Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of delayed generalized erythema associated with cytarabine","authors":"He Jiang,&nbsp;Jun Lu,&nbsp;Mei Wang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cytarabine is one of the most used drugs for the treatment of hematological malignancies such as leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In cells, cytarabine is activated into ara-CTP, which can replace deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) and become incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Thus, it can block DNA synthesis, resulting in proliferation arrest and cell death.<span>¹</span> High doses of cytarabine usually induce dermatological toxicity commonly reported as morbilliform eruptions, acral erythema, neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, vasculitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and eccrine squamous syringome taplasia.<span>^2-5</span> Of these toxicity effects, violaceous erythema is especially rare.<span>^{6, 7}</span> Herein, we present a case of delayed generalized violaceous erythema associated with cytarabine and discuss its necessary treatment.</p><p>An 11-year-old boy came to the hospital complaining of an ache in the lower limb. Bone marrow puncture results confirm that he has acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He received a chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and 6-mercaptopurine (according to the Chinese Children Cancer Group [CCCG]-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL]-2015) for induction chemotherapy. The treatment course lasted 7 days, with cytarabine (100 mg/m²) and 6-mercaptopurine (60 mg/m²) given daily. Cyclophosphamide (1 g/m²) was given on the first day. On the seventh day of chemotherapy, he developed a high fever (39.8°C). The next day, a florid, diffuse, nonpruritic erythematous macule eruption appeared on his face, ears, and scalp. Antihistamines have no effect on the erythematous macule. Over the next 24 h, erythematous macules spread over his neck, arms, chest, abdomen, and back (Figure 1A). The percentage of eosinophils (6%; reference value, 0–5%) increased transiently on the eighth day of chemotherapy. On the ninth day of chemotherapy, erythematous macules coalesced into purpuric plaques and spread throughout the body (Figure 1B). The color of the erythema turned to bright red as well as a growing facial edema was observed. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy tissue demonstrated neutrophilic, lymphocytic infiltration and erythrocytic extravasation (Figure 2). C-reactive protein (CRP) level (56.7 mg/L; reference value, 0–8 mg/L) and D-dimer (2860 µg/L; reference value, 0–550 µg/L) were high throughout the period of erythema. Meanwhile, anti-infective therapy showed no effect on the progression of erythema or the reduction of CRP. On the 12th day of initial cytarabine exposure, dry desquamation was noted (Figure 1C), with complaints of slight pruritus. Then, the eruption faded away and disappeared on the 17th day after initial exposure to cytarabine (Figure 1D). However, in the later stage of erythema, the patient developed a liver injury and lasted for 13 days. After 28 days of initial exposure to cytarabine, the patient recovered. Subs","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"78-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol for the development and validation of a clinical measurement tool for fear of disease progression and recurrence in cardiac patients","authors":"Sarah T. Clarke,&nbsp;Michael Le Grande,&nbsp;Barbara M. Murphy,&nbsp;Robert Hester,&nbsp;Alun C. Jackson","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One in two cardiac patients fear having another heart event or their heart condition getting worse. Research in other chronic illnesses demonstrates that screening for fear of progression and recurrence is vital for adequately addressing such concerns in clinical care. The current project aims to develop and validate a measure for fear of progression and recurrence in cardiac patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Scale (FCRP) will be developed through a multistep process. An initial item pool will be generated through a review of the literature and existing measures and consultation with and feedback from key informants. The item pool will be tested in a sample of over 250 adults who have ever had an acute coronary event, undergone cardiac surgery, or a chronic cardiac condition. Exploratory factor analysis will be used to identify the underlying factors, and Rasch analysis will be used to reduce the number of items. A short form version of the FCRP will be developed for use as a brief screening tool, informed by clinical relevance and Rasch psychometric indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While many cardiac patients experience fears related to the progression or recurrence of their illness, there remains the need for a validated tool with which these concerns can be identified and measured. It is expected that the design and validation of the FCRP will aid identification of cardiac patients suffering from clinically significant levels of fear of progression and recurrence and facilitate the design of tailored psychological interventions to target these fears.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 3","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive ultra-hypofractionated whole-pelvic radiotherapy in high-risk and very high-risk prostate cancer on 1.5-Tesla MR-Linac: Estimated delivered dose and early toxicity results","authors":"Linrui Gao,&nbsp;Ran Wei,&nbsp;Shirui Qin,&nbsp;Yuan Tian,&nbsp;Wenlong Xia,&nbsp;Yongwen Song,&nbsp;Shulian Wang,&nbsp;Hui Fang,&nbsp;Yu Tang,&nbsp;Hao Jing,&nbsp;Yueping Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Tang,&nbsp;Shunan Qi,&nbsp;Bo Chen,&nbsp;Yexiong Li,&nbsp;Nianzeng Xing,&nbsp;Ningning Lu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.114","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy with whole-pelvic irradiation (UHF-WPRT) is a novel approach to radiotherapy for patients with high-risk (HR) and very high-risk (VHR) prostate cancer (PCa). However, the inherent complexity of adaptive UHF-WPRT might inevitably result in longer on-couch time. We aimed to estimate the delivered dose, study the feasibility and safety of adaptive UHF-WPRT on a 1.5-Tesla MR-Linac.