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A corpus-based study of successive patterns of Chinese modals 汉语情态动词连续模式的语料库研究
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/alal.21001.zho
Jiangping Zhou
{"title":"A corpus-based study of successive patterns of Chinese modals","authors":"Jiangping Zhou","doi":"10.1075/alal.21001.zho","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.21001.zho","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Being different from previous researches which explore the possible multiple modal patterns in Mandarin Chinese basically with invented examples, this study examines the attested patterns of successive use of modals facilitated by two large Chinese corpora (Corpus of Center for Chinese Linguistics Peking University or CCL, and Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center or BCC) and the reasons underlying these patterns. The data reveal that combinations of Chinese modals of different types comply with the proximity to the predicate verb of the proposition. The exact sequential order is demonstrated as follows: dynamic modality precedes the predicate verb; deontic modality precedes dynamic modality; and epistemic modality precedes deontic and dynamic modalities. In addition, different modal auxiliaries of the same type also co-occur in a special sequence. From the perspective of subjectivity and objectivity, we argue that the underlying principle of this ordering is that the more subjective a modal auxiliary is, the more distant it will be from the predicate verb of the proposition and vice versa. For successive patterns of different modal auxiliaries within the same type, the concept of gradability is employed. Although modal auxiliaries of the same type might occur at the same distance to the predicate verb of the proposition, they could characterize different degrees of gradabilities. Modals with higher degree of gradability could precede those with lower degrees, whereas those with the same degree of gradability are capable of the successive co-occurrence in either way.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115169295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Temporal realization of multimodally designed enactment in Japanese talk-in-interaction 日语会话互动中多模态设计的时间实现
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/alal.21002.ari
Y. Arita
{"title":"Temporal realization of multimodally designed enactment in Japanese talk-in-interaction","authors":"Y. Arita","doi":"10.1075/alal.21002.ari","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.21002.ari","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article explores the issue of temporality and projectability regarding the production of enactments – stretches of talk designed as there-and-then verbal and/or non-verbal behaviors – in Japanese conversations. As word order is a\u0000practice that interactants employ for projecting the shape of an upcoming turn, the predicate-final structure of Japanese leads to\u0000“delayed projectability” (Fox, Hayashi & Jasperson 1996; Tanaka 1999, 2000). Japanese enactments are no exception. In\u0000English, “she said” is prototypically produced before enactment and projects a forthcoming utterance as enactment (Lerner & Takagi 1999; Schegloff 1987). In\u0000Japanese, however, syntactic markings of enactment appear after enactment and thus retrospectively indicate preceding enactment.\u0000Despite the syntactically delayed projectability, the Japanese interactants rarely exhibit difficulty in comprehending enactments.\u0000This article demonstrates that the projection of Japanese enactment is assisted by various linguistic and/or non-linguistic\u0000resources accumulated in preparation for the launch of enactment and deployed within the design of enactment.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124891200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The property concepts and the possessive verb Ū ‘Have’ in Taiwan Southern Min 台湾闽南语的属性概念与所有格动词Ū“有”
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/alal.21013.che
Ada Cheng
{"title":"The property concepts and the possessive verb Ū ‘Have’ in Taiwan Southern Min","authors":"Ada Cheng","doi":"10.1075/alal.21013.che","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.21013.che","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper delineates an alternative analysis of the property concepts of ū ‘have’ in Taiwan Southern Min, claiming that the complements serve syntactically as the nominal gradabilities through three syntactic (constituency) tests, and supported by a crosslinguistic perspective. Additionally, in the vein of Distributed Morphology, the gradability functions as an nP (also as a nominalization), in contrast with NP/DP. From a typological perspective, it is not peculiar for ū to select a nominalization of property concept to signal a reading of property-denoting. Moreover, I illustrate the semantics of a possessive property concept construction in Taiwan Southern Min, according to Francez and Koontz-Garboden (2015, 2017). I further propose a modal aspectual semantics to interpret the various temporal readings of ū. Finally, I draw a conclusion to my alternative analyses.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114964736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is it possible to prove the Altaic theory on the basis of negative forms in Mongolian, Manchu and Turkish 是否有可能以蒙古语、满语和土耳其语的否定形式为基础来证明阿尔泰学说
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1075/alal.21023.dol
Joanna Dolińska
