen, D. Dorrell, E. Ojo
{"title":"Impact Assessment and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks on Frequency Stability of Isolated Microgrid Using Virtual Inertia Control","authors":"A. Aluko, R. P. Carpanen, D. Dorrell, E. Ojo","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219790","url":null,"abstract":"The reliance of smart grids on modern communication infrastructure has increased the risk of cyber attacks in modern power systems. Time delay attack is a form of cyber attack that can have drastic effect on the frequency stability of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources because of the reduction in overall inertia of the power system. In this paper, a new virtual inertia control strategy that augments the conventional virtual inertia strategy with a virtual damper to reduce the impacts of time delay attacks on the load frequency control loop of the isolated microgrid is proposed. During time delay attack-when the frequency measurement from the phase measurement unit is delayed by an adversary, the proposed strategy provides better frequency control response with reduced oscillations and frequency deviation nadirs, thereby improving the security and stability of the microgrid.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"544 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133791900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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