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten patients with clinical stage T3a-4N0-1M0-1c PCa, who consecutively received UHF-WPRT, were enrolled prospectively. The contours of the target and organ-at-risks on the position verification-MR (PV-MR), beam-on 3D-MR(Bn-MR), and post-MR (after radiotherapy delivery) were derived from the pre-MR data by deformable image registration. The physician then manually adjusted them, and dose recalculation was performed accordingly. GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Prism Software Inc.) was utilized for conducting statistical analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, we collected 188 MR scans (50 pre-MR, 50 PV-MR, 44 Bn-MR, and 44 post-MR scans). With median 59 min, the mean prostate clinical target volume (CTV)-V_100% was 98.59% ± 2.74%, and the mean pelvic CTVp-V_100% relative percentages of all scans was 99.60% ± 1.18%. The median V_{29 Gy} change in the rectal wall was −2% (−18% to 20%). With a median follow-up of 9 months, no patient had acute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 or more severe genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities (0%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UHF-RT to the prostate and the whole pelvis with concomitant boost to positive nodes using an Adapt-To-Shape (ATS) workflow was technically feasible for patients with HR and VHR PCa, presenting only mild GU and GI toxicities. The estimated target dose during the beam-on phase was clinically acceptable based on the 3D-MR–based dosimetry analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical trial registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000033382.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139610268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extension of the theory of adherence to treatment in patients with coronary heart disease","authors":"Outi Kähkönen,&nbsp;Hannu Vähänikkilä,&nbsp;Leila Paukkonen,&nbsp;Anne Oikarinen","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased knowledge of the concept of adherence is needed for development patient-centered care, nursing interventions, and guidelines for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to test and extend the Theory of Adherence to Treatment regarding informational support in patients with CHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study utilized an explanatory and descriptive survey. The study was conducted in 2013 and involved 416 patients in five hospitals in Finland. The Adherence of Patients with Chronic Disease instrument and the Social Support for People with CHD instrument were used. The model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SEM confirmed direct associations between motivation (<i>β</i> = 0.49, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and results of care (<i>β</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and indirect associations between sense of normality, fear of complications, support from nurses and next of kin, and informational support to adherence to a healthy lifestyle and medication. Informational support included information and advice on CHD risk factors, physical exercise, chest pain, medication, continuum of care, and rehabilitation. Indirect standardized path coefficients varied between 0.14 and 0.45. The model explained 45% of adherence to a healthy lifestyle and medication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this study showed that informational support is a justified extension to the original Theory of Adherence to Treatment in Patients with CHD. Informational support seems to offer a new perspective that can be used to develop patient-centered nursing interventions and thus support adherence to treatment by patients with a lifelong disease such as CHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 3","pages":"227-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the combined effect of rs699 and rs5051 on angiotensinogen expression and hypertension","authors":"Nicholas R. Powell,&nbsp;Tyler Shugg,&nbsp;Jacob Leighty,&nbsp;Matthew Martin,&nbsp;Rolf P. Kreutz,&nbsp;Michael T. Eadon,&nbsp;Dongbing Lai,&nbsp;Tao Lu,&nbsp;Todd C. Skaar","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypertension (HTN) involves genetic variability in the renin-angiotensin system and influences antihypertensive response. We previously reported that angiotensinogen (<i>AGT</i>) messenger RNA (mRNA) is endogenously bound by miR-122-5p and rs699 A &gt; G decreases reporter mRNA in the microRNA functional-assay PASSPORT-seq. The <i>AGT</i> promoter variant rs5051 C &gt; T is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs699 A &gt; G and increases <i>AGT</i> transcription. The independent effect of these variants is understudied due to their LD therefore we aimed to test the hypothesis that increased <i>AGT</i> by rs5051 C &gt; T counterbalances <i>AGT</i> decreased by rs699 A &gt; G, and when these variants occur independently, it translates to HTN-related phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and retrospective models to test this hypothesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In silico, rs699 A &gt; G is predicted to increase miR-122-5p binding affinity by 3%. Mir-eCLIP results show rs699 is 40–45 nucleotides from the strongest microRNA-binding site in the <i>AGT</i> mRNA. Unexpectedly, rs699 A &gt; G increases <i>AGT</i> mRNA in an <i>AGT</i>-plasmid-cDNA HepG2 expression model. Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and UK Biobank analyses demonstrate liver <i>AGT</i> expression and HTN phenotypes are not different when rs699 A &gt; G occurs independently from rs5051 C &gt; T. However, GTEx and the in vitro experiments suggest rs699 A &gt; G confers cell-type-specific effects on <i>AGT</i> mRNA abundance, and suggest paracrine renal renin-angiotensin-system perturbations could mediate the rs699 A &gt; G associations with HTN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that rs5051 C &gt; T and rs699 A &gt; G significantly associate with systolic blood pressure in Black participants in the UK Biobank, demonstrating a fourfold larger effect than in White participants. Further studies are warranted to determine if altered antihypertensive response in Black individuals might be due to rs5051 C &gt; T or rs699 A &gt; G. Studies like this will help clinicians move beyond the use of race as a surrogate for genotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"102-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the treatment of IgA nephropathy with biological agents","authors":"Yongze Zhuang,&nbsp;Hailing Lu,&nbsp;Junxia Li","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease, and the “four-hit” theory represents its currently accepted pathogenic mechanism. Mucosal immunity triggered by infections in the respiratory tract, intestines, or other areas leads to antigen presentation, T cell stimulation, B cell maturation, and the production of IgA-producing plasma cells. The proteins B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are involved in this process, and alternative complement and lectin pathway activation are also part of the pathogenic mechanism. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines indicate that a specific effective treatment for IgAN is lacking, with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors being the primary therapy. Recent research shows that biological agents can significantly reduce proteinuria, stabilize the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and reverse some pathological changes, such as endocapillary proliferation and crescent formation. There are four main categories of biological agents used to treat IgA nephropathy, specifically anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, anti-BLyS or APRIL monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies targeting both BLyS and APRIL (telitacicept and atacicept), and monoclonal antibodies inhibiting complement system activation (narsoplimab and eculizumab). However, further research on the dosages, treatment duration, long-term efficacy, and safety of these biological agents is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of m-health technology-enabled physical activity program on physical activity adoption and adherence in people with hypertension in India: A randomized controlled trial protocol","authors":"Vidhi Thakar,&nbsp;Sureshkumar Kamalakannan,&nbsp;V. Prakash","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exercise and medication have similar benefits in reducing blood pressure (BP); however, hypertension management initiatives primarily focus on medicines. This is due to scarce research on the effectiveness of implementation strategies for optimal exercise adoption and adherence. Smartphones were found to be effective in delivering hypertension care and increase exercise adherence. Despite this, only a small number of research projects in India have used smartphones as a strategy for managing hypertension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We hypothesized that smartphone application-based care would lead to higher exercise adherence among adults (30–79 years) with hypertension compared to those who receive usual care. It will be a multicentric, randomized controlled, parallel-design, superiority clinical trial. The outcome assessor and data analyst will be blinded to group allocation. Participants in the intervention group will receive mobile application-based care for 6 weeks. Participants in the usual care group will receive a standard intervention. Both groups will receive the same number of follow-ups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary outcome is the difference in the proportion of people adherent to the recommended level of physical activity evaluated using an exercise adherence rating scale in the intervention group and the control group. Exercise adoption will be measured as the percentage of eligible participants in each study setting willing to initiate the exercise program. The secondary outcome includes differences in systolic and diastolic BP and self-management (evaluated using the Hypertension Self-Care Profile). The trial outcome will be accompanied by a process evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research will inform about the comparative effectiveness of conventional and m-health interventions for exercise adoption and adherence in people with hypertension in resource-constrained settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in clinicopathological characteristics between lipohypertrophy and localized insulin-derived amyloidosis: A scoping review","authors":"Kanae Mukai,&nbsp;Hiromasa Tanno,&nbsp;Junko Sugama,&nbsp;Toshihiko Yanagita,&nbsp;Emi Kanno","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.98","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insulin is used as a therapeutic agent in patients with diabetes, and cutaneous lipohypertrophy (LH) and localized insulin-derived amyloidosis (LIDA) are well-known adverse effects associated with insulin injections. The clinical implications, management, assessment methods, and pathological differentiation of LH and LIDA have been recently updated. This review was to update our knowledge of the pathological differentiation, effects of insulin absorption, hypoglycemic events, and recent assessment methods for LH and LIDA. A scoping review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Original studies and case reports in English were also included. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for keywords to identify papers published up to January 2022. A total of 113 studies were identified through a database search, and 31 were eligible for inclusion in this scoping review. In the 31 studies included in this review, patients with type 2 diabetes had high frequencies of LH and LIDA. LH outcome parameters were assessed using pathological findings and imaging. LIDA is mainly determined by pathological methods, such as hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red staining. Several in vitro and in vivo LIDA models of LIDA have been developed. These results suggest that pathological analysis is required to identify LH and LIDA. It is important to consider LIDA, as it likely influences insulin adsorption and glycemic control. Although several studies have evaluated the LIDA process, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of adverse effects associated with insulin injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.98","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140043103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aldosterone synthase inhibitor “Baxdrostat” for resistant hypertension: A clinical approach or futuristic idea?","authors":"Muhammad Osama Siddiqui,&nbsp;Ayaan Ahmed Qureshi,&nbsp;Arooba Siddiqui,&nbsp;Noor ul ain","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association defines resistant hypertension (RH) as a clinical blood pressure (BP) reading of &gt;130/80 mmHg in patients taking three antihypertensive drugs, including a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor, a calcium channel blocker (CCB), and a diuretic at well-tolerated doses.<span>^{1, 2}</span> It is reported from multiple population-based surveys that in the United States, there is an approximately 12%–15% prevalence of RH among adults diagnosed with hypertension.<span>²</span> A prospective study demonstrates that 20% of people diagnosed with RH had primary hyperaldosteronism.<span>^{3, 4}</span> In addition to the classic three antihypertensive drugs, spironolactone and mineralocorticoid are also administered for RH. However, with respect to the safety profile of spironolactone, it has been reported to have several side effects such as low testosterone production, menstrual irregularities, and excessively raised serum potassium levels, leaving the drug unfit for the longitudinal therapeutic purpose of treating RH.<span>⁵</span></p><p>Clinical research has demonstrated that aldosterone synthesis inhibitors lower circulating aldosterone levels by directly blocking the synthesis of aldosterone rather than blocking its receptor activity, subsequently lowering BP.<span>⁶</span> The first aldosterone synthase inhibitor to be developed was Osilodrostat (LCI699), which was intended to reduce serum aldosterone levels and manage hypertension. It was soon discovered, nevertheless, that Osilodrostat also inhibits 11-beta hydroxylase (CYP11B1), which lowers serum cortisol levels.<span>⁷</span></p><p>Perhaps due to decreased cortisol levels, there were many reasons for the administration of Osilodrostat; thus, what was needed for the resistance was a selective aldosterone inhibitor, which was conceived and licensed by CinCor Pharma Inc. Baxdrostat, a drug in phase 2 clinical trials, exemplifies exceptional selective suppression of aldosterone synthase without blocking 11-beta hydroxylase.<span>⁸</span></p><p>Animal model studies conducted on cynomolgus monkeys suggested that this drug inhibits the production of aldosterone without influencing the increase in cortisol caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone.<span>⁹</span> Furthermore, research involving healthy volunteers validated these findings (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01995383).<span>⁸</span> Multiple ascending doses of Baxdrostat were later investigated for safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in a Phase I trial, which found that Baxdrostat was well tolerated, safe, and caused a dose-dependent decrease in plasma aldosterone but not cortisol.</p><p>Baxdrostat was tested in a Phase II trial<span>^{8, 10}</span> that was randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and dose-ranging in adults with treatment-resistant hypertension (Brig","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"146-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135726121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete blood and urine paraprotein tests as response assessments in multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone","authors":"Xialu Lan,&nbsp;Fujing Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Yang,&nbsp;Wei Su,&nbsp;Jianhua Du,&nbsp;Shuangjiao Liu,&nbsp;Miao Chen,&nbsp;Bing Han,&nbsp;Daobin Zhou,&nbsp;Junling Zhuang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.99","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.99","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed the effect of standardized efficacy markers on prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) during the induction phase of treatment with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (BCD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively analyzed clinical data in 197 newly diagnosed MM patients treated with BCD as front-line regimen at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 107 patients with International Staging System (ISS) III and 51 with paraprotein of light chain. Of these, 77 completed nine cycles of the BCD regimen. As the number of treatment cycles increased, the proportions of serum and urine immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) tests elevated from 40.39% to 62.22% and 16.75% to 37.78%, respectively. More than 90% of intact immunoglobulin chain MM patients were evaluated for blood M protein per cycle, but that of urinary M protein was less than 60%. The detection rate of urinary M protein in light chain MM was more than 70% per cycle. Patients with a very good partial response (VGPR) had longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with uncertain VGPR (32 vs. 26 months, <i>p</i> = 0.0336). Of the 141 patients who completed at least four cycles without undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, those who were regularly assessed at every other cycle showed more favorable PFS than those who visited irregularly (27 vs. 22 months, <i>p</i> = 0.059).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary M protein detection rate is significantly lower than that in serum, leading to an overestimation of efficacy, premature reduction of treatment intensity, and shortened PFS. Precise response assessments are critical to treatment decisions and clinical diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.99","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}