{"title":"Is it possible to prove the Altaic theory on the basis of negative forms in Mongolian, Manchu and Turkish","authors":"Joanna Dolińska","doi":"10.1075/alal.21023.dol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.21023.dol","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The research question posed in this article is whether the Altaic theory is possible, if it is discussed on the basis of chosen negative forms in Mongolian, Turkish, Manchu and its Sibe dialect. The supporters of the Altaic theory assume that these languages (and some include Japanese, Korean and Ainu to this list (Miller, 1967)) emerged from the same root. The opponents of this theory think that the similarities in these languages have resulted from historical contacts between their speakers (Doerfer, 1966, p. 122). This article consists of the analysis of negative forms in various stages of Mongolian, Manchu and Turkish languages carried out on the basis of literary monuments and contemporary resources. The conclusions concerning the possibility of the Altaic theory based on the described negative forms have been presented at the end, accompanied by the Index of negative particles and suffixes.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122382340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expanding the boundaries of Asian linguistics 拓展亚洲语言学的疆域
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1075/alal.20031.com
B. Comrie, Raoul Zamponi
{"title":"Expanding the boundaries of Asian linguistics","authors":"B. Comrie, Raoul Zamponi","doi":"10.1075/alal.20031.com","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.20031.com","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While the general lines of the areal linguistic typology of Asia are well known, there are some less well\u0000 understood pockets that promise to throw light on the overall range of variation within the continent. These include the\u0000 indigenous languages of the Andaman Islands, which have for much of history stood apart from the population and language spreads\u0000 that have characterized most of Asia. They fall into two families: Great Andamanese – the focus of this article – and Ongan. In\u0000 some respects Great Andamanese languages go with the bulk of Asia, e.g. verb-final constituent order, but other aspects even of\u0000 constituent order represent a mixture that matches neither the general Asian head-final type nor the Southeast Asian head-initial\u0000 type. Some properties of Great Andamanese are typologically unusual, but do find presumably accidental parallels in languages\u0000 spoken inside Asia, e.g. retroflex consonants, or elsewhere, e.g. body-part prefixes and verb root ellipsis.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122584876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An aggregate approach to diachronic variation in modern Chinese writings and translations 现代汉语写作与翻译历时变化的综合研究
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1075/alal.20039.li
Jialei Li
{"title":"An aggregate approach to diachronic variation in modern Chinese writings and translations","authors":"Jialei Li","doi":"10.1075/alal.20039.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.20039.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Modern Chinese took the place of classical Chinese and has been the standard form of writing since the early 1920s. While several studies have been carried out on diachronic variation in modern written Chinese, these include few aggregate investigations. This study examines the diachronic variation in modern Chinese writings and translations from the 1900s to the 2000s. Frequencies of multiple linguistic features sensitive to historical change were drawn from a multi-genre comparable corpus, ‘DCMCWT’, containing five periods: 1900–1911, 1919–1930, 1931–1949, 1950–1966, and 1978–2012. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was employed for periodisation, while multidimensional scaling supplemented the developmental path. The results suggest that Chinese writings and translations fall into three broad periods: 1900–1911, 1919–1966, and 1978–2012. Chinese translations follow a similar evolutionary path as the writings, and the gap between them, narrowed from 1900 to 2012. This developmental path corresponds to the socio-historical backgrounds in Chinese history and shares similarities and differences with the development of English. Diachronic variation in early modern Chinese mirrors that of English in that both languages developed to be more colloquial and interactive. However, early modern Chinese is different from English, as diglossia has played a crucial evolutionary role.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129128785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the etymology of the Japanese plural suffix and its possible connection to Korean 论日语复数后缀的词源及其与韩语的可能联系
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1075/alal.21005.fra
Alexander T. Francis-Ratte
