Forensic Chemistry最新文献_第10页

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines in illicit drug samples 液相色谱串联质谱法分析非法药物样品中53种苯二氮卓类药物的建立和验证

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100512

Heather D. Whitehead , Kathleen L. Hayes , James A. Swartz , Marya Lieberman

{"title":"Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines in illicit drug samples","authors":"Heather D. Whitehead , Kathleen L. Hayes , James A. Swartz , Marya Lieberman","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines, including various designer benzodiazepines, was developed. The developed method was applied to a total of 79 illicit street drug samples collected in Chicago, IL. Of these samples, 68 (84%) had detectable amounts of at least one benzodiazepine. Further, of the 53 benzodiazepines included in the developed method just 14 were measured in samples. Clonazolam, a potent designer benzodiazepine and derivative of clonazepam, was the most frequently measured benzodiazepine in 63% of samples and was measured in the highest concentrations. Other benzodiazepines measured in more than 10% of samples included clonazepam, alprazolam, flualprazolam, and oxazepam. Mixtures of benzodiazepines were frequently measured in samples, with just 24% of samples containing just one benzodiazepine. To determine the response of benzodiazepines on a rapid, point-of-use drug checking tool, all 53 benzodiazepine standards were screened on a lateral flow immunoassay benzodiazepine test strip. Sixty eight percent of standards gave a positive BTS response at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, demonstrating BTS have response to a wide variety of benzodiazepines, including many designer benzodiazepines. A comparison of this data to previous data reported for the same samples demonstrated all samples containing a benzodiazepine also had an opioid present, with fentanyl being present in 94% of benzodiazepine samples. These results highlight high rates of polysubstance drug presence in Chicago, IL illicit drug samples, posing an increased risk of drug overdoses in people who use drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10358349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1636410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concentration of ignitable liquid residue from simulated fire debris by dynamic vapor microextraction: Sensitivity to instrument settings and debris characteristics 用动态蒸气微萃取法从模拟火灾碎片中提取可燃液体残留物的浓度:对仪器设置和碎片特性的敏感性

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100511

Jennifer L. Berry , Mary E. Gregg , Amanda A. Koepke , Reta Newman , Kavita M. Jeerage

{"title":"Concentration of ignitable liquid residue from simulated fire debris by dynamic vapor microextraction: Sensitivity to instrument settings and debris characteristics","authors":"Jennifer L. Berry , Mary E. Gregg , Amanda A. Koepke , Reta Newman , Kavita M. Jeerage","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Dynamic vapor microextraction (DVME) is a potential </span>method for the extraction and concentration of ignitable liquid (IL) residue in fire debris. This low flow rate, purge-and-trap headspace concentration method collects IL vapors onto a chilled adsorbent capillary and recovers them by elution with acetone. As an emerging method for fire debris analysis, the sensitivity of DVME performance to instrument settings has yet to be established and, additionally, the effect of variability inherent in authentic fire debris (e.g., water content) has not yet been explored. In this work, we quantitatively evaluate the effect of </span>11 factors via a sensitivity analysis with simulated fire debris. The factors studied included six controllable instrument settings and five reflecting debris characteristics. We quantified performance by covariance mapping between gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) retention time – ion abundance matrices for the recovered eluates and corresponding reference samples. Six factors were found to be significant. IL volume, IL weathering, and debris quantity significantly affected the recovered eluates, whereas water content did not. As related to recovering IL residue from simulated fire debris, recommended instrument settings include a higher oven temperature, longer equilibration time, larger volume of extracted headspace (collection volume), and a lower inlet flow rate. Together with the covariance mapping metric, the fractional factorial design successfully addressed questions about the effect of instrument factors, debris factors, and their interactions with an efficient number of experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1754093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines in illicit drug samples. 液相色谱串联质谱法分析非法药物样品中53种苯二氮卓类药物的建立和验证。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4393461

