Development Economics: Agriculture最新文献_第10页

Learning from Developing Country Power Market Experiences: The Case of Peru 借鉴发展中国家电力市场经验:以秘鲁为例

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8772

H. Rudnick, C. Velásquez

{"title":"Learning from Developing Country Power Market Experiences: The Case of Peru","authors":"H. Rudnick, C. Velásquez","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8772","url":null,"abstract":"The Peruvian power market was established in 1992, amid serious supply constraints and financially distressed power utilities. Since its inception, the market has been adapted by competitive market reforms and adaptations due to government-driven public policy objectives. This paper analyzes the experience of Peru with power markets, including market design, implementation, and outcomes. A cost-based power pool with locational marginal prices was established overnight, with bilateral contracts among market participants and regulated capacity payments. After an initial period of rapid investment, sluggish capacity additions and a prolonged drought in 2003-04 motivated the successful introduction of competitive supply auctions in 2006, to ensure that needed capacity additions were made to meet demand growth. Competitive auctions for renewable capacity have also been successful, attracting investment at falling prices. However, the market has been adapted by the government, pushing technology-specific auctions to develop a balanced mix of gas and hydro power generation, with additional costs passed through to final customers. As a result, supply is less prone to hydrological conditions, but it is now subject to gas transport constraints; prices are depressed at US$9/megawatt hour; and the reserve margin increased to 81 percent in 2017. Overall, continuous adaptations to the Peruvian power market have delivered competitive outcomes, with concentration falling steadily and security of supply increasing over the past decade. However, the mixed approach of competitive forces and government-driven adaptations for public policy objectives calls into question the long-term efficiency of the market.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Inexpensive Heating Reduces Winter Mortality 廉价供暖降低了冬季死亡率

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W25681

Janjala Chirakijja, S. Jayachandran, Pinchuan Ong

引用次数: 12

Environment and Development: Penalized Non-Parametric Inference of Global Trends in Deforestation, Pollution and Carbon 环境与发展:森林砍伐、污染和碳排放全球趋势的非参数惩罚推断

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-02-25 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8756

B. Andrée, P. Spencer, A. Chamorro

{"title":"Environment and Development: Penalized Non-Parametric Inference of Global Trends in Deforestation, Pollution and Carbon","authors":"B. Andrée, P. Spencer, A. Chamorro","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8756","url":null,"abstract":"This paper revisits the issue of environment and development raised in the 1992 World Development Report, with new analysis tools and data. The paper discusses inference and interpretation in a machine learning framework. The results suggest that production gradually favors conserving the earth's resources as gross domestic product increases, but increased efficiency alone is not sufficient to offset the effects of growth in scale. Instead, structural change in the economy shapes environmental outcomes across GDP. The analysis finds that average development is associated with an inverted $U$-shape in deforestation, pollution, and carbon intensities. Per capita emissions follow a $J$-curve. Specifically, poverty reduction occurs alongside degrading local environments and higher income growth poses a global burden through carbon. Local economic structure further determines the shape, amplitude, and location of tipping points of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. The models are used to extrapolate environmental output to 2030. The daunting implications of continued development are a reminder that immediate and sustained global efforts are required to mitigate forest loss, improve air quality, and shift the global economy to a 2°pathway.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122242240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Design of Four Bar Mechanism for Transplanting Paddy Seedlings 水稻插秧四杆机构设计

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-02-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3351776

G. Rao, Nikhil Kumar Mall, Himanshu Chaudhary, Abhijeet Kumar

引用次数: 0

Comparative Study of Nuclear Fusion with Other Renewable and Non Renewable Energy Sources 核聚变与其他可再生和不可再生能源的比较研究

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-02-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3442573

Ruchira Chobisa

引用次数: 0

Access to Alternatives: Increasing Rooftop Solar Adoption With Online Platforms 获得替代方案:通过在线平台增加屋顶太阳能的采用

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3330766

J. Dorsey

引用次数: 2

The Relationship between Fuel and Food Prices: Methods, Outcomes, and Lessons for Commodity Price Risk Management 燃料和食品价格之间的关系:商品价格风险管理的方法、结果和教训

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-02-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3336355

K. Janda, L. Kristoufek

引用次数: 4

The Efficiency and Distributional Effects of Alternative Residential Electricity Rate Designs 替代性住宅电价设计的效率与分配效应

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.5547/01956574.41.1.SBUR

Scott P. Burger, Christopher R. Knittel, I. Pérez-Arriaga, Ian Schneider, Frederik vom Scheidt

{"title":"The Efficiency and Distributional Effects of Alternative Residential Electricity Rate Designs","authors":"Scott P. Burger, Christopher R. Knittel, I. Pérez-Arriaga, Ian Schneider, Frederik vom Scheidt","doi":"10.5547/01956574.41.1.SBUR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.41.1.SBUR","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity tariffs typically charge residential users a volumetric rate that covers the bulk of energy, transmission, and distribution costs. The resulting prices, charged per unit of electricity consumed, do not reflect marginal costs and vary little across time and space. The emergence of distributed energy resources—such as solar photovoltaics and energy storage—has sparked interest among regulators and utilities in reforming electricity tariffs to enable more efficient utilization of these resources. The economic pressure to redesign electricity rates is countered by concerns of how more efficient rate structures might impact different socioeconomic groups. We analyze the bill impacts of alternative rate plans using interval metering data for more than 100,000 customers in the Chicago, Illinois area. We combine these data with granular Census data to assess the incidence of bill changes across different socioeconomic groups. We find that low-income customers would face bill increases on average in a transition to more economically efficient electricity tariffs. However, we demonstrate that simple changes to fixed charges in two-part tariffs can mitigate these disparities while preserving all, or the vast majority, of the efficiency gains. These designs rely exclusively on observable information and could be replicated by utilities in many geographies across the U.S.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131355748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 65

Slippery Fish: Enforcing Regulation Under Subversive Adaptation 滑溜溜的鱼:颠覆性适应下的强制监管

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3390166

Andrés González Lira, A. Mobarak

引用次数: 19

Analysis of Doctrine of Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Resources 自然资源永久主权学说分析

Development Economics: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3326636

Kumkum Shah

{"title":"Analysis of Doctrine of Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Resources","authors":"Kumkum Shah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3326636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3326636","url":null,"abstract":"The doctrine of permanent sovereignty over natural resources deals with the right of the state to freely use, exploit and regulate its natural resources within its territory. This principle relates upon a number of areas of international law which includes, exploitation of resources by individuals of one state or of another state, expropriation, territorial rights, concession and other economic aspects. The roots of this principle goes down to the right of self-determination and economic development for developing states and hence has become a key factor influencing the foreign investment regulations, environment law, resource management, sustainable development and economic developments. This principle of permanent sovereignty together with the right of self determination was considered to be an important aspect of the decolonization process. As a result of this declaration being a key factor in the formulation of different laws it is considered to be an opinio juris communis on certain principal dimensions.<br><br>This article attempts to discuss the new direction taken by this doctrine in the growing independent world and creating right and obligations over the states. It will further discuss the objects and the reflection of this principle in the treaty law and certain judicial decisions.<br>","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127497246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0