Forensic Chemistry最新文献_第2页

Elemental and isotopic profiling of potassium perchlorate salts for forensic explosives investigations 法医炸药调查用高氯酸钾的元素和同位素分析

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100666

I.M. van Damme , F.Y. Linzey , G.M.H. Brust , K. Haßler , C.D. van Dijk , A.E.D.M. van der Heijden , K.D.B. Bezemer , E. de Rijke , A.W.C. Hulsbergen , A.C. van Asten

{"title":"Elemental and isotopic profiling of potassium perchlorate salts for forensic explosives investigations","authors":"I.M. van Damme , F.Y. Linzey , G.M.H. Brust , K. Haßler , C.D. van Dijk , A.E.D.M. van der Heijden , K.D.B. Bezemer , E. de Rijke , A.W.C. Hulsbergen , A.C. van Asten","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the feasibility of using isotopic and elemental signatures for the source attribution of potassium perchlorate (KClO<sub>4</sub>) salts, which can play a significant role in forensic explosives investigations. A total of 41 different reference KClO<sub>4</sub> batches were analysed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. Rubidium was the only elemental impurity detected consistently across all reference batches. Combined with the oxygen isotopic composition, these features provide a discriminating power of 94 %. A score-based likelihood ratio (LR) system was developed also including concentrations of sodium, magnesium, chromium, and iron, which were detected in 69–98 % of the reference samples and showed significant variation between sources. The LR system employs Manhattan distance and kernel density estimation to model (dis)similarity across source comparisons. Five-fold cross validation results suggest the LR system effectively distinguishes between same-source and different-source pairs (C<sub>llr</sub> = 0.184) and can be used to report LR values of up to 74 (moderate support). Infrequently detected trace elements and chlorate concentrations allow for a more comprehensive interpretation of chemical profile analyses and should also be considered to uphold forensic integrity. A series of tests have established a reliable method for the reduction of KClO₄ to KCl for subsequent chlorine isotope ratio – mass spectrometry (<em>δ</em><sup>37</sup>Cl -IRMS) measurements, which could provide additional discriminating power. Further research is required to develop a scalable process that yields sufficient material for <em>δ</em><sup>37</sup>Cl-IRMS and to ensure that the sample preparation process yields reproducible <em>δ</em><sup>37</sup>Cl values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time monitoring and verification of scheduled-I chemicals in vapor phase combining chemical detector and SPME-GC 结合化学探测器和SPME-GC对气相中指定i类化学物质进行实时监测和验证

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100667

Madhav Varshney, Shiv Prakash Sharma, Abhay Narayan Yadav, Manorama Vimal, Rajkumar, Manisha Sathe, Vinod Kumar

{"title":"Real-time monitoring and verification of scheduled-I chemicals in vapor phase combining chemical detector and SPME-GC","authors":"Madhav Varshney, Shiv Prakash Sharma, Abhay Narayan Yadav, Manorama Vimal, Rajkumar, Manisha Sathe, Vinod Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We designed a vapor generator and interference mixing test setup that is reliable and stable to generate low-level standard vapors of CWAs with real-time monitoring and verification by combining a chemical detector, i.e., Flame Photometric Detector AP4C, and a gas chromatography with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) combining with solid phase microextraction (SPME). Nerve agents (GA, GB, GD, and GF) and blister agent (HD) vapors were generated by the gas generation system and studied at a concentration of 0.05 mg m<sup>−3</sup> and 1.0 mg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. The long-term vapor stability up to 6 h was monitored (<em>n</em> = 60), ranging from 0.041 to 0.048 mg m<sup>−3</sup> (CV, 1.5–2.7) and 1.193 mg m<sup>−3</sup> (CV, 1.13) for nerve and blister agents, respectively. Results were obtained at 0 %, 35 %, and 75 % RH values for all selected analytes and compared statistically and found significant. For SPME analysis at the optimized parameter, 1 min sampling time was enough to analyse the vapor concentration. The test setup is capable of mixing vehicle exhaust to mimic field conditions. Additionally, the assessment of Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metric tools highlights the eco-friendly approach of this method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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New perspectives on THCA decarboxylation and accurate GC–MS quantitation of Total THC in Cannabis using analyte protectants 使用分析物保护剂对大麻中THCA脱羧和总THC的GC-MS准确定量研究的新进展

