Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Stacked Ensemble Multi-Label Model for Predicting Co-Occurring Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Maryam Zamani,&nbsp;Maryam Farhadian,&nbsp;Nasrin Piran,&nbsp;Shiva Borzouei","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to severe microvascular and macrovascular complications. Traditional single-label prediction models fail to capture their co-occurring nature. This study develops a stacked ensemble multi-label framework that integrates established machine learning techniques into a unified and clinically interpretable approach for the joint prediction of diabetes complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a retrospective study of 965 T2DM patients, complications were aggregated into microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular) categories. A class-weighted stacking ensemble integrated three base models—Random Forest, Light GBM, and Cat Boost—within Binary Relevance (BR) and Classifier Chain (CC) frameworks, with a multi-output logistic regression meta-learner. Performance was evaluated via 5-fold cross-validation (Hamming Loss, F1-score, area under the curve [AUC]). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis elucidated risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Stacking-CC model achieved superior performance, with an overall F1-score of 0.752 ± 0.049 and AUC of 0.857 ± 0.032. A moderate correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.35) between complications validated the multi-label approach. SHAP analysis revealed distinct risk profiles: macrovascular complications were strongly associated with LDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure, while microvascular complications were linked to drug addiction, fasting blood sugar, and HDL. Conventional factors like age and BMI showed minimal importance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Stacking-CC framework effectively models co-occurring diabetic complications with high accuracy and interpretability. By delineating distinct risk hierarchies, it enables the development of targeted, complication-specific management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Anthocyanins: From Biochemical Pathways to Human Trials","authors":"Lakshay Panchal,&nbsp;Sangeeta Yadav,&nbsp;Akash Kumar,&nbsp;Tanbeer Kaur,&nbsp;Yashna Bawa,&nbsp;Sarvesh Rustagi,&nbsp;Rahul Mehra","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Anthocyanins (ACs) are potential bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetables, attracting the attention of researchers due to their possible role in managing diabetes and its complications. Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ACs on blood sugar levels, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance. These effects may be associated with multiple mechanisms, including increased glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression, enhanced glucose uptake, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation, improved insulin sensitivity, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling, increased glutathione (GSH) synthesis, production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, induction of antioxidant enzymes, improved beta-cell functioning, and activation of insulin signaling pathways. The activity of enzymes (alpha amylase, glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV [DPP-IV]) and the expression of inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], IL6, and MCP1) are reduced. These findings suggest the potential of ACs as adjunctive therapies. However, further studies, including well-structured clinical trials, are needed to explore the optimal dosage and long-term efficacy of ACs in diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Periosteum-Preserving Iliac Crest Transverse Transport for Symptomatic High-Level Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans","authors":"Guangchen Nie,&nbsp;Xiangyue Meng,&nbsp;Yong Liu,&nbsp;Xuguang Hao,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Shouyang Xiang,&nbsp;Yongxin Huo,&nbsp;Long Jiang,&nbsp;Qiang Xu,&nbsp;Yicun Lu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70034","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) is a chronic and progressive cardiovascular disease pathologically characterized by intimal thickening, luminal stenosis, and eventual occlusion of arteries supplying the lower limbs, resulting in severe limb ischemia. Its clinical manifestations include intermittent claudication, rest pain, decreased skin temperature, numbness, and pallor. In severe cases, patients may develop non-healing ulcers or tissue gangrene [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Patients with its most severe form, chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), face up to a 25% risk of major amputation within 1 year of diagnosis if timely revascularization is not performed [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our research team has explored and developed an Improved Iliac cortical bone transverse transport (ICTT) technique [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;], which incorporates a minimally invasive incision and a periosteum-preserving osteotomy. Herein, we present a study to report the clinical efficacy of ICTT in treating symptomatic LEASO with high-level occlusion at our institution, evaluating its effectiveness in pain relief, wound healing, and improvement of limb perfusion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 24 patients with symptomatic high-level LEASO who were treated at our institution between March 2023 and June 2024. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Harbin Fifth Hospital (Approval No. HSWYL2023-063), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) A diagnosis of CLTI [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;], corresponding to Fontaine Stage III or IV. (2) A confirmed diagnosis of high-level LEASOs via color Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography angiography (CTA). (3) Complete medical and imaging data. Exclusion criteria included: (1) A history of acute stroke or myocardial infarction within 3 months. (2) Severe systemic comorbidities precluding surgery. (3) Active systemic infection or immunosuppressive therapy. (4) Cognitive impairment preventing cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The final cohort comprised 14 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 64.3 ± 7.2 years. According to the Fontaine classification, 9 patients were Stage III and 15 were stage IV. Preoperative CTA confirmed high-level occlusion of the common femoral or iliac arteries with poor distal runoff in all cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All patients underwent a comprehensive preoperative assessment, which included a detailed medical history, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests. The location, severity of arterial occlusion, and the status of collateral circulation were evaluated using color Doppler ultrasound and CTA of the lower extremities. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered routinely, and microcirculation-improving medications were used as deemed appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The procedure was performed under general anesthesia with the patient in the supine position. An 11-cm incision was made along the outer edge of the iliac crest, begi","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promoting Angiogenesis and Its Clinical Significance of CD33+Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Derived From Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"Heran Cui,&nbsp;Jingjing Liu,&nbsp;Peiyan Zhao,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Shaowei Lan,&nbsp;Xueli Jiang,&nbsp;Hui Li","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70037","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are important tumor microenvironment components in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We successfully identified MDSCs expressing the surface marker CD33 in SCLC; nonetheless, whether CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs promote SCLC angiogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the angiogenic effect and clinical significance of CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs derived from SCLC.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Nineteen patients diagnosed with extensive-stage SCLC at Jilin Cancer Hospital were selected as the research subjects. CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with SCLC using magnetic bead separation and CD33 expression was detected by flow cytometry. The angiogenic potential of CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs derived from the peripheral blood of patients with SCLC and healthy individuals was assessed using human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) angiogenesis assays, and the clinical significance of CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs in promoting angiogenesis in patients with SCLC was analyzed using clinical data.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared to healthy individuals, the CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs (CD14&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) isolated from the peripheral blood of SCLC patients exhibited a greater ability to promote HUVEC tubular growth (average vessel length: 57.60 mm [47.78 mm] vs. 39.07 mm [15.84 mm], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.000; vessel area: 371,890 mm³ [699,927 mm³] vs. 334,652 mm³ [219,520 mm³], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.000; total number of junctions: 141 [301] vs. 120 [94], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.005), and their angiogenic ability was associated with older age, female sex, high performance status scores, no systematic treatment, and treatment unresponsiveness (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.050). Furthermore, the enhanced angiogenic ability of CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs may represent a risk factor for treatment unresponsiveness (average vessel length: Odds ratio = 3.904, 95%CI = 1.812–8.409, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001; vessel area: Odds ratio = 2.501, 95%CI = 1.187–5.267, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.016; total number of junctions: Odds ratio = 3.630, 95%CI = 1.686–7.815, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) and is associated with a poor SCLC prognosis (average vessel length: Hazard ratio = 2.210, 95% CI = 1.299–3.758, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003; vessel area: Hazard ratio = 2.170, 95% CI = 1.274–3.693, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004; total number of junctions: Hazard ratio = 2.267, 95% CI = 1.333–3.853, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;CD33&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MDSCs derived from the peripheral blood of patie","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Management Interventions in Young Adults (18–30 Years) With Type 1 Diabetes, Sickle Cell Disease, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review","authors":"Reham Almabadi,&nbsp;Lawrence Doi,&nbsp;Colin Chandler,&nbsp;Huda Alamri","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluctuating chronic conditions (FCC) in young adults aged 18–30 years, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), sickle cell disease (SCD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), present unique self-management challenges due to unpredictable symptom patterns that disrupt daily life. Tailored self-management interventions are essential for improving quality of life and health outcomes in this population. This scoping review synthesizes the literature on self-management interventions for young adults with T1D, SCD, and IBD, focusing on key concepts, intervention components, barriers, facilitators, and underlying theoretical frameworks. A systematic search was conducted across seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for studies in English published between January 2003 and January 2025. Studies were included if they examined self-management interventions for T1D, SCD, or IBD in young adults aged 18–30 years. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Key interventions identified included structured educational programs, digital health tools, and peer support networks. Across different conditions, common themes emerged emphasizing patient education, empowerment, self-regulation, and psychosocial support. Interventions that integrated technology with peer support demonstrated improved engagement and health outcomes. Despite the diversity of approaches, there remains a need for more developmentally appropriate, inclusive interventions that address both condition-specific and shared challenges faced by young adults with FCC. This review highlights gaps in the current evidence base and underscores the importance of personalized, technology-enabled strategies to optimize self-management and health outcomes for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"26-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Local Pain, Especially Headaches, May Not Be the Only Cause of Depression","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with interest the article by Wang et al. on a study of the longitudinal association between pain and depressive symptoms in Chinese adults using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Among 6346 patients without depressive symptoms at the start of the study, pain was more likely to be associated with female gender, low educational level, nonsmoking, and living in rural areas [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The presence of physical pain was associated with the development of depression over time [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. In terms of pain location, only headaches were associated with the development of depression [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. It was concluded that individuals with chronic physical pain tend to be susceptible to depressive symptoms [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The study is noteworthy, but some ambiguities should be clarified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first point is that the location and intensity of pain were included in the analysis, but not the type and character of pain [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Including the nature of the pain is crucial, as it can reveal that a patient is describing a symptom as pain that is actually something else. Some patients may describe pain as what is actually personal problems, psychological issues, stress, chronic overload, depression, anxiety, nausea, or palpitations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second point is that neck pain was not included in the study [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Alongside headaches, neck pain is one of the most common causes of pain and should have been included in a study on physical pain and depression. Neck pain has many causes and is often a long-term problem that brings with it a number of secondary conditions. For example, chronic neck pain can affect mood stability and disrupt sleep quality [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third point is that “depression” was not specified in more detail [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. There is not just one form of depression, but several different types of depression, each with unique symptoms and triggers. These different forms of depression include major depression, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder, postpartum depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and psychotic depression, which also includes psychoses such as hallucinations [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fourth point is that the development of depression over time may not be due solely to chronic pain, but also to several additional factors. Life events, comorbidities, concomitant medications, and habit changes may have contributed to the development of pain over time. Were these additional factors included in the analysis?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fifth point is that the development of pain over time was not reported [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. We should know how many patients developed pain in other regions compared to baseline and how many patients experienced a reduction in pain over time due to adequate treatment or the natural course of the disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overall, before attributing local pain to the developmen","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"75-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Liver Disease Among Individuals With Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome: A Comprehensive Perspective","authors":"Mohamad Jamalinia,&nbsp;Amedeo Lonardo,&nbsp;Ralf Weiskirchen","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The liver is increasingly recognized as a major regulator of systemic cardio-renal-metabolic health. Evidence is mounting that sex-chromosome dosage per se itself, independent of gonadal sex hormones, modulates hepatic physiology and liver disease risk. Turner syndrome (TS; monosomy X) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47, XXY and variants) are the two most common sex-chromosome aneuploidies and carry a clinically relevant, yet often under-appreciated, burden of liver disease. Population studies show that individuals with TS have 2- to sixfold higher odds of raised liver enzymes, steatotic liver disease, advanced fibrosis, and even hepatocellular malignancy compared with to sex- and age-matched controls. In KS, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) reaches approximately 45%, with testosterone deficiency, visceral adiposity, and systemic inflammation acting as key drivers. Pathogenetic mechanisms converge on vascular dysgenesis and estrogen deficiency in TS, and on hypogonadism-related metabolic derangements in KS, together accelerating steatosis, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. This concise review/Comprehensive perspective reviews discusses historical background, epidemiology, hepatic phenotypes, pathophysiology, and current diagnostic and management recommendations. It also highlights critical knowledge gaps, including the need for prospective cohorts, optimized hormone-replacement protocols, and trials of emerging pharmacological approaches anti-MASH agents. Raising awareness among all stakeholders, endocrinologists, hepatologists, and primary-care physicians is essential for early detection, multidisciplinary management, and improved hepatic and extra-hepatic outcomes in these vulnerable patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Profile Differences in HIV-Infected Populations With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Yovita Hartantri,&nbsp;Sherly Lawrensia,&nbsp;Steven Yulius Usman,&nbsp;Nenny Agustanti,&nbsp;Rudi Wisaksana,&nbsp;Nanny Natalia Mulyani Soetedjo,&nbsp;Bachti Alisjahbana","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Advances in HIV management have transformed HIV into a chronic condition, resulting in improved prognosis and increased survival among people living with HIV (PLWH). Traditional risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)—including dyslipidemia—are prevalent in PLWH. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize current evidence on lipid profile disturbances as contributors to MASLD in PLWH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD420251054477. We searched seven databases to identify studies reporting the prevalence and characteristics of MASLD in PLWH. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1. Mean differences (MDs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 17 studies comprising 3933 HIV-positive participants were included, among whom 1226 (37%) had MASLD. Male sex was significantly associated with MASLD (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.13–2.17; <i>p</i> = 0.007). MASLD was significantly associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (MD = 3.23 kg/m²; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001). Lipid profile analysis revealed that MASLD patients had higher total cholesterol (MD = 6.62 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.01), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD = 3.83 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.01), triglycerides (MD = 63.02 mg/dL; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001), and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) (MD = −3.73 mg/dL; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates a significant difference in lipid profiles (higher total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and lower HDL) among PLWH who develop MASLD, suggesting a potential metabolic signature associated with this comorbidity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Large Language Model Adherence to Targeted Fifth-Grade Readability Standards in Patient Education on Chronic Conditions","authors":"Faheed Shafau,&nbsp;Chase Wahl,&nbsp;Marcus Kado,&nbsp;Garrett Miedema","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70031","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Artificial intelligence (AI) usage has been increasing. Many fields have implemented the use of AI and Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in medicine. Furthermore, many patients have increasingly been using AI; often, they will prompt AI with questions before even stepping into a physician's office. The question lies in whether the information produced by AI is reliable and if this information is concise and easy to read across all patient populations. Previous research has evaluated the readability of LLM outputs regarding diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and other chronic conditions [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. However, the evaluation of whether or not the LLMs will adhere to a specific reading level guideline you request remains undervalued. The US Department of Health and Human Services recommends that patient education materials (PEMs) be written between the fourth to sixth grade reading levels [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. In our study, we prompted the LLMs to answer common questions that patients would have regarding chronic conditions (cancer, diabetes, and heart disease) at a fifth-grade reading level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We prompted the AI with four questions per condition (cancer, diabetes, and heart disease) and specifically had the LLMs adhere to a fifth-grade reading level within our prompts. We then analyzed each AI output (four outputs per disease) with three validated reading level indices: Gunning-Fog, SMOG-Index, and Flesch-Kincaid grade level. Each index produces a value that correlates with a US grade level. Afterwards, we conducted a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the means for ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini. This was done to determine statistically significant differences in the reading levels calculated for their outputs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As shown in Table 1, mean Flesch–Kincaid scores were lowest for Copilot (5.27 ± 1.43) and ChatGPT (5.44 ± 1.50). Scores were significantly higher for Gemini (7.79 ± 1.14, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Similarly, Gemini produced higher SMOG (6.64 ± 1.10) and Gunning Fog Index scores (8.07 ± 0.99) compared to ChatGPT and Copilot (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005 and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001, respectively). A one-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in readability scores across all three metrics. Gemini outputs were consistently at a higher reading level than ChatGPT and Copilot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Among the LLMs evaluated, Gemini produces responses at a higher reading level than ChatGPT and Copilot. ChatGPT and Copilot produced mean reading level scores closer to the fifth-grade reading level standards set in the prompts. These findings are promising, as they show ChatGPT and Copilot can meet standard reading level guidelines when prompted. In contrast, Gemini's higher reading level may make its health information less accessible to patients with low health literacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our findings focused on the reading levels produced by LLM-generated information in response to commonly asked questions patients would have about chronic diseases. Thes","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}