Forensic Chemistry最新文献_第10页

TATP: Preparation, characterisation and first tests of canine training aids 犬类训练辅助工具的准备、特性和首次测试

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100409

L. Jeunieau, B. Simoens, M.H. Lefebvre

引用次数: 1

A validated method for the analysis of sugars and sugar alcohols related to explosives via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with post-column addition 一种经验证的柱后添加液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)分析与炸药有关的糖和糖醇的方法

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100404

Yu-Hsuan Tsai , Chia-Wei Tsai , Christopher A. Tipple

{"title":"A validated method for the analysis of sugars and sugar alcohols related to explosives via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with post-column addition","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Tsai , Chia-Wei Tsai , Christopher A. Tipple","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2022.100404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2022.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of eleven sugars and sugar alcohols was performed via liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. A method for the separation of the sugars and sugar alcohols, with the specific emphasis on the separation of the isomeric pair sorbitol/mannitol, was developed. The method was validated, with the following studies included: limit of detection, stability, interference, and ionization suppression. The limits of detection ranged from 9.2x10<sup>-3</sup> mM for maltitol up to 2.3 mM for erythrose (3.2 ppm up to 2.8 x10<sup>2</sup> ppm). The sugars and sugar alcohols were tested at low and high concentrations over 5 days for their stability. Most of the sugars were stable for at least two days at the high concentration, while 6 were stable at the low concentration indicating the need to analyze promptly. An interference study was conducted with nitrated sugars present, which may be present in the forensic application for which the method is intended. There was no interference observed from either mannitol hexanitrate (MHN) or erythritol tetranitrate (ETN). Finally, the effect of a sample collection matrix was evaluated for its potential to either suppress or enhance the analytical signal from the sugars and sugar alcohols. There was no significant enhancement/suppression observed, at high or low concentration, for any analyte except fructose. A field trial was made of forensic samples which demonstrated the potential of the procedure. The method was successfully used for the analysis of six post-blast samples, which indicated the presence of at least one sugar/sugar alcohol in five of those samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2413852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Analytical Methods for Herbal Products Containing Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Review 含合成大麻素的草药产品分析方法综述

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100396

Sachil Kumar , Tulsidas R. Baggi

{"title":"Analytical Methods for Herbal Products Containing Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Review","authors":"Sachil Kumar , Tulsidas R. Baggi","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2021.100396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) have received considerable attention in the recent years. Most of these SCs are potent cannabinoid receptor agonists that were initially developed to carry out scientific research but were lately hijacked by the illegal clandestine drug operators. SCs psychoactive effects, along with their dubious legitimate status, have made them notoriously attractive for clandestine recreational purposes. Many SC-containing products are labelled “Not for Human Consumption” in an effort to bypass regulation that prohibits the selling and manufacturing of such substances for human usage. SCs solutions are splashed onto herbal stuff and marketed as “herbal incense” worldwide. JWH-073, JWH-018, and CP 47,497, along with their C6, C7, and C8 analogs were the very first SCs detected by following the exploratory forensic analysis of seized botanical materials and street drugs. The number of these psychoactive compounds have grown over time, and appeared in the market as street drugs. These include numerous diverse classes of compounds having psychotropic properties which were characterized and identified. Governments all over the world are taking measures to prohibit and regulate these drugs of abuse. As many of these compounds are not included in the present drug laws they are posing serious legal problems for their effective control. As the forensic laboratories are receiving seized samples of this category for analysis, the knowledge and methodology of their analysis has become the urgent need of the hour. The objective of this paper is to review the analytical methodologies developed and adopted for the analysis of the SCs in herbal products for the benefit of forensic community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2200191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A review on the current methods of methamphetamine remediation, their limitations, and chemical degradation techniques that have been investigated 综述了目前甲基苯丙胺的修复方法、局限性和已研究的化学降解技术

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100399

Alexandra Mayer, Gordon Miskelly

{"title":"A review on the current methods of methamphetamine remediation, their limitations, and chemical degradation techniques that have been investigated","authors":"Alexandra Mayer, Gordon Miskelly","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2022.100399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2022.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contamination of residential properties with illicit drug residues, notably methamphetamine, has been identified as a public health concern. There is little global consensus on the most effective method to determine the extent of contamination within a property and effectively remediate a contaminated property. This review covers current practises for methamphetamine remediation and identifies areas in which further research is required to adequately assess the risk to public health. Information in this review comes from peer reviewed journal articles, online databases and websites, and chemical safety data sheets. A brief discussion of current methamphetamine remediation policy in New Zealand is provided, together with the rationale behind its development. An evaluation of the chemical contamination signature from methamphetamine abuse is provided, followed by an assessment of current decontamination methods, addressing limitations which impact their efficacy. Novel chemical decontamination strategies and areas of further research are also identified and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2200192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of organic and inorganic gunshot residues in various populations using LC-MS/MS 用LC-MS/MS评价不同人群中有机和无机枪弹残留物

