ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference最新文献

{"title":"Simple Method for DTS/DSS Data Interpretation: An Application to Pipeline Geotechnical Monitoring","authors":"F. Ravet, S. Chin, F. Briffod, E. Rochat","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5332","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Geotechnical monitoring based on optical fiber sensor technology has been used over more than a decade to detect hazards than can affect the integrity of pipelines. In particular when these sensors are implemented in the form of distributed temperature and strain sensors, respectively known as DTS and DSS, they provide information about hazard location and spatial extension. In addition, these sensors can capture the speed at which the event developing in particular when implemented as a permanent monitoring solution. So far these sensors were implemented as part of an alarming system detecting events such as landslides, erosion and subsidence. The current work aims at presenting simple method to extract additional information about the hazard such as the amplitude of the soil displacement in the case of landslides and subsidence or dirt cover for erosion. Estimation of stress in soil is also discussed based on the cable strain-stress relation obtained from the sensing cable qualification. The approach is validated by academic works conducted in parallel of the technology development. The method use is then illustrated by its application to field data collected from several events occurred over the past 10 years.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126621445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Element Modelling of a Series of Ground Displacement Episodes and Stress Relief Procedures","authors":"H. Karimian, P. Barlow, C. Blackwell, Chris Campbell","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5339","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Wapiti River South Slope (the Slope) near Grand Prairie, Alberta, Canada, is 500 m long and consists of a steep lower slope and a shallower upper slope. Both the upper and the lower slopes are located within a landslide complex with ground movements of varying magnitudes and depths. The Alliance Pipeline (Alliance) NPS 42 Mainline (the pipeline) was installed in the winter of 2000 using conventional trenching techniques at an angle of approximately 8° to the slope fall line. Evidence of slope instability was observed in the slope since 2007. The surficial geology of the slope comprises a colluvium layer draped over bedrock formation in the lower slope, and glacial deposits in the upper slope. Available data indicated two different slide mechanisms. In the lower slope, there is a shallow translational slide within a colluvium layer, and in the upper slope there is a deep-seated translational slide within the glacial deposits. Both the upper and lower slope landslides have been confirmed to be active in the past decade.\u0000 Gradual ground displacements in the order of several centimeters per year were observed in both the upper and lower slopes between 2007 and 2012. Large ground displacements in the order of several meters were observed between 2012 and 2014 in the lower slope that led to the first stress relief and subsequent slope mitigation measures in the spring and summer of 2014. Monitoring of the slope after mitigations indicated significant reduction in the rate of ground movement in the lower slope. Surveying of the pipeline before and after stress relief indicated an increase in lateral pipeline deformation in the direction of ground movement, following the stress relief. This observation raised questions regarding the effectiveness of partial stress relief to reduce stresses and strains associated with ground movements. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted in 2016 to aid in assessing the condition of the pipeline after being subject to ground displacements prior to 2014, stress relief in 2014, and subsequent ground displacement from July 2014 to December 2016. The results and findings of the FEA reasonably matched the observed pipeline behaviour before and after stress relief in the lower slope. The FEA results demonstrated that while the lateral displacement of the pipeline, originally caused by ground movement, increased following the removal of the soil loading during the stress relief, the maximum pipeline strain was reduced within the excavated portion.\u0000 The FEA was also employed to assess the pipeline response to potential ground displacement scenarios following December 2016. For this assessment, three ground displacement scenarios that comprise different lengths of the pipeline were analyzed. An increased rate of ground displacement, with a pattern that matched one of the analyzed scenarios, was observed in the upper slope in the spring of 2017. The results of FEA were used to assess the pipeline response to the increa","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117314994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Optimisation in Risk Reduction Management Based on Gross Disproportionation Concept","authors":"A. Marín, J. Hernandez","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5321","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gross Disproportionation concept is used as indicator once risk reduction measures are required. This indicator shows that a measure must be implemented if its cost (i.e. Capital Expenditure), is not grossly disproportionate if compared to benefits — represented by casualties suppression — reached by the measure. Due to this, a risk reduction measure is reasonable feasible unless its cost is highly disproportionate in comparison to its benefits.