Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science最新文献_第5页

Soil mineral nitrogen availability to young maize plants as related to root length density distribution and fertilizer application method 玉米幼苗土壤矿质氮有效性与根长、密度分布和施肥方式的关系

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1996-09-01 DOI: 10.18174/njas.v44i3.546

J. Schröder, J. Groenwold, T. Zaharieva

{"title":"Soil mineral nitrogen availability to young maize plants as related to root length density distribution and fertilizer application method","authors":"J. Schröder, J. Groenwold, T. Zaharieva","doi":"10.18174/njas.v44i3.546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/njas.v44i3.546","url":null,"abstract":"Minirhizotron observations from 4 experiments in 1992 and 1993 with maize on a sandy soil in the Wageningen Rhizolab, Netherlands, showed strong vertical and lateral root density gradients during the first 9 weeks after emergence. Root length density (Lrv), as determined in core samples 9 weeks after emergence, was positively related (P <0.01) to the number of roots counted concurrently on minirhizotron walls (n). Lrv:n ratios were 1.13, 1.76, 0.99 and 1.21 cm/cm in the successive experiments. Subsequently, root numbers counted on previous dates in each experiment, were converted into root length density values and related to thermal time. According to this relation, the average vertical root extension rates were 0.7 and 1.1 cm/d at temperatures of 13 and 16 degrees C, respectively. Corresponding values for the lateral extension rate were 1.0 and 1.6 cm/d. Calculations showed that the nitrogen (N) content of a 9 weeks old maize crop could not be explained by mass flow only. Transport distances between roots and mineral N in the soil, may have restricted the availability of N as suggested by preferential uptake of mineral N from soil compartments with a high root length density. The recovery of N was only slightly improved by fertilizer N positioning close to the plant as compared to broadcast N or placement of N halfway between the rows. Recoveries based on the difference method and the isotopic dilution method, yielded similar values. Dry matter yields were not significantly affected by the application method of N. Apparently, the root extension rate and the initial availability of N in the soil prior to the application of fertilizer-N, were sufficient to cover shoot demand under the prevailing circumstances.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128435017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Effect of nitrogen availability on dry matter production, nitrogen uptake and light interception of Brussels sprouts and leeks 氮素有效性对抱子甘蓝和韭菜干物质生产、氮素吸收和光截获的影响

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.18174/NJAS.V44I1.554

R. Booij, A. Kreuzer, A. Smit, A. Werf

{"title":"Effect of nitrogen availability on dry matter production, nitrogen uptake and light interception of Brussels sprouts and leeks","authors":"R. Booij, A. Kreuzer, A. Smit, A. Werf","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V44I1.554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V44I1.554","url":null,"abstract":"In field experiments with Brussels sprouts (cv. Kundry) and leeks (cv. Arcona) on a sandy soil, DM production and N uptake during crop growth were studied at different N application rates. N fertilizer application rate affected DM production, leaf area expansion and N uptake more strongly in Brussels sprouts than in leeks. When all N was applied before transplanting, Brussels sprouts showed a higher recovery of N fertilizer than leeks. This was explained by a higher rate of DM production in Brussels sprouts, a consequence of faster leaf area expansion. Late N application, whether as a part of a split application or not, increased N uptake more than DM production, so that tissue N concentrations increased. The relationship between N uptake and DM production depended on N availability and crop growth stage, and if all N was applied before transplanting, the relationship could be described by an asymptotic function. Plant plasticity allowed 'luxury consumption' of N to take place when availability was ample and 'dilution' of N when shortages developed during later growth stages. This implied an increasing tissue N concentration with increasing N application and a decreasing N concentration with increasing age. To achieve near-maximum DM production at any time, tissue N concentration should be kept at 2.8-3.1% DW during the whole growing period for Brussels sprouts as well as for leeks. However, in Brussels sprouts a minimum concentration of 1.2-1.5% DW still allowed growth. In both crops N uptake increased linearly with LAI until maximum leaf area (LAI = 4-5) was reached and this relationship was not affected by N application rate or by experimental year. Irrespective of N application rate or species, 2.3 g above ground biomass per MJ intercepted radiation was produced. Therefore, measurement of radiation interception by the canopy can be used as a tool to estimate the N status of the crop.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131297145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on nitrogen uptake of cauliflower and on nitrogen in crop residues and soil at harvest 施氮量及施氮方式对菜花氮素吸收及收获期作物残茬和土壤氮素的影响