{"title":"On the etymology of the Japanese plural suffix and its possible connection to Korean","authors":"Alexander T. Francis-Ratte","doi":"10.1075/alal.21005.fra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.21005.fra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper presents an etymological analysis of the Japanese plural suffix tachi, Old Japanese tati. I propose that tati originates from a grammaticalization of an earlier Pre-Old Japanese phonological form *totwi, the non-bound reflex of which is the Old Japanese quasi-collective marker dwoti ‘fellow (person), everyone, together’. The reconstruction of a Pre-Old Japanese stem *totwi (Pre-Proto-Japanese /*tətəj/) with quasi-collective and plural function clarifies the possible connection of the Japanese plural suffix to the Korean plural suffix tul (Middle Korean tólh), which Whitman (1985, p. 217) proposed to be cognates but which has since been criticized on phonological and distributional grounds. I show that reconstructing the earliest form of the Japanese plural suffix as /*tətəj/ resolves each of the three phonological issues with the Japano-Koreanic comparison, creates a better morphosyntactic match between the two languages, and rules out a loanword relationship of the Japanese and Korean forms.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127440040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The split word orders APV and PAV of Nuosu Yi 《诺肃义》的分词顺序APV和PAV
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1075/alal.20011.hu
Suhua Hu
{"title":"The split word orders APV and PAV of Nuosu Yi","authors":"Suhua Hu","doi":"10.1075/alal.20011.hu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.20011.hu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nuosu Yi is a Tibeto-Burman (henceforth TB) language lacking sufficient core case markers. Depending on the\u0000 telicity and aspectuality of the predicates, its basic word order splits into APV and rigid PAV. To be specific, the atelic and/or\u0000 imperfective predicates are APV, while the telic predicates indicated by the resultativity or perfect aspect are PAV. This paper\u0000 describes the semantics and syntax of the syntactic PAV and APV of Nuosu Yi thoroughly; and compares them to other TB languages in\u0000 terms of role marking strategies. I propose that the conditions of split word order in Nuosu Yi are on a par with those of the\u0000 split ergativity encoded by the morphological marking in Tibetan and some other TB languages; namely, the rigid PAV corresponds to\u0000 the ergative alignment, and the rigid APV corresponds to the accusative alignment. The study will deepen Nuosu Yi’s morpho-syntax\u0000 study and show the word order diversity to the studies of linguistic typology. Additionally, the study sheds light on the\u0000 possibility of extending the definition of ergativity and its potential counterpart.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Adverbs in the Austronesian languages of Taiwan 台湾南岛语中的副词
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1075/alal.20041.li
P. Li
{"title":"Adverbs in the Austronesian languages of Taiwan","authors":"P. Li","doi":"10.1075/alal.20041.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.20041.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This is a study of adverbs in nine typologically divergent Austronesian languages of Taiwan, Atayal, Bunun,\u0000 Favorlang, Kavalan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisiyat, Thao, and Tsou. There are only a few adverbs in each of these languages. The form of\u0000 an adverb is usually invariant and its position in a sentence is relatively free. On the contrary, the form of a verb usually\u0000 varies and its position in the sentence is usually fixed. Since the function of an adverb is to modify a verb, it may not occur\u0000 without a verb in a sentence, whereas a true verb may occur without any other verb. Many adverbial concepts in Chinese and\u0000 English, such as ‘all’, ‘only’, ‘often’, and ‘again’, are expressed using verbs that manifest different foci and take aspect\u0000 markers. When these words function as the main verb in the sentence, they may attract bound personal pronouns in many Austronesian\u0000 languages of Taiwan. However, there are a few genuine adverbs in each of these languages. It varies from language to language\u0000 whether a certain lexical item functions as a verb or adverb.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114686876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Forward to the past 展望过去
Asian Languages and Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-03-11 DOI: 10.1075/alal.00005.lap
R. Lapolla
{"title":"Forward to the past","authors":"R. Lapolla","doi":"10.1075/alal.00005.lap","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.00005.lap","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper argues that linguistic typology, and linguistics more generally, got off to a good start in the 19th\u0000 century with scholars like Wilhelm von Humboldt and Georg von der Gabelentz, where the understanding was that each language\u0000 manifests a unique world view, and it is important to study and compare those world views. This tradition is still alive, but was\u0000 sidelined and even denigrated for many years due to the rise of Structuralism, which attempted to study language structures\u0000 divorced from their linguistic and socio-cultural contexts. The paper reviews the understandings the early scholars had and points\u0000 out their similarities with cutting edge current views in cognitive linguistics, construction grammar, and interactional\u0000 linguistics, which had to be rediscovered due to the influence of Structuralism for so many years. It then argues that we should\u0000 make linguistic typology (and linguistics more generally) more modern, scientific, and empirical by returning to our roots.","PeriodicalId":322360,"journal":{"name":"Asian Languages and Linguistics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123567279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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