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Impact Assessment and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks on Frequency Stability of Isolated Microgrid Using Virtual Inertia Control 基于虚拟惯性控制的网络攻击对孤立微电网频率稳定性的影响评估与缓解
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219790
A. Aluko, R. P. Carpanen, D. Dorrell, E. Ojo
{"title":"Impact Assessment and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks on Frequency Stability of Isolated Microgrid Using Virtual Inertia Control","authors":"A. Aluko, R. P. Carpanen, D. Dorrell, E. Ojo","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219790","url":null,"abstract":"The reliance of smart grids on modern communication infrastructure has increased the risk of cyber attacks in modern power systems. Time delay attack is a form of cyber attack that can have drastic effect on the frequency stability of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources because of the reduction in overall inertia of the power system. In this paper, a new virtual inertia control strategy that augments the conventional virtual inertia strategy with a virtual damper to reduce the impacts of time delay attacks on the load frequency control loop of the isolated microgrid is proposed. During time delay attack-when the frequency measurement from the phase measurement unit is delayed by an adversary, the proposed strategy provides better frequency control response with reduced oscillations and frequency deviation nadirs, thereby improving the security and stability of the microgrid.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"544 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133791900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Experimental Investigation of Incremental Conductance-based MPPT for PV Arrays 基于增量电导的光伏阵列MPPT实验研究
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219982
Nathan Chris Swanepoel, C. G. Richards, D. Okojie, P. Ehlers, A. Nnachi
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Incremental Conductance-based MPPT for PV Arrays","authors":"Nathan Chris Swanepoel, C. G. Richards, D. Okojie, P. Ehlers, A. Nnachi","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219982","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy has become increasingly important in recent times and the most abundant source of clean energy that people are migrating to is sunlight energy. To harness this energy, photovoltaic panels are deployed to convert solar energy into electrical energy. As a result, the PV arrays used are subjected to changing irradiance and temperature throughout the day. Similarly, the efficiency of the resultant power is significantly reduced if no control method is used to track the MPP at any given time. This paper presents an experimental investigation of an Incremental Conductance-based MPPT for PV arrays. The simulation and experimental data are processed, analyzed, and compared. From this comparison, a generalized observation emerges that the Incremental conductance algorithm improves the overall efficiency of the power system.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117315372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling of a Cost-Effective Implementation and Utilization Scheme for Micro-Hybrid Plants in Rural Areas: A Case of Mayukwayukwa, Zambia 农村地区微型杂交植物成本效益实施和利用方案的建模:以赞比亚Mayukwayukwa为例
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219877
Likonge Makai, S. Chowdhury, O. Popoola
{"title":"Modeling of a Cost-Effective Implementation and Utilization Scheme for Micro-Hybrid Plants in Rural Areas: A Case of Mayukwayukwa, Zambia","authors":"Likonge Makai, S. Chowdhury, O. Popoola","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219877","url":null,"abstract":"Energy plays a very important role in people's lives, at the same time it contributes to economic development and growth. A sustainable energy system, supplying clean, affordable and reliable energy, is required in line with almost 70% of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) - SDG7 in rural areas where energy poverty is prominent due to no energy access. A model and simulation of various energy source combinations were conducted using HOMER Pro Software with data collected from a survey done in Mayukwayukwa, Kaoma district in Zambia. A review of current energy scenario and electrification plans for Mayukwayukwa is discussed and evaluated and the aim is to demonstrate the economic viability of hybrid micro power plants using local resources and provide alternative energy solutions that would meet the end-users energy demand. Biomass-solar PV combination is found to be an affordable, reliable, sustainable and continuous clean energy for a micro hybrid power plant.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115429040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sizing and Locating Shunt Capacitors in a Voltage Constrained South African Distribution Network 在电压受限的南非配电网中并联电容器的尺寸和定位
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219907
Siyanda Ncwane, Lesley Arakkal, Ikageng G. Mokwena, Siphesihle G. Satimburwa