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100668

Jerome Mulloor, Walter B. Wilson, Lane C. Sander

{"title":"New perspectives on THCA decarboxylation and accurate GC–MS quantitation of Total THC in Cannabis using analyte protectants","authors":"Jerome Mulloor, Walter B. Wilson, Lane C. Sander","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic and commercial laboratories rely on well-characterized analytical methods to accurately determine total tetrahydrocannabinol (total THC), which is the sum of decarboxylated tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC) in <em>Cannabis sativa</em> samples. The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 restricts the level of total THC allowed in <em>Cannabis</em> for classification as hemp for commercial purposes. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) is frequently employed for <em>Cannabis</em> measurements due to its simplicity and speed of analysis. However, several issues complicate the determination of total THC by GC–MS, which are well-documented but unresolved. In the current study, the origins of potential GC–MS method biases are investigated, and novel approaches are presented to mitigate interferences. The behavior of THCA and Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC during GC–MS analyses was studied extensively using test solutions containing their isotopically labeled analogs. A plant matrix effect was identified that significantly increased THCA and Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC responses for <em>Cannabis</em> extracts compared with calibrant solutions. A mechanism is proposed based on the interaction of THCA and Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC with silanols present on heated inlet surfaces. The use of active site blocking agents, known as analyte protectants, reduced these interactions and achieved suitable conditions for quantitation of total THC by GC–MS. When <em>Cannabis</em> plant extracts and calibrants were processed under the recommended conditions, the results were comparable to liquid chromatography with photodiode array (LC-PDA) analysis. The experimental findings ultimately provide evidence to explain the behavior of cannabinoids in the GC–MS system and offer new options for improving the accuracy of total THC measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Revealing novel ionic species and key forensic insights: comparative analysis of non-extracted seized tablets vs. corresponding extracts by DART-HRMS 揭示新的离子种类和关键的法医见解：用DART-HRMS对未提取的缉获片剂和相应的提取物进行比较分析

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100665

Alexandre Narcelli Pestana de Aguiar , Diego Rissi Carvalhosa , Francisco Radler de Aquino Neto , Gabriela Vanini

{"title":"Revealing novel ionic species and key forensic insights: comparative analysis of non-extracted seized tablets vs. corresponding extracts by DART-HRMS","authors":"Alexandre Narcelli Pestana de Aguiar , Diego Rissi Carvalhosa , Francisco Radler de Aquino Neto , Gabriela Vanini","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modern drug market encompasses a wide variety of chemical structures present simultaneously in individual matrices, making it nearly impossible to efficiently extract all substances using a single, standardized extraction procedure. Nevertheless, many of these substances hold forensic value and can assist forensic authorities in their investigative efforts. Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) is an ion source that has gained prominence due to its speed and ability to eliminate the need for sample extraction. However, unextracted solid analysis through DART can produce unknown ionic species, such as clusters and adducts, complicating result interpretation. This study qualitatively analyzed six seized tablets in both solid form and as extracts using direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS), employing a non-targeted approach to highlight key differences. The comparative analysis revealed that several synthetic impurities, adulterants, and contaminants—such as fentanyl analogues, N-MEC, N-formyl-MDA, and N-formyl-MDMA—were exclusively detected through the direct analysis of unextracted tablets, with some present solely in a cluster form. Additionally, previously unreported ionic species were identified. Direct analysis of unextracted matrices provided valuable information that was lost during sample extraction, while the phenomenon of cluster formation proved beneficial by enhancing the detection of analytes. The identified synthetic impurities elucidated the synthetic route used in the manufacture of the seized tablets, whereas specific adulterants and contaminants shed light on drug manufacturing practices. The identification of these impurities, adulterants, and contaminants exclusively through the direct analysis of unextracted solids demonstrates DART-HRMS's ability to provide quicker and more comprehensive chemical profiling of seized drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Flubromazepam positional isomers for forensic differentiation 氟溴西泮位置异构体法医鉴别分析

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100664

Evelyn S. Ligon , Ariel N. Parker , Ashley Braxton , Stefan France , B. McKay Allred

引用次数: 0

Electrodeposition of redox materials with potential for enhanced visualisation of latent finger-marks on brass substrates and ammunition casings. 电沉积氧化还原材料，具有增强黄铜基材和弹壳上潜在手印可视化的潜力。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100663