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.18174/njas.v44i1.557

A. Everaarts, C. D. Moel, M. Noordwijk

{"title":"The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on nitrogen uptake of cauliflower and on nitrogen in crop residues and soil at harvest","authors":"A. Everaarts, C. D. Moel, M. Noordwijk","doi":"10.18174/njas.v44i1.557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/njas.v44i1.557","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the method and rate of nitrogen application on the efficiency of nitrogen utilization by cauliflower were studied during 2 seasons and at 4 locations. Maximum nitrogen uptake by the crop was ~310 kg/ha. Uptake of nitrogen was influenced neither by the method of application (band placement vs. broadcast) nor by splitting the applications (twice vs. once). The utilization efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen rates. Independent of the amount of nitrogen applied, ~50% of the nitrogen taken up in the above-ground plant parts was removed from the field with the product. The amount of soil mineral nitrogen at harvest increased with an increase in nitrogen applied, but was not significantly influenced by band placement. With broadcast application, more nitrogen was sometimes found between the rows as compared to in the row. With band placement at the highest fertilizer rate, considerably more nitrogen was found where the fertilizer had been placed. The 'loss' of nitrogen from the crop/soil system during cultivation increased with increased availability of nitrogen. At the optimum application of nitrogen fertilizer ~100-120 kg/ha of nitrogen remained in crop residues and ~50-80 kg/ha in the soil (0-60 cm). Practical implications for the reduction of loss of nitrogen from crop and soil after harvest are discussed.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134405304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Effects of nitrogen on accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 1. Brussels sprouts. 氮对蔬菜干物质和氮积累和分配的影响。1. 球芽甘蓝。

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1995-12-01 DOI: 10.18174/njas.v43i4.564

H. Biemond, J. Vos, P. Struik

引用次数: 24

The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on the yield of cauliflower 施氮量及施氮方式对花椰菜产量的影响

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1995-12-01 DOI: 10.18174/NJAS.V43I4.563

A. Everaarts, C. D. Moel

引用次数: 20

Effects of nitrogen on accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 3. Spinach 氮对蔬菜干物质和氮积累和分配的影响。3.菠菜

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1995-12-01 DOI: 10.18174/NJAS.V44I3.547

H. Biemond, J. Vos, P. Struik

{"title":"Effects of nitrogen on accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 3. Spinach","authors":"H. Biemond, J. Vos, P. Struik","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V44I3.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V44I3.547","url":null,"abstract":"Four greenhouse and 2 field experiments (the latter on a sandy soil) were carried out with different amounts and dates of N application to analyse the dynamics of dry matter and N accumulation in spinach (cv. Trias). Frequent measurements were carried out on dry matter and N accumulation in leaf blades, petioles and stems. The total accumulation of dry matter and N differed largely among and within experiments. Increasing N application increased yield of dry matter and N accumulation, whereas splitting N applications had much smaller effects. However, the partitioning of dry matter and N proved insensitive to N treatments. Harvest indices for dry matter (about 0.67) or N (about 0.74) of crops at a marketable stage were fairly constant over treatments and experiments. Increasing or splitting the N application affected N accumulation more than dry matter production, resulting in large effects on N concentrations. The lack of variation in response to N for different N regimes facilitates the development of N application techniques aimed at high yield, high quality and reduced emissions. The organic N concentration of leaf blades and petioles decreased with leaf age, although in most experiments this decrease was smaller at higher leaf numbers. The nitrate-N concentration decreased with increasing leaf number at any sampling date; it was higher when N was abundant. High yields in autumn crops were associated with high nitrate concentrations but also with potentially high losses of N.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117086256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Nitrogen effects in sugar beet growing: a module for decision support 甜菜生长中的氮效应:决策支持模块

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1995-12-01 DOI: 10.18174/njas.v43i4.562

A. Smit, P. Struik, J. H. Niejenhuis

{"title":"Nitrogen effects in sugar beet growing: a module for decision support","authors":"A. Smit, P. Struik, J. H. Niejenhuis","doi":"10.18174/njas.v43i4.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/njas.v43i4.562","url":null,"abstract":"PIEteR, a field-specific production model for sugarbeet in the Netherlands, is described. The model was developed as a basis for decision support, for example in determining N fertilizer requirements. Root and sugar yields, sugar content, (K + Na) and alpha -amino-N contents, extractability index, operating receipts (a measure for financial returns) and residual nitrogen in leaves are modelled as function of N availability, defined as (N-fertilizer rate + Nmin, 0-60 cm (soil, February)), and included in PIEteR as a so-called 'N-module'. Analysis of experimental data showed that root and sugar yield were optimal at 240 and 200 kg N ha-1, respectively. Sugar content and extractability index decreased, and (K + Na) and alpha -amino-N contents and fresh leaf yield increased with increasing N-availability. The operating receipts were optimal with 180 kg ha-1, or with a nitrogen fertilizer rate of 130 kg ha-1, assuming an Nmin-amount in soil in February of 50 kg ha-1. The results of the analysis were the basis for the functions in the N-module. In an independent test on data of 100 fields, the prediction errors for root and sugar yields and financial results decreased by about 2% and the explained variances increased by about 15% by including the N-module.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134493077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Requirement of young pigs for apparent ileal digestible tryptophan 仔猪表观回肠可消化色氨酸需要量

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.18174/njas.v43i3.567

J. B. Schutte, A.J.M.A. Verstraten, N. Lenis, J. D. Jong, J. V. Diepen

引用次数: 12

Labour research on automatic milking with a human-controlled cow traffic 人工控制奶牛车自动挤奶的人工研究

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.18174/njas.v43i3.566

B. Sonck

引用次数: 19

Protein evaluation of cattle compound feeds: comparison of in sacco measurements and tabular values 牛复合饲料的蛋白质评价:甘蔗测量值和表格值的比较

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.18174/NJAS.V43I3.568

J. D. Boever, J. Vanacker, D. Bogaerts, C. Boucqué

引用次数: 17