{"title":"Sizing and Locating Shunt Capacitors in a Voltage Constrained South African Distribution Network","authors":"Siyanda Ncwane, Lesley Arakkal, Ikageng G. Mokwena, Siphesihle G. Satimburwa","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219907","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage-constrained networks cannot integrate additional load without compromising the voltage quality. Resolving voltage-constraints requires solutions that can be implemented within a short time period so additional load can be integrated. As a result, there is a need to develop methodologies that can be used to solve voltage-constraints in networks. This paper presents a methodology to size and locate shunt capacitors in a voltage-constrained network. The methodology aims to maximise network capacity while minimising capital expenditure (CAPEX). The methodology is applied to a voltage-constrained 132 kV network in South Africa. The network has a peak demand of 155 MW but is found to have the capacity to supply demand of 91 MW during contingencies. To create adequate capacity that enables the network to supply the peak demand with the least CAPEX, the study found that 24 MVAR shunt capacitors should be located at two of the buses experiencing voltage instability.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116019915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy System Modeling Tools: Review and Comparison in the Context of Developing Countries 能源系统建模工具:发展中国家背景下的回顾与比较
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219798
Dawit Gebremeskel, Getachew Bekele, E. Ahlgren
{"title":"Energy System Modeling Tools: Review and Comparison in the Context of Developing Countries","authors":"Dawit Gebremeskel, Getachew Bekele, E. Ahlgren","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219798","url":null,"abstract":"Given the fact that there are a wide variety of models that are available for analysing energy systems, it is important to develop a comparative overview of the models in terms of several criteria, particularly their applicability to developing countries where unique features such as traditional energy consumption, informal economy, urban-rural divide, low electrification, poor performance of the power sector, supply shortage, data and skill needs, etc. should be considered. This paper presents a review and comparison of the most commonly used modeling tools for analysing energy and electricity system. It reviews the available literature and follows a systematic approach of classifying the alternative models that can serve as a guidance to select the most appropriate analytical tool, mainly when dealing with energy modeling and analysis for developing countries.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115304415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Appropriate Surge Arrester Lead Lengths for Improved Distribution Transformer Protection — Kenyan Case Study 改善配电变压器保护的适当避雷器引线长度-肯尼亚案例研究
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219990
Julius Ndirangu, Peter Kimemia, Raphael Ndolo, J. Nderu, G. Irungu
{"title":"Appropriate Surge Arrester Lead Lengths for Improved Distribution Transformer Protection — Kenyan Case Study","authors":"Julius Ndirangu, Peter Kimemia, Raphael Ndolo, J. Nderu, G. Irungu","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219990","url":null,"abstract":"Medium voltage power networks are frequently exposed to overvoltages caused by lightning strikes and other external events. In the Kenyan distribution system, metal oxide surge arresters are widely used for surge protection of secondary distribution transformers. However, lightning strikes are still one of the major causes of secondary transformers failure in the network. A critical aspect in selection and application of surge arrestors is the surge arrestor lead length. The focus of this paper was calculation of the protective ratios of surge arresters with current typical lead lengths installed for surge arresters protecting distribution transformers in 11kV and 33kV networks in the Kenyan distribution system. Comparison was made with the guidelines of IEEE C62.22 on minimum protective ratios. Recommendations on appropriate surge arrester lead lengths that to guarantee the achievement of these minimum protective ratios are given. Recalculations to demonstrate adequacy of the recommendations were also carried out. This will lead to improved protection for distribution transformers against surges in the distribution network.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121154576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Unlocking Utilities of the Future in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Optimization Analysis of Grid Integration Opportunities in Uganda 打开撒哈拉以南非洲未来的公用事业:乌干达电网整合机会的优化分析
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219965
Hannibal Tesfahunegn, Nneomma Nwosu, E. Lee, Rebekah Shirley
{"title":"Unlocking Utilities of the Future in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Optimization Analysis of Grid Integration Opportunities in Uganda","authors":"Hannibal Tesfahunegn, Nneomma Nwosu, E. Lee, Rebekah Shirley","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219965","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant electrification advances, around one billion people don't have access to basic electricity. In Uganda, 78% of the population is yet to be connected to electricity. This study uses publicly available data to compare the cost of different technology approaches and develops a least-cost electrification pathway for Uganda to meet its energy targets. It further explores how optimized electrification strategies may vary according to different targets of service level, reliability, and pace of access to highlight the tradeoffs of electrification approaches. The analysis shows that distributed renewable energy solutions (like mini-grid and standalone solar) have high potential for electrifying areas with lower grid density such as Northern Uganda. These findings leveling the playing field such as providing adequate finance to enable Uganda to capture the benefit from the expansion of DRE technologies.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124634981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Basics of Transmission Line Protection 传输线保护的基础知识
