Open Mind最新文献_第7页

Foreign Language Learners Show a Kinematic Accent in Their Co-Speech Hand Movements. 外语学习者在共语手动作中表现出一种动态重音。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2026-01-15 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.321

Hans Rutger Bosker, Marieke Hoetjes, Doenja Hustin, Wim Pouw, Lieke van Maastricht

{"title":"Foreign Language Learners Show a Kinematic Accent in Their Co-Speech Hand Movements.","authors":"Hans Rutger Bosker, Marieke Hoetjes, Doenja Hustin, Wim Pouw, Lieke van Maastricht","doi":"10.1162/OPMI.a.321","DOIUrl":"10.1162/OPMI.a.321","url":null,"abstract":"Humans typically move and vocalize in a time-synchronized fashion, aligning prominence-lending hand movements to acoustically emphasized syllables. This requires complex coordination. When speaking a foreign language, learners often place prominence on the wrong syllable in a word, which contributes to a noticeable foreign accent. In this pre-registered kinematic-acoustic study, we test whether a foreign accent is present in the timing of co-speech manual movements. Results demonstrate a 'kinematic accent' in Dutch learners of Spanish producing Spanish cognates (e.g., Spanish profeSOR - Dutch proFESsor). Dutch learners time the maximum extension of their co-speech movements closer to the prominent syllable in their native Dutch (i.e., on -fes), even when acoustically emphasizing the correct Spanish syllable (-sor). Conversely, when incorrectly acoustically emphasizing the Dutch target (-fes), the maximum extension of their hand movement is attracted to the Spanish target syllable (-sor). This reveals competing timing processes between movement and vocalization systems for foreign language learners, demonstrating that not only your spoken accent but also your co-speech manual kinematics may give away your native language.","PeriodicalId":32558,"journal":{"name":"Open Mind","volume":"10 ","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Efficient Communication Analysis of Modal Typology. 情态类型学的有效交际分析。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2026-01-15 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.313

Nathaniel Imel, Qingxia Guo, Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

{"title":"An Efficient Communication Analysis of Modal Typology.","authors":"Nathaniel Imel, Qingxia Guo, Shane Steinert-Threlkeld","doi":"10.1162/OPMI.a.313","DOIUrl":"10.1162/OPMI.a.313","url":null,"abstract":"The meanings expressed by the world's languages have been argued to support efficient communication. Across diverse semantic domains, crosslinguistic analyses show that natural language vocabularies are jointly optimized for two competing pressures: cognitive simplicity and informative communication. This paper applies an efficiency analysis to modals (e.g., can, ought, might), a central mechanism for talking about situations other than the here-and-now. We define and measure the simplicity and informativeness of a large number of logically possible modal systems, together with a sample of twenty-seven natural language inventories. We also consider a recently-introduced semantic universal for modal expressions in natural language, dubbed the Independence of Force and Flavor (IFF). Our analysis yields three main results: (i) every optimal modal system perfectly satisfies the IFF universal; (ii) as systems contain more IFF modals, they become more efficient; (iii) attested modal systems are more efficient than merely possible systems. These results indicate that general pressures for efficient communication can explain typological variation in the lexicalization of modality.","PeriodicalId":32558,"journal":{"name":"Open Mind","volume":"10 ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structured Episodic Event Memory 结构化情景事件记忆

Open Mind Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2601.06411

Zhengxuan Lu, Dongfang Li, Yukun Shi, Beilun Wang, Longyue Wang, Baotian Hu

引用次数: 0

From Stories to Cities to Games: A Qualitative Evaluation of Behaviour Planning 从故事到城市再到游戏：行为规划的定性评价

Open Mind Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2601.04911

Mustafa F. Abdelwahed, Joan Espasa, Alice Toniolo, Ian P. Gent

引用次数: 0

Most German Speakers Ignore the Cue That Best Predicts Plural Class. 大多数说德语的人忽略了最能预测复数班级的提示。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2025-12-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.320

