Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Incentive Systems for Salmonella Control in Pork Production","authors":"G. Backus, R. King","doi":"10.3921/978-90-8686-705-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3921/978-90-8686-705-9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Today's business environment is characterized by challenges of strong global competition where companies tend to achieve leanness and maximum responsiveness to customer demand. Lean supply chain networks are vulnerable to all kind of disruptions. For food supply chain networks (FSCNs), due to their inherent characteristics on the one hand and increased level of complexity, dynamics and uncertainty on the other hand, this vulnerability is even stronger. Therefore, methods are needed to design FSCNs in a robust way, i.e. they should be a ble to continue to fu nction in the event of disruption as well as in normal business environment. Methodology/approach: We conducted a systematic search in scientific literature up to 2008, also including books, monographs, doctoral theses and working papers. We searched in databases Scopus, Scirius and Google Scholar and defined the relevant keywords and criteria for article selection. Next, we performed content analySiS of all selected articles. The main criterion for article selection was a definition or explanation of the word 'robust' or 'robustness: In the end we selected 60 publications of which 35 publications were related to supply chain management (SCM) issues. Findings: In this paper a review is given of how the concept of robustness is perceived in scientific literature and how it is modeled. Focus is on the FSCN context, but due to available literature we also explore neighboring fields. We conclude that supply chain network (SCN) robustness should be more precisely defined and related to certain business key performance indicators (not only to financial ones) to guide SCN improvement programs. Next to that, there is a need for a systematic overview of (re)design strategies that may improve SCN robustness (and considers all elements of SCN design) and a list of appropriate criteria to support the selection of the right strategy in a speCific case. Practical implications: FSCN have become more vulnerable to uncertainties in the external environment. Increased insight in the concept of robustness can help businesses to mitigate the risks and design robust SCNs. Originality/value: The design of robust SCNs is getting more and more attention in literature but also in practice. There is a need for clear definitions and redesign s trategies to cope with the increased uncertainty, complexity and dynamics. This paper presents a new overview of the current state of understanding regarding the concept of robustness.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114717161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Resources and Challenges of Sustainable Forest Management and Conservation in Ethiopia","authors":"D. Teketay, M. Lemenih, T. Bekele, Y. Yemshaw, S. Feleke, W. Tadesse, Y. Moges, T. Hunde, D. Nigussie","doi":"10.4324/9781849776400-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849776400-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132355643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Plantation Forests in Fostering Ecological Restoration: Experiences from East Africa","authors":"M. Lemenih, F. Bongers","doi":"10.4324/9781849776400-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849776400-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"25 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132089391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem networks: a spatial concept for integrative research and planning of landscapes","authors":"P. Opdam","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-5363-4_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5363-4_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133730678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limits to intensity of milk production in sandy areas in The Netherlands.","authors":"H. Aarts, B. Habekotté, H. Keulen","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.465","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural land in sandy areas is mainly in use by dairy farms. As a result of intensive fertilisation and irrigation, environmental quality is threatened by lost nutrients and lowered groundwater levels. Therefore, Dutch government put decreasing limits to losses of nutrients, with lowest values for well-drained sandy soils. Besides, use of groundwater for irrigation will be restricted. Reducing milk production per hectare can be effective to reduce nutrient losses but is costly, as is the increase of output of nutrients by exporting manure. Improved resource management, leading to reduced inputs per kg milk, might be a more attractive option to realise both environmental and economic goals. This paper describes a procedure to quantify the impact of management on the limits of milk production per hectare on well-drained sandy soils, at defined maximum levels of permitted nutrient losses. The procedure has been applied to a range of farming systems, in order of increasing complexity of nutrient management. It is concluded that current average milk production intensity (12,400 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) has to be reduced drastically if farm management is not successful in increasing the conversion of dietary N (into milk and body weight) and the re-use of N in manure. On the other hand, results suggest that an intensity of almost 15,000 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) should be attainable by best farmers.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124654561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall animal welfare reviewed. Part 2: Assessment tables and schemes","authors":"M. Bracke, J. Metz, B. Spruijt","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.467","url":null,"abstract":"In the scientific literature several attempts have been made to systematically assess the overall welfare-status of animals in relation to housing and management. This paper reviews assessment tables and schemes that have been constructed to this end. These tables and schemes have a tabular format that allows an assessment of housing systems using a list of welfare-relevant attributes (properties of the housing system). Rather than identifying deficits, the focus of this review is on finding positive recommendations for the purpose of developing a method for overall welfare assessment (OWA) on a scientific basis. The main recommendation is to use the tabular format as representation formalism for OWA. The concept of linked tables provides the key to performing OWA on a scientific basis in an explicit and systematic way.