Development Economics: Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Analysis for the Impact of the COVID - 19 to the Petrol Price in China","authors":"N. Sansa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3547413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547413","url":null,"abstract":"Recent literature evidence shows that the Oil Price trends in China is declining since the outbreak of the COVID - 19. This study is aiming to investigate the impact of the COVID - 19 Confirmed cases to the petrol price from the period dated 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China. With that regard the present study used the Simple regression linear model to evaluate the impact of the COVID - 19 Confirmed cases to the Petrol price during the period from dated 20 January to 23 February 2020 in China. Time series data from Global Petrol Prices and China daily Statistics from the period dated 20 January to 23 February 2020 for China were used to evaluate the impact of the COVID - 19 Confirmed cases to the Petrol price in China. To investigate the impact of the COVID -19 Confirmed cases to the Petrol prices in China the study assumes the COVID -19 Confirmed cases to be the independent variable while the petrol price to be an dependent variable of the study. The findings of the study were in actual fact catching up the attention. The study findings revealed that there is a negative and insignificant impact of the COVID - 19 Confirmed cases to the petrol prices from the period dated 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134507797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from Power Sector Reform Experiences: The Case of Vietnam","authors":"Alan David Lee, F. Gerner","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9169","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam's power sector has developed rapidly since the 1990s to become a top performer among developing countries. This success has occurred mostly under a state-owned utility, Electricity Vietnam. Select market-oriented reforms to date have also had some positive impact. By the late 1990s, the Government realized the need to gradually introduce competition to ensure long-term sustainability without jeopardizing security of supply for the fast-growing economy. Vietnam's 2004 Electricity Law has provided the framework to develop a competitive power market, unbundle Electricity Vietnam, set prices that better reflect costs, promote private investment, and establish a regulatory authority. Today, state-owned entities continue to dominate the sector. Whereas the power market is partially competitive, improved operational efficiency and financial performance of generators in this market has contributed to keeping generation costs relatively low. Plans are broadly on track for further extensive reforms, including a clean energy transition. Lessons include that state-centric institutions can develop the power sector with top-level government commitment, highly-qualified staff, and consensus among sector institutions. Gradual reforms offer an opportunity to learn by doing; yet, the sequence of reforms matters. Introducing market mechanisms ahead of other elements may limit the market effectiveness and even make subsequent reform steps more difficult.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realising Climate Reparations: Towards a Global Climate Stabilization Fund and Resilience Fund Programme for Loss and Damage in Marginalised and Former Colonised Societies","authors":"Keston K. Perry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3561121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561121","url":null,"abstract":"In response to global climate breakdown and the financial and macro-economic instability that underpins the current era of the Anthropocene, climate reparations represent an important remedy for the Global South. While not a new concept, climate reparations offer an appropriate encompassing philosophical and policy apparatus for first coming to terms with the magnitude of climate breakdown associated with the fallout from the climate crisis, and second for mounting a response that applies a framework that has history and ethics at the centre. This policy paper offers analysis of the current and historical factors that give rise to the necessity of, and an action agenda for realising climate reparations, namely the interrelated effects of colonialism and the disproportionate role of former colonising powers in greenhouse gas emissions. \u0000 \u0000Through an examination of the macroeconomic character and repercussions of the climate crisis, relevant data and financial needs associated with ongoing long-term loss and damage especially of formerly colonised regions and marginalised societies, the paper offers two policy solutions - a Global Climate Stabilization Fund that effectively replaces any role the current International Monetary Fund have regarding climate change governance and a Resilience financing scheme for loss and damage. Ex-colonial regions face an extremely uncertain and volatile future and because of their economic and institutional vulnerabilities, current mechanisms and policy tools have fallen far short of their needs and fail to recognise the historical condition of their colonisation as cause for growing social and economic inequities borne and aggravated by the climate crisis. \u0000 \u0000In response, this paper sets out the argument for a global climate stabilisation and resilience programmes through which climate reparations can be materialised. In addition, climate stabilization requires appropriate democratic and institutional structures at the multilateral, regional and national levels. As such, the paper discusses governance arrangements and fund and programme leadership comprising civic groups and developing-country governments and organisations. At the national and regional level, central banks and regional development banks will play a critical role to localise the institutional relationships and fast-track funding disbursements in response to climate-induced events and disasters that affect livelihoods, agriculture, increased displacement, and a range of other needs and social and economic support systems. This paper thus explores and offers a starting point for a policy framework around macroeconomic effects and financial instability borne and aggravated by climate change that offers an important case for climate reparations for the Global South.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115382803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Cost of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"D. Vorisek, Shu Yu","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9164","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of studies that estimate the cost of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Although the Sustainable Development Goals provide useful benchmarks for fiscal authorities and donors, typical cross-country costing exercises can be misleading, for a variety of reasons: double counting, sensitivity to underlying assumptions, downplaying the critical role of policy and institutions in advancing toward the goals, failure to discount costs or consider operation and maintenance costs in a consistent manner, and overlooking the tendency for different types of Sustainable Development Goal–related spending to have distinct effects. Recent costing studies by the World Bank Group have been developed to minimize the drawbacks of earlier studies. The paper also briefly reviews how the World Bank Group engages with stakeholders on the Sustainable Development Goals agenda.