Kate McCurdy, Timothy J O'Donnell, Adam Lopez, Sharon Goldwater

引用次数: 0

Predictability of the Retrieval Site Does Not Modulate Interference: Evidence From Reflexive Attraction. 检索地点的可预测性不会调节干扰：来自自反性吸引的证据。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2025-12-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.275

Maayan Keshev, Kaiva Hinkle, Matthew Wagers, Brian Dillon

{"title":"Predictability of the Retrieval Site Does Not Modulate Interference: Evidence From Reflexive Attraction.","authors":"Maayan Keshev, Kaiva Hinkle, Matthew Wagers, Brian Dillon","doi":"10.1162/OPMI.a.275","DOIUrl":"10.1162/OPMI.a.275","url":null,"abstract":"Syntactic dependency formation in comprehension is subject to retrieval interference that occurs when comprehenders need to activate stored information in memory to form and interpret a linguistic dependency. For example, retrieving a subject phrase to attach it to the verb might result in agreement attraction errors. It remains unclear whether this interference arises as part of routine dependency formation or as part of a repair mechanism that is activated when predictive dependency formation fails (e.g., Wagers et al., 2009). For example, it has been argued that reflexive anaphors resist attraction in comprehension because number/gender features of unpredictable elements are not associated with a strong 'prediction error' signal that might trigger retrieval-based and error-prone repair processes (Parker & Phillips, 2017). We test a version of the \"Error-driven Retrieval\" hypothesis by examining the interaction between reflexive attraction and the predictability of the anaphor. In two reading time experiments and one offline interpretation experiment, we find that the predictability of a reflexive dependency does not modulate its susceptibility to interference effects in comprehension. We propose that attraction is better captured as part of routine retrieval processes and that the (in)sensitivity of reflexives to structurally irrelevant distractors should be explained through other mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":32558,"journal":{"name":"Open Mind","volume":"9 ","pages":"2031-2065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12768552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semantic Representations Are Updated Across the Lifespan Reflecting Diachronic Language Change. 语义表征在整个生命周期中不断更新，反映了语言的历时性变化。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2025-12-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.315

Ellis Cain, Rachel Ryskin

{"title":"Semantic Representations Are Updated Across the Lifespan Reflecting Diachronic Language Change.","authors":"Ellis Cain, Rachel Ryskin","doi":"10.1162/OPMI.a.315","DOIUrl":"10.1162/OPMI.a.315","url":null,"abstract":"Humans learn the meanings of words from the contexts in which they are used. Patterns of language use change over time, suggesting that the contexts in which some words are experienced change across an individual's lifespan. Here, we investigated whether language users' semantic space changes in lockstep with changes in the language or whether it retains traces of historical language use/meanings. In two studies, we used distributional semantic word embeddings trained on corpora from different decades (HistWords) to capture meaning change at the level of the (English) language. We first compared these diachronic semantic spaces to the semantic spaces of individuals in different age cohorts (ranging from people in their 20s to people over 70) using an open dataset of associations norms (Small World of Words). Then, using HistWords, we sampled English words that have changed in meaning and words that have maintained the same meaning/usage patterns between the 1950s and the 1990s and collected relatedness judgments for those words with their nearest neighbors from each decade (1950s and 1990s) from both younger (18-33 years) and older (63-92 years) adults. Across the two studies, the semantic spaces of both older and younger adults were most strongly correlated with the semantic spaces derived from more recent corpora. We found little evidence of historical semantic spaces being differentially predictive of the semantic spaces of older adults relative to those of young adults. Our findings suggest that individuals continuously and rapidly update their lexico-semantic representations regardless of age, such that word meanings learned earlier in life are largely replaced with new meanings derived from later language experience.","PeriodicalId":32558,"journal":{"name":"Open Mind","volume":"9 ","pages":"2114-2148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12768554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shape Guides Visual Pretense. 形状引导视觉伪装。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2025-12-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.277