\u0000 In hydrocarbon transportation industry, benefits represent the avoided cost if threats take place; on the other hand, for risk mitigation cost estimation, the cost per casualty averted must be accounted. The latter, provides a global cost of the mitigation measure adopted in relation to the direct cost of construction, with the reduction of the level of risk (i.e. social risk) and with the expected design period for that measure. In this last concept, the higher the reduction in the level of risk or the longer the design period of the mitigation measure, the lower the cost per casualty averted, a fact that reflects an effective mitigation measure in terms of risk reduction and its durability.\u0000 This document shows, from a case study, how the application of the concept of grow disproportionation allows to select the type of optimal intervention over Ocensa’s pipeline, with the most favorable relation between cost and benefit, and the effective risk reduction level.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122918649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferences by Third Parties: The Challenge of the Construction of Highways on the Right of Way of Oil Pipelines — Case of Autopistas Del Nordeste-Ocensa","authors":"Corrales Cobos, Julian Javier","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5313","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of third world countries is surrounded by a thousand challenges, one of them is to increase and modernize the transport infrastructure to improve competitiveness in an increasingly interconnected world. Colombia in recent years has undertaken a titanic task of construction of highways to meet this purpose, have hired more than 8170 km of roads, however, this task generates a major challenge for the oil industry since the construction of these roads generates an unplanned interference with the hydrocarbon transport infrastructure that, if not handled correctly, can cause ruptures or damage in the pipelines and the consequent economic and environmental losses.\u0000 In 2015 the design of the highway that interconnects the municipalities of Remedios and Caucasia in the department of Antioquia began. This project was called Autopistas del Nordeste. The road was designed to pass through the Pocune river valley, however, the environmental licensing of this type of project requires the revision of the interference with other networks. It was found that the new road crossed the Ocensa pipeline at 26 points. The geographical conditions require the use of this small corridor by many lines, 2 pipelines (Ocensa and ODC), a 500 KV power line and, of course, the current tertiary route and the projected highway that connects these municipalities. The challenge is huge, in this article the project is described, the negotiation stages that have been necessary to carry out with the way to make compatible the projects and the threats that have been overcome in the constructive stage.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132480611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Control Through Evaluation of Catastrophic Scenarios","authors":"Amórtegui Gil, J. Vicente","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5312","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In sectors where pipelines cross areas exposed to severe hazards or where the consequences are serious, traditional analyses based on the Risk Analysis Matrix (RAM) do not reflect the effect of the works and actions taken for risk control. That condition induces the idea of ineffectiveness or uselessness of the works and actions taken for protection and reinforcement. In this paper, for those situations it is proposed the analysis of hypothetical scenarios to determine which of them can become catastrophic, in order to assess which situations can trigger a catastrophe, and in consequence to take actions regarding them and thus to avoid the catastrophic situation.\u0000 The suggested method consists in proposing scenarios of damages, corresponding an event of loss of product containment of a hydrocarbon transport system. In those scenarios, the following consequences of the oil spill are determined: the behaviour of the product, its route, the site of rupture, the possible threats that affect it, and the triggers of the threatening processes.\u0000 Critical or catastrophic scenarios are selected and the chain of events regarding them is determined as detailed as possible. When analysing that chain, it is possible to find actions that may modify it, such as the control of the route so that it does not reach the sensitive elements, the strengthening of the pipeline to bear the hazards, the reinforcement of the ground to prevent the action of the hazards and to avoid that the hazard takes place.\u0000 It must be determined how to protect the exposed elements and how to handle the spilled product to avoid the affectation of the elements mentioned above. For this point, it is important to know the infrastructure of the Contingency Plan and therefore to evaluate the possibility of strengthening it.