Colm McKeever, Eithne Dempsey

{"title":"Electrodeposition of redox materials with potential for enhanced visualisation of latent finger-marks on brass substrates and ammunition casings.","authors":"Colm McKeever, Eithne Dempsey","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical methods can play a key role in the analysis of impression evidence, specifically, latent finger-marks on brass substrates and ammunition casings, the latter being commonly encountered at crime scenes in forensic casework. In adopting such techniques, forensic investigators can potentially overcome some of the challenges associated with traditional visualisation methods, the use of aggressive reagents, preservation of evidence integrity and the need for extensive sample preparation. The spatially selective deposition of conducting/redox active polymers for visualising latent finger-marks on typically low-yield brass ammunition casings is examined here, exploiting the electrodeposition of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), together with a first-time study of phenozine vs. phenothiazine monomers, and their combinations at sheet and cartridge brass. Fine tuning of electrochemical protocols and conditions together with optimised monomer feedstocks played a key role in the finger-mark visualisation quality achieved with insights into brass electrochemistry. EDOT-thionine emerged consistently as the most effective combination upon electrochemical deposition on brass sheets, revealing latent finger-marks (groomed) at the highest level of detail (level 3), including pores within the papillary ridges, using a low energy, rapid (<em>t</em> = 120 s) constant potential (<em>E</em><sub>app</sub> = 0.1 <em>V</em> vs Ag|AgCl) approach. Successful visualisation of groomed and natural (donor) latent finger-marks was achieved following exposure of brass to temperatures of 700 °C and > 15-month room temperature aging. Bespoke electrochemical cells designed to facilitate the use of ammunition casings as working electrodes produced excellent results via potential sweeping, resulting in pristine visualised latent finger-marks (groomed) of grade 3 quality with visible level 3 (> 50 %) features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of the expert algorithm for substance identification (EASI) to the electron ionization (EI) mass spectra of fentanyl isomers and analogs 物质鉴定专家算法（EASI）在芬太尼异构体和类似物电子电离质谱中的应用

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100660

Alexandra I. Adeoye , Glen P. Jackson

{"title":"Application of the expert algorithm for substance identification (EASI) to the electron ionization (EI) mass spectra of fentanyl isomers and analogs","authors":"Alexandra I. Adeoye , Glen P. Jackson","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fentanyl analogs (fentalogs) share many structural and mass spectral similarities that make them difficult to differentiate and accurately identify without chromatographic data. In such situations, the expert algorithm for substance identification (EASI) provides superior classification relative to conventional approaches. Using a database of >57,000 replicate electron-ionization mass spectra of 76 fentalogs from ten laboratories, three challenging sets of isomers were studied in detail. To maximize limits of detection, only the 20 most abundant ions were considered. In each case, 50 % of the data from one laboratory served as the training set. On average, the mean absolute residuals between measured and modeled abundances of known positives were five times smaller using EASI than the consensus approach, which used the means of training sets as the exemplar spectra to which all query spectra were compared. With a conservative threshold of zero false positives, EASI identified isovalerylfentanyl from its two closest isomers with an accuracy of 96.7 %, which was ∼10 % better than the consensus approach. The associated positive likelihood ratios increased from 366 for the consensus approach to more than 4,200 for EASI. When discriminating isovalerylfentanyl spectra from the other 72 fentalogs, EASI provided errorless results with a positive likelihood ratio exceeding 50,000. For all 9 fentalogs, EASI outperformed the consensus approach and the use of Mahalanobis distance as a metric for identifying outliers. In the absence of retention time information, EASI improves confidence in drug identifications, enables inter-laboratory identifications, and reduces the need for acquiring concomitant spectra of standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isotope fractionation during synthesis of methamphetamine from propiophenone, NaNO2 and dimethyl carbonate 丙烯酮、NaNO2和碳酸二甲酯合成甲基苯丙胺的同位素分馏

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100661

Brendan M. Miller , James F. Carter , Sarah L. Cresswell , Wendy A. Loughlin , Peter N. Culshaw