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100389

William Feeney , Korina Menking-Hoggatt , Luis Arroyo , James Curran , Suzanne Bell , Tatiana Trejos

{"title":"Evaluation of organic and inorganic gunshot residues in various populations using LC-MS/MS","authors":"William Feeney , Korina Menking-Hoggatt , Luis Arroyo , James Curran , Suzanne Bell , Tatiana Trejos","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2021.100389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigated the prevalence of organic and inorganic gunshot residue within two main subpopulations, 1) non-shooters, including groups with low- and high-risk of potentially containing GSR-like residues, and 2) individuals involved in a firing event (shooters, bystanders, and shooters performing post-shooting activities). The study analyzed over 400 samples via a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology with complexing agents. Exploratory statistical tools and machine learning algorithms (neural networks, NN) were used to evaluate the resulting mass spectral and quantitative data. This study observed lower occurrences of OGSR compounds in the non-shooter populations compared to IGSR analytes. The presence of GSR on authentic shooters versus other potential sources of false positives, such as bystanders and professions including police officers, agricultural workers, and mechanics, were further assessed by utilizing machine learning algorithms trained with the observed OGSR/IGSR traces. The probability of false negatives was also estimated with groups who performed regular activities after firing. Additionally, the low-risk background set allowed documentation of GSR occurrence in the general population. The probabilistic outputs of the neural network models were utilized to calculate likelihood ratios (LR) to measure the weight of the evidence. Using both the IGSR and OGSR profiles, the NN model’s accuracy ranged from 90 to 99%, depending on the subpopulation complexity. The log-LR histograms and Tippet plots show the method can discriminate between each sub-population and low rates of misleading evidence, suggesting that the proposed approach can be effectively used for a probabilistic interpretation of GSR evidence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1797385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing a comprehensive analytical protocol for forensic sexual lubricant analysis – Part 1: Implementing a sexual lubricant database for forensic casework 为法医性润滑剂分析制定全面的分析方案。第1部分:为法医案件工作实施性润滑剂数据库

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100403

Brooke Baumgarten , Santana Thomas , Nancy Flynn , Mark Marić , Nogc Ty Nguyen , Liansheng Tang , Candice Bridge

{"title":"Developing a comprehensive analytical protocol for forensic sexual lubricant analysis – Part 1: Implementing a sexual lubricant database for forensic casework","authors":"Brooke Baumgarten , Santana Thomas , Nancy Flynn , Mark Marić , Nogc Ty Nguyen , Liansheng Tang , Candice Bridge","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2022.100403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2022.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increased use of condoms may be one reason why there is a reduced potential of finding DNA evidence in sexual assault cases. This dilemma has led to research in other trace evidence, such as sexual lubricants. In the absence of DNA, the analysis of trace lubricant residue may aid in connecting the suspect to the victim and/or crime scene. In this study, 162 samples from different lubricant manufacturing types were analyzed and classified based on the components identified in the sample. This study developed FTIR, GC–MS, and DART-HRMS methods and protocols that can be used to analyze samples and identify lubricant components for forensic purposes. Neat and solvent extracts of samples were analyzed in triplicate via the DART-HRMS and FTIR; however, only the extracts were analyzed by GC–MS in triplicate. Multivariate statistical techniques included hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, Fisher's ratio, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to characterize the lubricants to develop a comprehensive classification scheme for the lubricants. The classification scheme was tested using an internal dataset and an external independent test set to evaluate the accuracy of the developed model(s) for unknown samples. The classification scheme developed from this study and provided along with the database will allow analysts to classify unknown lubricants and lubricant residues found at crime scenes using analytical results from the aforementioned instruments. This research will aid in classifying unknown sexual lubricants based on components indicative of a particular class.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2019032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Headspace sampling of smokeless powder odor in a dynamic airflow context 动态气流环境下无烟粉末气味的顶空采样

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100402

Shawna F. Gallegos , Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa , Nathaniel J. Hall , Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann

{"title":"Headspace sampling of smokeless powder odor in a dynamic airflow context","authors":"Shawna F. Gallegos , Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa , Nathaniel J. Hall , Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2022.100402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2022.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological detection is leveraged within the fields of security screening and criminal investigations. Military and law enforcement personnel utilize canine teams in a range of different applications to detect explosives and narcotics. Due to the ever-changing materials encountered during routine field operations, it is imperative to have an optimal training regimen reflective of current target odor needs. Hence, the chemical understanding of target odor concentrations and subsequent means of odor delivery are essential in canine team training. Using double base smokeless powder as the target odor, this study evaluates the feasibility of presenting an explosive odor using an olfactometer. Furthermore, this study bridges instrumental validation for confirmation and understanding of odor chemical composition as well as persistence of odor over time. Instrumental parameter optimization included analysis of optimal solid phase microextraction fiber chemistry of target odor as a function of peak area response using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Studies were conducted directly over the headspace of the target odor and using the olfactometer as the dynamic airflow device for comparison purposes. Previously established volatile organic compounds from smokeless powders were detected, and comparison between non-airflow vs. airflow sampling was achieved. Results indicate a polyacrylate (PA) SPME fiber is optimal for specific detection of diphenylamine when subjected to dynamic airflow. Furthermore, sampling of “blank” trials following an odor trial indicated no residual contamination via instrumental verification. Persistence of odor volatile over a nine-week period of active olfactometer sampling showed decrease concentration, thus the need for consistent monitoring for optimal canine use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3070349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Validation of a feature-based likelihood ratio method for the SAILR software. Part II: Elemental compositional data for comparison of glass samples SAILR软件基于特征的似然比方法的验证。第二部分:玻璃样品比较的元素成分数据

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100385

Jonas Malmborg , Anders Nordgaard

{"title":"Validation of a feature-based likelihood ratio method for the SAILR software. Part II: Elemental compositional data for comparison of glass samples","authors":"Jonas Malmborg , Anders Nordgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2021.100385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SAILR is open-source software designed to calculate forensic likelihood ratios (LR) from probability distributions of reference data. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate validation of a multivariate feature-based LR method for SAILR using compositional data on glass fragments. Validation was performed using designated performance characteristics, e.g., accuracy, discrimination, and calibration. These characteristics were measured using performance metrics such as cost of the log likelihood ratio and equal error rate. The LR method was developed simultaneously to a baseline method having features less discriminating, but being better aligned with the normality assumption for within-source variation. The baseline method served as the floor of acceptable performance. The results showed that the available data supported LR methods using three elemental features or less. Best performance was obtained using calcium, magnesium, and silicon. The within-source variation in elemental features was slightly leptokurtic (heavy-tailed), violating the assumption of normality. The data were therefore normalized using Lambert W transformation and the performance of the LR method using normalized data was compared with that using non-normalized data. Although performance improved with normalization, the difference was small. Limits of LR output were set to 1/512 ≤ LR ≤ 158 using the empirical lower and upper boundaries (ELUB) LR method. This limited range was primarily a consequence of notable within-source variation. By passing the tests of normality and outperforming the baseline method, the method was considered valid for use in SAILR for data relevant to the background data set, using the defined range of LRs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2413855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Raman spectroscopy of fingerprints and chemometric analysis for forensic sex determination in humans 指纹拉曼光谱和人类法医性别鉴定的化学计量分析

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100395

Marco A. Souza , Alexandre Silva Santos , Sebastião William da Silva , Jez Willian Batista Braga , Marcelo Henrique Sousa

引用次数: 5

Effect of environmental conditions on the performance of fentanyl field detection tests 环境条件对芬太尼现场检测试验性能的影响

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100394

Brian C. Hauck , Patrick C. Riley , Brian S. Ince

{"title":"Effect of environmental conditions on the performance of fentanyl field detection tests","authors":"Brian C. Hauck , Patrick C. Riley , Brian S. Ince","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2021.100394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Illicit fentanyl is a well known contributor to the ongoing opioid crisis. The ability to take either protective action or administer medical countermeasures can be predicated on the ability to detect even minute concentrations. For this reason, a fast, accurate, and cost effective method for fentanyl detection in the field is necessary. State of the art methods tend to be large and expensive powered electronics that limit their wide dissemination. Alternative methods of detection include laminar flow immunoassays (LFIs) and colorimetric indicators. Many of these tests have been evaluated for potential field use under laboratory conditions. However, none of these studies have evaluated them under environmentally relevant conditions, mainly temperature and humidity, that may be encountered in the field. These environmental conditions may affect the limits of detection or cross reactivity of the test, and ultimately the user’s interpretation of and response to the result. Here we assess the effect of five environmental conditions on the responses of two LFI tests and one colorimetric test to six fentanyl analogues and five cross reactivity standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1740967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5