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115623577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Geohazard Management Practice for South American Pipelines","authors":"M. Porter, E. Scordo, P. Barlow, D. Welkner, Miguel Leach","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5346","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pipeline geohazard management practices and technologies have evolved rapidly over the past 15 years in step with industry’s drive towards zero failures. This paper describes the evolution in geohazard management for pipelines since the early 2000’s and describes how technology and management practices are currently being adapted to accommodate South American site conditions and data sources. It ends by outlining a possible framework for industry, regulatory and academic collaboration within South America that offers the potential for another step-function improvement in pipeline safety.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132662923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Combined With a Critical Slope Monitoring Program Will Provide Early Detection of Slope Movement Along Pipeline Corridors","authors":"S. Borron, Martin P. Derby","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5333","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The transition of satellite InSAR technology to a ground-based system provides a proven risk reduction technology if combined with a critical slope monitoring (CSM) program. Together the technology with the active engagement of a defined program can detect the onset of slope displacement, acceleration, and provide a method to determine slope collapse. Recently, using the radar software, Guardian, and its ability to document surface velocity in intervals of 24-hours or less has allowed for the development of site-specific levels of rockfall risk.\u0000 The ground-based InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) systems and their near real-time capabilities allow for proactive and early warning monitoring. The technical requirements include the ability to operate 24/7 in all weather conditions, acquire data in near real-time, and visually present data in an interpretable format that requires no end user processing. Since slope failure without acceleration is unlikely, the rapid visual presentation of processed data becomes a crucial component for a CSM technology.\u0000 The definition of the CSM program not only requires short intervals for data acquisition, processing, and visual presentation but also requires a monitoring professional that can interpret and communicate changes in slope movement. A specific CSM technology requirement demands, acquiring data at a continuous interval of 2-minutes or less, 24 hours per day for the duration of the monitoring project. Also, the CSM technology must be able to transmit alarm messages at the moment thresholds are met, visually present data with various time series plots, including displacement, and velocity maps while acquired radar data is continuously updated and with no end-user processing. A site-specific document called a trigger action response plan (TARP) needs to be prepared at the start of any CSM project. Currently, only the IBIS-FM and ArcSAR radars developed by IDS (Ingegneria Dei Sistemi) GeoRadar can meet the technical requirements of the defined CSM technology.\u0000 During a CSM program, the short interval between each data acquisition provides two specific advantages. First, the short acquisition interval decreases interpolation, which automatically increases data confidence. Second, the short intervals also decrease the effects of atmospheric changes that are a part of all data acquisitions. Although the IBIS-FM and ArcSAR radar systems can operate in nearly all-weather conditions, sudden changes in local atmospheric conditions can still exhibit data effects. Both radar systems include active proprietary algorithms that account for ongoing atmospheric changes during acquisitions. In comparison, some remote sensing data acquired from, LIDAR, and total station technologies can be critically affected by sudden changes in local atmospheric conditions.\u0000 Combining the near real-time capabilities of an interferometric synthetic aperture radar system with a dedicated professional will decrease risk to ","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"97 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114000022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical Approach for Pipeline Geohazard Management","authors":"O. Huisman, M. Rizkalla, M. Tindall, Alejandro Reyes, Erika Santana","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5325","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Contamination of waterbodies as a result of hydrocarbon releases is one of the most undesirable events in our industry. Unfortunately, over the past few years, several major events have occurred around the globe, and geohazards have played a major role in many of these. Indeed, Pipeline Geohazard Management is a complex, multi-disciplinary process, heavily dependent on data integration and expert judgment. The current work presents a methodology that allows the identification of critical zones by assessing potential hydrocarbon release mechanisms that could affect waterbodies and adjacent areas, including: channel section pipeline failures, approach slope pipeline failures and spill path effects. The geological model is constructed based on datasets such as a digital elevation model (DEM), surficial geology and route geometry form. Additional datasets can also be derived to represent features such as drainage basins and slopes. The entire framework is being implemented on a data and integrity management platform that not only supports the integration of spatial, geological and general integrity management data (including multiple ILI data sets) but can also execute processes, such as stability analysis, and provide visualizations of results within a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment. Execution of semi-quantitative and quantitative risk assessments is also facilitated, as well as the elaboration of rehabilitation plans. To illustrate the methodology application and the platform capabilities, an anonymized, but real, case study is presented.