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125323214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing specialized farming systems in Flevoland (The Netherlands): agronomic, environmental and socio-economic effects","authors":"J. Bos, G. V. D. Ven","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.461","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed farming systems have potential agronomic, environmental and socio-economic advantages over specialized farming systems. This paper attempts to quantify these advantages for the Dutch province Flevoland. A mixed farming system at regional level is characterized by intensive cooperation between two or more specialized farms, each producing crop or animal products. To test the hypothesis that such a mixed farming system might improve sustainability of agriculture in Flevoland, nutrient balances, labour requirements and labour income were quantified for a specialized arable farm, a specialized dairy farm and both combined into a mixed farming system, exchanging land, labour and machinery. Scope for reduced biocide use in the mixed farming system was assessed in a qualitative way. In the mixed farming system, labour income per ha was 25% higher. Seventy percent of this increase could be explained through higher yields per ha of the profitable crops ware potato (Solanum tuberosum) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). The remaining 30% resulted from lower costs, mainly through a better utilization of available labour. Differences between the combined nutrient balance of both specialized farms and that of the mixed farming system were small. Indications of reduced biocide use in the mixed farming system could not be found. It was concluded that in a mixed farming system, it is possible to realize a higher income without increasing environmental pollution. Key factor is the ratio between animal and arable production, determining the extent to which crop rotations can be widened and the relative amounts of slurry that can be applied to grassland.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125359366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the rate and method of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and utilization by broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica).","authors":"A. Everaarts, P. Willigen","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V47I3.462","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the rate and method of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and utilization by broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica ) was studied in four field experiments. The methods of application were broadcast application vs band placement and split application. Maximum uptake of nitrogen by the crop was around 300 kg ha-1. In one experiment, band placement positively influenced nitrogen uptake. Split application did not influence nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen application resulted in a higher head dry matter production, but the efficiency of nitrogen utilization for the production of head dry matter decreased with higher amounts of nitrogen applied. Nitrogen application decreased the dry matter content of the heads. In half of the experiments, band placement of nitrogen fertilizer resulted in extra head dry matter production and lower head dry matter contents. At the optimum rates of band placed nitrogen application, the nitrogen harvest index in the experiments ranged from 27 to 30%. The amount of mineral nitrogen in the soil at harvest generally increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen applied. Band placement resulted only in one experiment in lower amounts of mineral nitrogen in the soil at harvest. The mineral nitrogen in the soil at harvest can be unevenly horizontally distributed, both with broadcast application and band placement of nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen unaccounted for at harvest increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen applied, but was always less than the amount of nitrogen in crop residues. At the optimum rates of band placed nitrogen application, the amount of nitrogen in crop residues ranged from 120 to 155 kg ha-1. With broccoli cultivation, the nitrogen in the crop residues forms the single largest source of potential loss of nitrogen to the environment.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123497964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of farming systems for low input conditions: principles and implications based on scenario studies with feed allocation in livestock production","authors":"J. Schiere, J. Wit, F. A. Steenstra, H. Keulen","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V47I2.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V47I2.474","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the issue of designing farming systems for low input conditions. By focusing on the problem of feed (resource) allocation in livestock systems it provides clues for the design of alternative agricultural systems and systems in general. Linear programming (LP) is used to examine system behaviour under conditions of varying feed resource qualities, for individual animal production levels that range from 0.75 to 3.00 times maintenance. Milk yield, animal numbers and amounts of feed offered or refused are measures of system performance in two hypothetical cases representative for actual farming systems. Case 1 considers available feed as one aggregated resource, with an average nutritive value ranging from that of straw to that of high quality forage. It establishes the individual animal output level that is required to achieve maximum total system output from a given feed resource. In Case 2, animals of different production levels are allowed to select between two feed resources that, through proper definition of the their proportions on offer, on average represent the same feed quality scale as in Case 1. The possibility of selection, however, allows the nutritive value of the actual intake to differ from the average nutritive value of feed offered. Better feed and higher (potential) individual animal output tend to increase total system output in terms of milk, by reducing the number of animals. Nevertheless, the term 'damning objective' is introduced to express that high targets for subsystem output reduces total system output if subsystem requirements exceed resource availability. Moreover, heterogeneity of (feed) resources can increase system output by using more production units with lower individual output. The results are tested against farmers' practice and situations reported in literature. Implications for the design of sustainable systems and further research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128216981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall welfare assessment of pregnant sow housing systems based on interviews with experts","authors":"M. Bracke, J. Metz, B. Spruijt, A. Dijkhuizen","doi":"10.18174/NJAS.V47I2.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18174/NJAS.V47I2.469","url":null,"abstract":"In interviews with 11 pig experts the main housing systems for pregnant sows were identified as tethering (T), individual housing in stalls (IS), group housing with stalls (GS), trickle feeding or biofix (B), electronic sow feeding (ESF), and outdoor housing with huts (O). The family pen system (Fam) was added as a reference system. The experts were asked to give a welfare score for each housing system. The two individual housing-systems (mean scores: T = 1.8; IS = 2.3) scored significantly lower than more intensive indoor group-housing systems (GS = 5.4; B = 5.3; ESF = 6.2), and these scored lower than the more extensive systems (O = 8.0; Fam = 9.1; ANOVA, P < 0.001). Furthermore, T ranked lower than IS in the Sign test (P = 0.008). The most important aspects for welfare assessment were space, substrate, feeding-related agonism and social parameters such as group size and group stability. Three different models were constructed to calculate welfare scores from the arguments given by the experts. When represented graphically the results seem comparable to the expert scores, although two of the three models differed significantly from the expert scores using analysis of variance. These results indicate that pig experts are able to perform overall welfare assessment in a rational way that allows modelling and that there is a consensus underlying welfare assessment. These outcomes provide support for the further development of a decision support system to assess farm animal welfare on a scientific basis.","PeriodicalId":324908,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}