{"title":"Isotope fractionation during synthesis of methamphetamine from propiophenone, NaNO2 and dimethyl carbonate","authors":"Brendan M. Miller , James F. Carter , Sarah L. Cresswell , Wendy A. Loughlin , Peter N. Culshaw","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ephedrine remains a key precursor in the production of methamphetamine. A novel ephedrine-based route to methamphetamine involved the nitrosation of propiophenone to α-isonitrosopropiophenone, followed by catalytic hydrogenation to phenylpropanolamine (± − norephedrine). Cyclization-methylation of phenylpropanolamine to 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone using dimethyl carbonate, followed by basic hydrolysis or catalytic hydrogenolysis formed ephedrine or methamphetamine, respectively.</div><div>An investigation into the stable isotope fractionation during the synthesis of methamphetamine from propiophenone, NaNO<sub>2</sub> and dimethyl carbonate was performed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. A negative isotopic shift was observed for <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N upon nitrosation of propiophenone to α-isonitrosopropiophenone, and a negative isotopic shift for <em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H during catalytic hydrogenation of α-isonitrosopropiophenone to phenylpropanolamine. Minimal change in <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C was observed throughout the reaction until the methylation step with dimethyl carbonate, where a negative isotopic shift was observed.</div><div>The <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values for the methamphetamine presented in a similar range to methamphetamine reported in previous work where the norephedrine/norpseudoephedrine was prepared <em>via</em> different starting materials (benzaldehyde and nitroethane), confirming that similar <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values will result from fractionation during methylation with dimethyl carbonate regardless of the origin of the norephedrine/norpseudoephedrine. Chiral analysis confirmed methamphetamine to be racemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rescuing fluorescence with steric hindrance: Perylene diimide based powder for latent fingerprint imaging 具有空间位阻的挽救荧光：苝二亚胺基粉末用于潜在指纹成像

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100662

Rajdeep Kaur, Navjot Kaur, Prabhpreet Singh

引用次数: 0

A UHPLC-(ESI)MS/MS method for the determination of the psychedelic secondary metabolite mescaline in San Pedro (Trichocereus spp.) and its applicability for screening mescaline in other cacti varieties. 建立了一种hplc -(ESI)MS/MS法测定圣佩德罗（Trichocereus spp.）致幻次级代谢物美斯卡灵的含量及其在其他仙人掌品种中筛选美斯卡灵的适用性。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100659

Pragna Gaur , Liam Engel , Damian Robert Hall , Cheang Khoo , Jerome Sarris , Daniel Perkins , Chun Guang Li , Mitchell Low

{"title":"A UHPLC-(ESI)MS/MS method for the determination of the psychedelic secondary metabolite mescaline in San Pedro (Trichocereus spp.) and its applicability for screening mescaline in other cacti varieties.","authors":"Pragna Gaur , Liam Engel , Damian Robert Hall , Cheang Khoo , Jerome Sarris , Daniel Perkins , Chun Guang Li , Mitchell Low","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commencements of clinical trials of psychedelic therapies for intractable forms of mental illnesses have drawn increased public attention to plants containing psychedelic substances. Whilst the psychoactive alkaloid mescaline has limited clinical trials, the San Pedro (<em>Trichocereus</em> spp.) cacti from which it is found have a long history of Indigenous medical and spiritual use. Traditional use remains licit in some jurisdictions, as supervised psychedelic dosage is typically regarded as tolerable with reports of only mild intoxications and few persisting negative psychological effects. However, mescaline concentration in ornamental San Pedro is highly variable, introducing risk of unintentional low or high dosage if misdirected for illicit use. This paper reports a validated UHPLC-(ESI)MS/MS method for the convenient and rapid quantification of mescaline in San Pedro, and for screening twelve potentially untested cacti. Preliminary results indicated that there may be higher amounts of mescaline in the chlorenchyma than the parenchyma of San Pedro. While six cacti lacked detectable mescaline, our screening enabled the first quantifications of mescaline in two varieties of <em>Echinopsis subdenudata</em> from 36 μg g<sup>−1</sup> to 2.45 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. Chemotaxonomically, this amount of mescaline in a species from the traditional <em>Echinopsis</em> genus further suggests that the <em>Trichocereus</em> genus is not distinct and may support their contested combination into a single genus. Forensically, the identification of a popular ornamental cactus that was previously not known to contain mescaline demonstrates the need for routine screening of other cacti for the forensic sciences to remain ahead of emerging trends in psychedelic drug use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0