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127687907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River Crossings: Developing a Mobile GIS Approach to Monitoring Activities","authors":"M. Carnicero, M. Vazquez","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5320","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 TGN operates a system of 9,000 kilometers of natural gas pipelines with numerous river crossings. According to the mandatory monitoring program, river crossings are visited at least once a year with additional visits for major rivers during the rainy season. Basic data such as depth of cover for each line, photographs and descriptions are surveyed in the field. Later on, this information is manually entered in an electronic form for its use in risk analysis, to evaluate the need of remediation works. This task has two main problems: first, it is very time consuming for surveyors, and second, it is difficult to know the location within the river crossing where data was taken. At the end, monitoring forms came late in the year and its information is difficult to understand. To cope with this problem, a new approach was developed. A GIS mobile application was developed and installed in tablets used in the field, guiding the surveyor through the completion of an electronic form along each pipeline, having a satellite image in the background, as a global reference of where he is standing. All the information is geo-referenced using a built-in GPS. Once it is finished, by means of a simple WIFI/4G connection, information is sent to GIS servers, without the need to be typed at the office. Later on, it is captured and placed into the monitoring form format. Specialists can access and evaluate this information from the database visualizing it in the corporate GIS with minimum delay. This improvement has resulted in a significant decrease in time for the entire data flow process and a better quality of the information gathered, which results in a more realistic risk analysis.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129109525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Data Collection Using GIS Technology for the Management of Geohazards and Third-Party Damage Threats in the Pipeline Transportation System of Natural Gas (NG) and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)","authors":"Karin Oviedo, J. Moya","doi":"10.1115/ipg2019-5304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5304","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Camisea Pipelines Transportation System (STD) owned by Transportadora de Gas del Peru (TGP) is operated and maintained by Compania Operadora de Gas del Amazonas (COGA). The system consists of two pipelines: a 730-kilometer long Natural Gas (NG) pipeline, which runs from the Upstream facilities in the Malvinas to the Receptor Station in Lurin (south of Lima), which has a loop in the area of Coast of 135 km in length and the Natural Gas Liquids pipeline (NGL) of 557 kilometers, which transports the condensed liquids from Malvinas to Pisco, on the coast of Peru.\u0000 In the first 210 km, it crosses a complicated zone of the Peruvian Amazon, between the kilometric poste (KP) 210 and KP 420, the sector of the mountain range is defined and between the KP 420 and KP 730, the coastal sector is located.\u0000 Due to the influence area and the project magnitude, solutions for many problems frequently require access to various types of information that can only be geographically related or by their spatial distribution. In this sense the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), provides the necessary tools to store and manage information using these references, thus allowing to analyze patterns of behavior, relationships and trends in information, all with the interest of contributing to the taking of better decisions.\u0000 Likewise, given the complicated geography on which the project is developed, as well as the populations dynamic, the threats of geohazards and damages by third parties respectively, require evaluations and field data collection on a permanent basis, this also because it is about threats that are independent of time and that represent the highest percentage of failures for the South American pipelines. In this sense, data collection using GIS technology allows users, through the use of previously established forms, to capture field information, as well as the corresponding photographic record. Also, during the data collection, users have at their disposal on their mobile devices relevant information that allows a more objective spatial and temporal analysis of a specific place. This information is synchronized with the GIS database of the organization and used in the evaluation of risks to the integrity of the pipelines.\u0000 This article describes the methodology for field data collection, using GIS technology, as well as the process of validation and publication of the data in the Geodatabase of the company and the benefits associated with having updated and available information to guarantee the best decision making.","PeriodicalId":325632,"journal":{"name":"ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}