Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9055

M. Jessen, M. Taube

引用次数: 0

Archaic Martial Traditions in High Medieval Scandinavia: A Glimpse of Viking Age Warfare? 中世纪盛期斯堪的纳维亚半岛的古代军事传统:维京时代战争的一瞥?

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9048

B. Larrea

引用次数: 0

The Fight for Nordalbingia: Reconstruction and Simulation of the Danish-Obodrite Attack on the Frankish Fortress of Esesfelth in AD 817 诺达宾尼亚之战:公元817年丹麦-奥博德里特人对法兰克堡垒埃塞斯菲尔斯的进攻的重建与模拟

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9050

T. Lemm

引用次数: 0

No Man’s Land or Neutral Ground: Perceived Gendered Differences in Ideologies of War 无人区或中立地带:战争意识形态中的感知性别差异

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9049

Marianne Moen

{"title":"No Man’s Land or Neutral Ground: Perceived Gendered Differences in Ideologies of War","authors":"Marianne Moen","doi":"10.5617/viking.9049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/viking.9049","url":null,"abstract":"This article approaches gender in the Viking Age as a fluid social category, to be understood through an intersectional lens alongside other cultural variables. Using material from the Vestfold region, the article argues that the perceived genders encountered in mortuary remains from the area display a significant amount of social similarities. It therefore proposes to explore the expression of social roles across, rather than within gendered lines. The approach challenges the traditional tendency of dividing gendered archaeological remains based on a few, select categories singled out from the grave goods. It suggests that a more open approach would avoid overlooking real and tangible levels of shared expressions between graves assigned different gender in many mortuary contexts.\u0000The article challenges the idea of a Viking Age instigated by male violence and the interlinked belief that women are naturally less inclined to violence and more disposed to be nurturing and caring. These concepts are examined as modern constructs and as such they are not applicable to the past without scrutiny. I argue that the idea of a Viking Age warriorideology, which leaves no room for women, is culturally ingrained and needs to be questioned in light of both archaeological material and written sources. By critically examining the ideas mentioned above, wider discussions can be created, where gender does not necessarily play a limiting role in the enactment of certain social ideologies. Hence, this article does not seek to detail the specifics of female involvement in war, but rather to explore the cultural contexts that have influenced perceptions of such participation.","PeriodicalId":32358,"journal":{"name":"Viking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44702261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Weaving Textiles: Textile Consumption for Travel and Warfare 织造纺织品:旅行和战争用纺织品消费

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9053

E. Strand

{"title":"Weaving Textiles: Textile Consumption for Travel and Warfare","authors":"E. Strand","doi":"10.5617/viking.9053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/viking.9053","url":null,"abstract":"Textile research has demonstrated that new types of textiles were introduced to Scandinavia in the latter part of the Scandinavian Iron Age (AD 700–900). The archaeology of the period displays an increased number of textile tools, and large concentrations of pit houses dedicated to textile production. This era also saw the introduction of sails to Scandinavia, which is one of the obvious reasons for textiles and textile production becoming such an important part of Viking Age society. However, hitherto the value of the textiles has mostly been ignored, and its impact rarely discussed in research. This article will attempt to remedy this and poses important questions, such as: what was the economic value of the textiles needed for travel and warfare, and what was the value of the textiles used on a journey? In the article, the 10th century Ladby ship from Fyn in Denmark, is used to exemplify the demands and economic value of all textiles of one single ship, on one journey. I will use an interdisciplinary approach, including analyses of archaeological textiles; iconography; and early medieval texts. The aim of this novel method is to highlight the importance of textiles. It will alsoexplore how journeys under sail and warfare contributed to the increased consumption of textiles.","PeriodicalId":32358,"journal":{"name":"Viking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48489107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Norse on the Western Isles from a Landscape Perspective 从景观的角度重新审视西部岛屿上的北欧人

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9056

Joseph Thomas Ryder

引用次数: 0

Down by the River: Exploring the Logistics of Viking Encampment across Atlantic Europe 沿河而下：探索维京人在大西洋欧洲的后勤保障

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9051

C. Cooijmans

引用次数: 1

Weapons in Legal Rituals: Between Myth and Reality 法律仪式中的武器：在神话与现实之间

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9057

A. I. Riisøy

引用次数: 0

Women, War and Words: a Verbal Archaeology of Shield-maidens 女人、战争与文字：盾女文字考古

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9054

J. Jesch

{"title":"Women, War and Words: a Verbal Archaeology of Shield-maidens","authors":"J. Jesch","doi":"10.5617/viking.9054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/viking.9054","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly discussions of the question of the participation of women in war in the Viking Age have based their arguments on a variety of evidence, including both archaeology and texts. However, even those scholars who make substantial use of the textual evidence have not paid sufficiently close attention to (a) the vocabulary used in the representations (whether historical or fictional) of women acting in the supposed male role of warrior and (b) the literary-historical contexts in which the texts were produced, including potential relationships between texts.\u0000To further these discussions, this paper proposes a method which might be called the ‘stratigraphy of texts’ to demonstrate how a careful sifting of the cumulative textual evidence can enrich discussion about this important question. With close attention to the vocabulary used by the texts, and by considering the date, genre and sources of, and – importantly – the relationships between, texts in Old Norse, the discussion will demonstrate what can and what cannot be deduced from these textual representations of female warriors in the Viking Age.\u0000The paper will focus on tracing the development of the Old Norse concept of the skjaldmær, ‘shield-maiden’, through a variety of texts in which this term occurs, and also suggest a probable origin for the concept. There will also be a brief consideration of the term ‘valkyrie’ (ON valkyrja).","PeriodicalId":32358,"journal":{"name":"Viking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44543033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Four Petty Kingdoms of Upplǫnd: Equestrian Graves and the Political Integration of the Norwegian Highlands in Late Viking Age Norway Upplǫnd的四个小王国：马术坟墓与维京时代晚期挪威高地的政治整合

Viking Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.5617/viking.9046

F. Iversen

{"title":"The Four Petty Kingdoms of Upplǫnd: Equestrian Graves and the Political Integration of the Norwegian Highlands in Late Viking Age Norway","authors":"F. Iversen","doi":"10.5617/viking.9046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/viking.9046","url":null,"abstract":"In continental and north-western Europe armed cavalry – aided by the introduction of the stirrup – was closely linked to the emergence of feudalism but was this also the case in Scandinavia? Were the resulting military specialists linked to the growing national kingdoms, or to local and regional power spheres ruled by petty kings? I will investigate this in the historical region of Upplǫnd – the last Norse area to be integrated into the Kingdom of Norway by Óláfr Haraldsson around AD 1020. Two thirds of Norway’s 51 known equestrian graves are located in this inland area and I will employ a novel way of investigating their relationship to local administrative units, such as þriðjungar (thirds), herǫð (hundreds), and not least fjórðungar (fourths), as well as travel routes and settlements. There is little that suggests that these graves were linked to an early national aristocracy, and its ruling Scandinavian dynasty – Ynglingene – as has been argued in previous research. Equestrian grave traditions survived longer in Upplǫnd than elsewhere in Scandinavia, which was not Christianised until the 11th century, and it is unlikely that the buried had served the uniting and converting King Óláfr. It is also difficult to establish links between historically known lendr menn (the most prominent retainers of the king) families, and such graves. However, a new revelation is that the farms where such graves were located, were situated along the boundaries between local fjórðungar, which were judicial districts, as well as subsidiaries of local military administration in the herǫð. This suggests that these locations had important warning and supervision roles in local military systems. ","PeriodicalId":32358,"journal":{"name":"Viking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43519442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Viking最新文献