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219983
Nathan O. Mogaru
{"title":"The Basics of Transmission Line Protection","authors":"Nathan O. Mogaru","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219983","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission line protection schemes have evolved over the years. Direct connection of instrument transformer secondary wires to protection relays was mostly applicable to short transmission lines. In medium to long haul transmission lines this scheme was not feasible due to line signal attenuation caused by increased line impedance among other factors. Technological advances have provided unique solutions that have been deployed in a variety of transmission lines from short to long haul lines. This paper discusses how the use of microprocessor based protection relays and modern digital communication technologies have simplified transmission line protection. The paper also discusses line current differential and distance relaying schemes as applied to transmission line protection. Communication assisted tripping schemes will also be discussed and how they apply to distance relaying schemes.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114552095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Earth Grid Design for 400KV Neiuwehoop Substation Using CDEGS Platform 基于CDEGS平台的400KV纽霍普变电站地网设计
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219848
S. Ndhlamblenze, T. S. Hlalele
{"title":"Earth Grid Design for 400KV Neiuwehoop Substation Using CDEGS Platform","authors":"S. Ndhlamblenze, T. S. Hlalele","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219848","url":null,"abstract":"The earth grid design for substations is pivotal for substation design, particularly in high resistivity soil where resistance on the lowest layer is greater than the upper gradation soil. In this paper, a 400kV Neiuwehoop substation earth grid design is presented using Current Distribution Electromagnetic Field Grounding Soil Structure Analysis Software (CDEGS) platform. The four-electrode Wenner method is used to determine the soil resistivity distribution. For an estimated single-phase system fault current of 40kA at 0.5second, the touch potential design of $0 Omega$ and the foot resistance of $0.5mathrm{k} Omega$ are determined. The step potential of 262.6V and touch potential of 186.5V is found. The ground potential rise of 15.942kV relatively correlates with the calculated as well as measurements obtained.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122805110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Design and Monitoring of a Voltage battery sensor of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) by means of an Arduino 基于Arduino的不间断电源电压电池传感器的设计与监控
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219950
S. Kazadi, Mazibuko Thokozile, K. Ogudo
{"title":"Design and Monitoring of a Voltage battery sensor of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) by means of an Arduino","authors":"S. Kazadi, Mazibuko Thokozile, K. Ogudo","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219950","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we presents the design of a battery voltage sensor of an Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) by means of an Arduino board technology. The battery sensor senses the external battery voltage value and compares it with the dc charging voltage of an Uninterrupted Power Supply. An alarm is designed to notify the personnel, in the event that the two voltages do not match in terms of value compares. In most cases, UPS are equipped with sensors mainly to protect rectifier and inverter circuits without considering enough sensors to the battery circuit. These sensors make them reliable, stable as well as to alert the personnel for any abnormality in voltage level changes. This design was fascinated with proteus software application for the simulation of the UPS battery voltage sensor and the experimental setup, Protocol and Prototype built. The performance evaluation was achieved with the battery sensor implemented into the Uninterrupted Power Supply by means of an Arduino board technology to sense the battery voltage comparing it with the Uninterrupted Power Supply charging voltage. From the experimental results, the state of the battery charge (SOC) was monitored by the designed sensor, under charge and discharge condition in percentage (%), a range of 11.6 VDC and 12VDC was achieved respectively.","PeriodicalId":325937,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129898031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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