Heather D. Whitehead, Kathleen L. Hayes, James F. Swartz, Marya Lieberman

{"title":"Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines in illicit drug samples.","authors":"Heather D. Whitehead, Kathleen L. Hayes, James F. Swartz, Marya Lieberman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4393461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4393461","url":null,"abstract":"An LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines, including various designer benzodiazepines, was developed. The developed method was applied to a total of 79 illicit street drug samples collected in Chicago, IL. Of these samples, 68 (84%) had detectable amounts of at least one benzodiazepine. Further, of the 53 benzodiazepines included in the developed method just 14 were measured in samples. Clonazolam, a potent designer benzodiazepine and derivative of clonazepam, was the most frequently measured benzodiazepine in 63% of samples and was measured in the highest concentrations. Other benzodiazepines measured in more than 10% of samples included clonazepam, alprazolam, flualprazolam, and oxazepam. Mixtures of benzodiazepines were frequently measured in samples, with just 24% of samples containing just one benzodiazepine. To determine the response of benzodiazepines on a rapid, point-of-use drug checking tool, all 53 benzodiazepine standards were screened on a lateral flow immunoassay benzodiazepine test strip. Sixty eight percent of standards gave a positive BTS response at a concentration of 20 μg/mL, demonstrating BTS have response to a wide variety of benzodiazepines, including many designer benzodiazepines. A comparison of this data to previous data reported for the same samples demonstrated all samples containing a benzodiazepine also had an opioid present, with fentanyl being present in 94% of benzodiazepine samples. These results highlight high rates of polysubstance drug presence in Chicago, IL illicit drug samples, posing an increased risk of drug overdoses in people who use drugs.","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45933060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Degradation dynamics of cuticular hydrocarbons of empty puparia in forensically important blow fly Lucilia sericata in soil and under room conditions: Insights and machine learning applications 在土壤和室内条件下，具有重要法医意义的丝光绿蝇空蛹表皮碳氢化合物的降解动力学:见解和机器学习应用

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100519

Swaima Sharif , Cora Wunder , Mohd Kaleem Khan , Jens Amendt , Ayesha Qamar

{"title":"Degradation dynamics of cuticular hydrocarbons of empty puparia in forensically important blow fly Lucilia sericata in soil and under room conditions: Insights and machine learning applications","authors":"Swaima Sharif , Cora Wunder , Mohd Kaleem Khan , Jens Amendt , Ayesha Qamar","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Empty puparia, remnants of blow fly larvae cuticles, aid in estimating long-term post-mortem intervals. Assessing alterations in cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) composition provides insights into environmental effects on their degradation, enabling age estimation methods for empty puparia found at the crime scene. The current study aimed to investigate the temporal variations of five predominant CHCs of empty puparia of <em>Lucilia sericata</em> (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The study was conducted over six months (180 days) under controlled conditions, comparing the storage of puparia in soil and non-soil pupation medium (room conditions). The five CHCs investigated are- n-pentacosane, n-hexacosane, n-heptacosane, n-octacosane, and n-nonacosane. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze the cuticular hydrocarbons after they were extracted in hexane. The findings indicated that the degradation rate of CHCs was influenced by the surrounding environment, with more rapid degradation observed in soil conditions compared to room conditions. This suggests that soil can impact the weathering process of empty puparial cases. To predict the age of the puparial cases, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) analysis was conducted based on the concentrations of hydrocarbons. The SVM models demonstrated promising performance in age prediction, exhibiting high R-squared values and low prediction errors. By highlighting the influence of environmental factors on CHC degradation and demonstrating the efficacy of SVM models in age prediction, this study lays the groundwork for further exploration and development of CHCs as valuable tools in forensic and ecological research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92069719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel standard for forensic elemental profiling of polymers by LA-ICP-TOF-MS LA-ICP-TOF-MS法鉴定聚合物元素谱的新标准

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100515

Mirjam de Bruin-Hoegée , Jorien Schoorl , Peter Zoon , Marcel J. van der Schans , Daan Noort , Arian C. van Asten

{"title":"A novel standard for forensic elemental profiling of polymers by LA-ICP-TOF-MS","authors":"Mirjam de Bruin-Hoegée , Jorien Schoorl , Peter Zoon , Marcel J. van der Schans , Daan Noort , Arian C. van Asten","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastic materials are often found on crime scenes in improvised explosive devices. Determining the trace-elemental composition of polymer parts may yield discrimination between samples from different sources. Although quantitative laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is well established for forensic glass analysis, the lack of sufficiently reproducible and homogeneous reference standards hampers accurate quantification of trace elements in polymers. Therefore, the present study introduces a new standard for quantitative elemental profiling of polymers. A novel approach was developed for producing polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) standards containing 23 elements at three concentrations. The LA-ICP-TOF-MS measurements showed excellent linear response with R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99 for almost all elements and polymer matrices. Additionally, homogeneity was significantly improved to an average of 10% within-, and 17% between-sample variation. PVC and PE matrices presented the best homogeneity which was confirmed by line ablations. The added value of the standards was demonstrated by evaluating a set of realistic forensic polymer evidence items. The between-run variation was substantially reduced from 42% in absence of calibration to 30% when correcting with an elemental internal standard and even to 24% when applying the novel standards. In addition, its discriminating power between different classes was increased, as demonstrated by ANOVA and principal component analysis. In conclusion, this study shows the feasibility of using a novel standard for quantitative analysis of chemical attribution signatures of trace elements in polymers by LA-ICP-TOF-MS. The use of the polymer standards significantly improves classification and forensic comparison of polymer-based evidence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1636411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyst and machine learning opinions in fire debris analysis 火灾碎片分析中的分析师和机器学习观点