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134580167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from Power Sector Reform: The Case of the Arab Republic of Egypt","authors":"Anshul Rana, Ashish Khanna","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9162","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge of power sector reform in the Arab Republic of Egypt has long been dominated by extremely high subsidies, with prices set well below the costs of supply. These subsidies have taken a variety of forms: explicit subsidies in the government budget, implicit subsidies in the underpricing of fuel supply (particularly natural gas) to the power sector, accumulation of arrears from the sector, poorly-maintained physical capital, and cross-subsidies across customer classes. Egypt's social contract was linked to expanding energy access with good quality supply based on public financing and huge subsidies. Egypt has been able to achieve universal access with more or less reliable power over the entire period, except when chronic underinvestment in the sector caused blackouts in 2011–14 at time of severe political uncertainty. The social compact came under pressure in 2014 when energy subsidies reached 6.8 percent of gross domestic product. Since then, the reform process has been revived based on new electricity, gas, and renewable energy laws; price and subsidy adjustments; structural reforms with a deliberately long time frame; and greater emphasis on the role of the private sector.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128211658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customer Attitude and Perception Towards Aavin Milk","authors":"Dr. G. Nedumaran, Manida M","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3552001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3552001","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy Farming has reliably been the establishment of the Indian financial system through the methods for giving the milk to the whole society. Dairy progress directly affects the poverty demolition since it creates the milk according to the requirement. The adoption on the cultivating part, paying little mind to whether positive or negative, will have a multiplier wave all in all economy. Furthermore, the related division like agribusiness, animal development, and dairy have a noteworthy activity in improving the over each and every fiscal condition of commonplace India. To keep up the ecological evening out, there is necessity for viable and balanced headway of cultivating and cooperated portions. From our first readiness onwards, coordinators have offered require bringing together division for the money related improvement of the country division. Dairy development is portrayed as a little creation, which gives profitable work openings. It includes around six percent of the national compensation.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134614704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Climate Change Make Foodgrain Yields More Unpredictable? Evidence from India","authors":"Saumya Verma, Shreekant Gupta, P. Sen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3555588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3555588","url":null,"abstract":"THow would climate change affect India’s agriculture which accounts for sixty percent of employment? We study the impact of climate change on the level and variability of yields of rice (India’s major food crop) and two key millet crops (sorghum and pearl millet), using an all India district level panel dataset from 1966-2011. A stochastic production function is estimated with exogenous climate anomalies. We find that climate change adversely affects both the level and variability of crop yields - rice yields are reduced by rainfall extremes whereas extremely high temperatures make yields of all three crops highly variable with the biggest impact on millets.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130056838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Recovery and Financial Viability of the Power Sector in Developing Countries: Insights from 15 Case Studies","authors":"J. Huenteler, D. Hankinson, N. Rosenthal, Ani Balabanyan, Arthur Kochnakyan, Anshul Rana, V. Foster","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes power utilities in 15 jurisdictions to understand the determinants of success for reforms aimed at improving financial viability and cost recovery in the power sector and the impacts of these reforms on metrics of sector performance. The analysis finds that electricity tariffs are rarely high enough to cover the full costs of service delivery, even where the cost of service is low, and that few countries adequately manage volatile costs and maintain cost recovery levels over time. Almost everywhere, power utilities often impose a substantial fiscal burden and contingent liabilities on government budgets. Over the past 30 years, cost recovery levels have increased on average, but progress has been uneven, with over half of the case study jurisdictions experiencing a decline compared with the pre-reform period. The record of reforms of price formation, especially tariff setting through regulatory agencies, is mixed. On average, countries that have made more progress on utility governance and decision making perform better on cost recovery. The paper concludes with proposed modifications to the conceptual framework underpinning the economic analysis of power sector reforms as well as immediate, practical implications for understanding cost recovery as part of the overall power sector reform agenda.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114771344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence on Clean Energy Consumption and Business Cycle: A Global Perspective","authors":"Meng Yan, K. Shi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3523399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3523399","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the heterogeneous patterns of clean energy consumption at business cycle frequencies. Specifically, this paper provides a rigorous empirical analysis of this relationship in a comprehensive cross-country panel by decomposing the emissions and GDP series into their growth and cyclical components using the HP filter. Focusing on the cyclical components, robust stylized facts we conclude as follows: (1) Clean energy consumption is procyclical in advanced economies and developing economies, but acyclical in the OPEC; (2) Clean energy consumption is cyclically more volatile than GDP in a typical country; (3) The correlation between cyclicality of clean energy consumption and GDP per capita is more intricate in different country groups; (4) Clean energy consumption is positively correlated with the oil price in advanced economies and developing economies, and negatively correlated in OPEC. These stylized facts are potentially important for establishing theoretical models to analyze the consequences and impacts of clean energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114226375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weather Variability, Credit Scores and Access to Credit: Evidence from Colombian Coffee Farmers","authors":"N. de Roux","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3529396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3529396","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies how weather variability affects credit scores and credit access in developing countries. Using rich administrative data on loans to coffee farmers from a large Colombian bank, I show that negative weather shocks lead to lower loan repayment, lower credit scores and more frequent denials of future loan applications. I present evidence that affected farmer's income and ability to repay recover more quickly from weather shocks than credit access. Therefore, the interplay of weather variability and credit scores can lead to the exclusion from credit markets of farmers who could repay a loan.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127719028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}