Peng Qian, Tomer D Ullman

引用次数: 0

The Role of Event Number and Duration in Time-Compressed Memory Replay. 事件数和持续时间在时间压缩记忆重放中的作用。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2025-12-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.276

Nathan Leroy, Arnaud D'Argembeau

{"title":"The Role of Event Number and Duration in Time-Compressed Memory Replay.","authors":"Nathan Leroy, Arnaud D'Argembeau","doi":"10.1162/OPMI.a.276","DOIUrl":"10.1162/OPMI.a.276","url":null,"abstract":"Remembering the unfolding of past experiences usually takes less time than their actual duration. In this study, we examined the extent to which this temporal compression in memory depends on the number and duration of events that need to be maintained in a sequence. Participants were asked to watch and then mentally replay short videos depicting one, two, or three continuous events (i.e., people performing continuous actions in an uninterrupted way), each lasting 3, 6, 9, or 12 s. Across two experiments, we computed indices of remembering duration and temporal compression for each event. Results showed that event remembering duration was close to the actual event duration for short events, but smaller for longer ones (i.e., temporal compression was not systematic but occurred selectively depending on event duration). Furthermore, events were mentally replayed more quickly when they were part of a sequence of several events than when they were presented alone, and this decrease in the duration of event recall with the number of events was more pronounced for longer events. Exploratory analyses revealed that individual differences in memory compression were predicted by visual imagery capacity. These results suggest that working memory capacity in representing naturalistic events is limited by both the number and duration of events to be retained, which may in part explain why the unfolding of events is temporally compressed in episodic memory.","PeriodicalId":32558,"journal":{"name":"Open Mind","volume":"9 ","pages":"2066-2091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12768557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Words and Worlds Both: Dynamic Effects of Distributional and Sensorimotor Information in Semantic Processing. 词与世界：语义加工中分布信息和感觉运动信息的动态效应。

Open Mind Pub Date : 2025-12-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1162/OPMI.a.316

Harshada Vinaya, Sean Trott, Diane Pecher, René Zeelenberg, Seana Coulson

{"title":"Words and Worlds Both: Dynamic Effects of Distributional and Sensorimotor Information in Semantic Processing.","authors":"Harshada Vinaya, Sean Trott, Diane Pecher, René Zeelenberg, Seana Coulson","doi":"10.1162/OPMI.a.316","DOIUrl":"10.1162/OPMI.a.316","url":null,"abstract":"An important issue in the semantic memory literature concerns the relative importance of experience-based sensorimotor versus language corpus-based distributional information in conceptual representations. To explore how each contributes to behavioral and neural responses on a conceptual task, EEG and RTs were recorded as healthy young adults viewed terms for concepts (e.g., \"APPLE\") followed by properties (e.g., \"red\") and pressed a button to indicate whether the property is true or false for the concept. Next, we constructed a series of mixed effects models of response times (RTs) and single-trial electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to the property words. Distributional models predicted data using semantic distance measures (e.g., between \"APPLE\" and \"red\") derived from language corpus-based measures developed by computational linguists. Sensorimotor models predicted data using sensorimotor distance, a measure based on comparisons of each word's experiential strength on the perceptual and action-effector dimensions from the crowd-sourced Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms. Statistical model comparison was used to determine whether the data was best fit by Distributional, Sensorimotor, or both sorts of information. In keeping with hybrid accounts of semantic memory, we find that both measures of semantic distance explained unique variance for behavioral and neural measures. Modelling EEG across seven successive 100-ms intervals revealed that the predictors' temporal dynamics varies between true (APPLE - red) and false (APPLE - black) trials, but showed early sensorimotor activation for both. Results show how linguistic context and task demands modulate the recruitment of different information sources, supporting dynamic hybrid accounts of semantic memory.","PeriodicalId":32558,"journal":{"name":"Open Mind","volume":"9 ","pages":"2149-2174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12768550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0