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100517

Frances A. Whitehead , Mary R. Williams , Michael E. Sigman

{"title":"Analyst and machine learning opinions in fire debris analysis","authors":"Frances A. Whitehead , Mary R. Williams , Michael E. Sigman","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The principles of subjective logic are applied to the competing propositions that ignitable liquid residue (ILR) is present, or is not present, in a fire debris sample. Analysts’ estimates of the strength of evidence coupled with their perceived levels of uncertainty combine to define a “fuzzy category” that is mapped to an opinion triangle. The opinion is expressed as a tuple consisting of the belief mass, disbelief mass, uncertainty and base rate. A workflow is introduced to guide the analyst through the fuzzy category formulation. Opinion tuples are also generated from a set of machine learning (ML) models trained on an ensemble of data sets. A set of 20 single-blind fire debris samples were analyzed by each of the authors, and by an ensemble of optimized support vector machine models. The opinions of each analyst and the ML ensemble were compared and combined to obtain an opinion representing a consensus of each analyst and the ML. The opinions of the analysts and ML were projected onto the zero-uncertainty axis and the projected opinion probabilities were used as scores to construct an receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the ROC curves for each analyst were greater than or equal to 0.90 and the area under the ML ROC curve was 0.96. The methodology is widely applicable to forensic problems that can be represented as a pair of mutually exclusive and exhaustive hypotheses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47310062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of latent fingerprints – A review 潜在指纹的研究综述

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100525

Francisco M. Gomes , Claudio Martin Pereira de Pereira , Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti , Thieres Magaiver Pereira , Nayara Araujo dos Santos , Wanderson Romão

{"title":"Study of latent fingerprints – A review","authors":"Francisco M. Gomes , Claudio Martin Pereira de Pereira , Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti , Thieres Magaiver Pereira , Nayara Araujo dos Santos , Wanderson Romão","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Fingerprints have two fundamental characteristics that allow human identification in an unequivocal way, uniqueness, and immutability. Due to these characteristics, they have been used as a tool in the criminal sphere, producing elements that indicate the presence of one or more suspects at a crime scene. Latent fingerprints are invisible to the naked eye and require prior treatment to be developed. Latent fingerprint developers are important because they react with the organic or inorganic secretions in the </span>fingertips<span><span> by chemical reactions or intermolecular interactions<span><span>, such as hydrogen bonds<span> and Van Der Waals forces. Thus, this review approaches the historical-scientific evolution of fingerprint expertise, the fingerprint formation process, and its classification according to Juan Vucetich, the first to use fingerprints to individualize prisoners. The three main fingerprint development techniques (powder, </span></span>ninhydrin<span>, and cyanoacrylate technique) were also discussed, as well as new perspectives for the use of natural substances as latent fingerprint developers (Seaweed, Spice, and Chalcones), which contain low levels of toxicity and socio-environmental sustainability. Finally, the advancement in the use of mass spectrometry to study fingerprint residues is highlighted, thus bringing additional information about the individual, such as the use of </span></span></span>drugs of abuse, condom </span></span>lubricants<span><span>, and medications, as well as information about the composition </span>chemistry of the LFP, enabling a new perspective in the investigation of the crime scene.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92069720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-site detection and laboratory verification of the presence of nerve agent biomarkers using dried blood spots 现场检测和实验室验证使用干血点神经毒剂生物标志物的存在

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100526

Mirjam de Bruin-Hoegée , Alex Fidder , Tomas van Groningen , Marcel J. van der Schans , Daan Noort , Arian C. van Asten

{"title":"On-site detection and laboratory verification of the presence of nerve agent biomarkers using dried blood spots","authors":"Mirjam de Bruin-Hoegée , Alex Fidder , Tomas van Groningen , Marcel J. van der Schans , Daan Noort , Arian C. van Asten","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of biomedical samples is important for the investigation of the alleged exposure to chemical warfare agents. The present study aims to use dried blood spots for portable detection and laboratory verification of organophosphate poisoning. After in-vitro incubation of blood with Novichok A-230, A-232 and A-234 and sarin, a volume of 25 and 50 µL was spotted on a protein saver card. Subsequently, the dried spots were extracted and analyzed by a mobile cholinesterase test kit. In addition, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was isolated and digested by pepsin followed by analysis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The fluoride-activated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) and LC-MS/MS. It was found that the CWA induced cholinesterase inhibition was remarkably stable in dried blood spots. Even after at least one month storage under ambient conditions, the same linear reduction was visible as function of nerve agent exposure. Additionally, nonapeptide adducts were identified by LC-MS/MS one month after exposure. Also, intact Novichok nerve agents and regenerated sarin were observed by GC–MS/MS. In addition to the stability of the sample, important benefits of the proposed method include the less invasive sample collection and safer and easier shipping and storage conditions. In conclusion, this study shows the feasibility of using on-site detection and state-of-the-art laboratory analysis of dried blood spots for unambiguous verification of nerve agent exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468170923000620/pdfft?md5=58d5cef5a1d5732cee9bde848a373a29&pid=1-s2.0-S2468170923000620-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43570223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Optimization and validation of the fast blue BB (FBBB) screening test for the detection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in oral fluid 口腔液体中δ -9-四氢大麻酚(Δ9-THC)快速蓝BB (FBBB)筛选试验的优化与验证

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100514

Roberta Gorziza, Nicole Valdes, Marilyn Tinoco, Jose Almirall

{"title":"Optimization and validation of the fast blue BB (FBBB) screening test for the detection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in oral fluid","authors":"Roberta Gorziza, Nicole Valdes, Marilyn Tinoco, Jose Almirall","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fast blue BB test (FBBB) colorimetric test has been previously validated for the differentiation between marijuana-type and hemp-type cannabis plants. Individuals under the influence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) may be impaired to perform activities such as driving and the rapid, on-site detection of recent use of Δ9-THC could help to prevent traffic accidents. The current study describes, for the first time, the optimization and validation of the FBBB color test from oral fluid (OF) for field use. The FBBB reaction with Δ9-THC forms a red chromophore and a bright red fluorophore that is visualized with a portable fluorescence reader under UV light. The test was optimized for a miniaturized reaction on a 6.3 mm diameter glass fiber filter spot. The limit of detection (LOD) was established as 0.5 µg/mL or 500 ng/mL of Δ9-THC in OF (5 ng of Δ9-THC on the spot) by fluorescence detection. Other figures of merit include linearity in the 0.5–10 µg/mL range, acceptable precision (9.6–28% RSD) and an accuracy of ± 23.2–56.2%. Results from interference studies using different OF collection devices and substances are reported. Interferences might also occur when minor cannabinoids (CBD, CBN, CBG, and Δ8-THC) and Δ9-THC metabolites (THC-COOH and THC-OH) are also present in the matrix. Pre-loaded FBBB reagent is stable on the substrate when stored below 4 °C for 15 days and the color and fluorescence persist on the spot for at least 30 days post reaction. Future studies include development of an OF extraction procedure coupled to a prototype device for field application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1824846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conjunctive use of mineralogy and elemental composition for empirical forensic provenancing of topsoil from Canberra, Australia 结合矿物学和元素组成对澳大利亚堪培拉表层土壤进行实证法证溯源

IF 2.7 3区医学

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2023.100524

Michael G. Aberle , Ulrike Troitzsch , James Robertson , Jurian A. Hoogewerff

{"title":"Conjunctive use of mineralogy and elemental composition for empirical forensic provenancing of topsoil from Canberra, Australia","authors":"Michael G. Aberle , Ulrike Troitzsch , James Robertson , Jurian A. Hoogewerff","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The capability to spatially triage geographical areas as low and high interest has the potential to provide valuable information as forensic intelligence to law enforcement operations, and related provenancing applications. Among others, our previously published work has largely been based on the elemental composition of topsoil samples, omitting other potentially useful compositional characteristics, such as mineralogy, that have proven valuable in forensic casework discriminations. In this contribution, a total of 334 topsoil (0–5 cm sampling depth; 0–75 µm fraction) samples collected from the Canberra region in Australia, were selected from a larger collection (n = 685) and their bulk mineralogy determined using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Utilising an existing casework technique for discriminating soils by mineralogy, a total of twelve diagnostic peaks were selected representing commonly occurring minerals. Peak intensities were normalised relative to the sum of their intensities and used to create an indicative mineralogy dataset for the study region. Based on an existing algorithm for assigning investigative analytical similarities from overlapping areas between two Cauchy distributions, the provenance was estimated for thirteen blind topsoil samples. Provenance maps based on the mineralogy were subsequently combined with earlier elemental-based predictions, incorporating contrasting discriminatory capabilities from both techniques. Results indicate the mineralogical component of topsoils can provide accurate provenance predictions, and when combined with those based on the elemental composition, can further delineate areas as low interest that otherwise would not necessarily be differentiated from one technique alone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0