Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics最新文献

{"title":"UTILIZATION OF INDIGENOUS ARABLE CROP STORAGE AND PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA","authors":"H. Faborode, A. Ajayi","doi":"10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.12-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.12-21","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers and their technology remain central to national food security and agricultural development in Nigeria. There is growing concern that the technologies used by farmers for storage and preservation of arable crops may constitute impediments to rural agricultural development. The study assessed farmers' utilization of indigenous storage and preservation technologies for arable crops with a view to expanding technology options. Multi-staged sampling procedure was used to obtain data from 240 practicing arable crop farmers. The results revealed that 15 technologies were utilised with variations between crops and gender. The constraints to technology utilisation and reasons for usage were also identified. Results of regression analysis revealed that years of formal education, years of farming experience and farm size significantly influenced technology utilization in arable crops in Nigeria. There was a low extent of utilization and most farmers were dissatisfied with indigenous technologies despite few available alternatives.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127534084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSING DAIRY OPERATIONS WITH THE INTERACTIVE MODEL OF A DAIRY FARM","authors":"Miroslav Záhradník, J. Pokrivčák, Marián Tóth","doi":"10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.78-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.78-86","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on factors affecting the economics of milk production based on modelling future effects of present managerial decisions. We evaluate a sample Slovak dairy farms from the economic and performance indicator datasets of the National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research institute for animal production Nitra (NPPC-RIAP), referring to semi-intensive dairy farm and typical Holstein dairy farm. The EkonMOD milk decision support tool for dairy farm managers will be used to run various scenarios in heifer replacement strategies. If the average age at first calving (AFC) is reduced from 30 down to 24 months, the dairy could expect additional heifers for potential sale, growth, or culling pressure on the lactating herd. This approach means that in the first two years’ heifer development is emphasized, expenses in feed and management are decreased by 47,520 € per year, and 53,750 € worth of heifers are sold, bringing the total potential income for those two years to 101,270 €. The reduction of AFC in semi-intensive dairy farm in the what-if scenario 1 reduced the number of heifers needed for replacement from 290 to 269 heifers, also having the positive impact on the profitability resulting from these interrelations. In the what-if scenario 2 the AFC remained the same as in what-if scenario 1, meaning that the number of replacements needed was without any change. In the last–different sample farm case scenario presented in this paper, we considered the Holstein dairy farm with 500 productive dairy cows. The reduction in the AFC from 26 to 24 months reduced the number of feeding days in the heifer category by 12 410 feeding days, resulting to the reduction in total costs of at least 22 000 €, in this case.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115752651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRIVERS OF ADOPTION INTENSITY OF IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AMONG RICE FARMERS: EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN GHANA","authors":"J. Awuni, S. B. Azumah, S. Donkoh","doi":"10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.48-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.48-57","url":null,"abstract":"Improved rice production techniques are being promoted in Ghana as a way of enhancing sustainable productivity among farmers. Despite the important role that the adoption of improved rice production technologies plays in improving output, very few studies, especially in the context of Northern Ghana, have been conducted to analyse the factors influencing their intensive adoption. In this study, we compared the results of negative binomial, Poisson and zero inflated Poisson (ZIP) models to analyse the determinants of intensity of adoption of improved rice production techniques, using primary data collected from 543 rice farmers in the Upper East and Northern regions of Ghana. Based on model diagnostics, we accept the results of the ZIP model. The empirical results confirm the relevance of technology demonstration fields, farmers’ experience, training, and sex of the farmer in enhancing and sustaining the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. Household extension method, research and extension, and farm size should also be considered in promoting the adoption of improved practices among rice farmers since these covariates had significant relationship with the intensity of adopting improved agricultural technologies.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PRELIMINARY QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURALITY IN ROMANIA AND THE IMPACT OF COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY SUBSIDIES","authors":"N. Galluzzo","doi":"10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.128-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.128-135","url":null,"abstract":"In the literature, many studies have sought to assess through a quantitative approach the principle relationships between quantitative variables correlated to rurality. The impediment to such studies arises from the impossibility of quantitatively assessing cause-effect relationships between variables. The core purpose of this research was to assess by a quantitative approach the main cause-effect relationships in counties of Romania over the years 2007 to 2016, in order to identify variables affecting the rurality index. The study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling following the bootstrap methodology. The research outcomes highlighted the notable and positive role of financial subsidies allocated by the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy and specifically, the payments in favour of disadvantaged rural areas in relation to the rurality index across all regions of Romania. Some decoupled payments allocated within the framework of the first pillar of the CAP were found to have had no effect on crop farming. Drawing conclusions from this research, the financial support disbursed by the rural development programme is a fundamental stimulus to the reduction of socioeconomic marginalisation in Romanian farms and farming areas.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132365326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF HIGH YIELDING WHEAT VARIETIES ON FARM INCOME OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN ETHIOPIA","authors":"Regasa Dibaba, Degye Goshu","doi":"10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.103-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.103-112","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of high yielding wheat varieties adoption on farm income of smallholders in Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional data collected from 174 sample farm households selected through two-stage stratified random sampling techniques. Propensity score matching (PSM) applied to analyse the impact of adoption on farm income by smallholder farmers. The result of the PSM estimation showed that adoption of high yielding wheat varieties has significant impact on farm income of treated households as compared to the control groups. The treated households had earned farm income of about 21452 Ethiopian Birr per year while the untreated smallholders earned farm income of only 11141 Ethiopian Birr. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) of farm income of adopters is greater than non-adopters that has brought about 9 % increase in farm income of smallholders. The findings suggest that the government and stakeholders would need to focus on further support of high yielding wheat varieties adoption and should be given due attention for its impact on farm income generation of smallholders.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130614543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF FLOWER CULTIVATION ON FARMERS LIVELIHOOD IN SOME SELECTED AREA OF BANGLADESH","authors":"M. Setu, I. Islam, Ali, M. Sujan, H. Islam","doi":"10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.03-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.03-11","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to investigate the impact of flower cultivation on farmers’ livelihood in Jhenaidah district of Bangladesh. For this purpose, primary data were collected from 115 flower cultivators and 45 controls from February to March, 2017. Descriptive statistics, step wise regression and Constraints Facing Index (CFI) were used for analysing data. Result shows that most of the farmers (76.5%) gained medium livelihood improvement through flower cultivation, while 13.9 percent had high impact of flower cultivation on their livelihood. Among the entire variables- attitude towards flower cultivation alone contribute 39.5 percent of the variation of the impact. The Majority (73.9%) of the flower farmers had medium constraints in flower cultivation. As per Constraint Faced Index (CFI) high labour wages positioned the first place as the constraints of flower cultivation. But the composite impact of flower cultivation on farmers’ livelihood was moderate. Respective authorities like DAE, NGOs should implement and popularize flower cultivation project on a massive scale for improving farmers’ livelihood.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117225505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNDERSTANDING THE MULTIPLE SOURCES DRIVERS OF AGRICULTURAL INCOME AMONGST SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTHERN MALI","authors":"B. Dembele, H. Bett, I. Kariuki, M. Bars","doi":"10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.32-40","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sources of income are important strategies for reducing smallholder farmer liquidity constraints and over dependency on single income source. However, farmers in Southern Mali, especially Malian high agricultural potential region are still faced with liquidity constraints resulting from low income from cash crop (cotton) production. Therefore, this study was carried out to understand the factors that motivate farmers’ decision to engage in several income-generating activities. Cross-sectional data were collected from 134 randomly sampled smallholder farmers from three villages in different agro-ecological zones in Southern Mali. Multivariate probit (MVP) regression model was used to estimate the effect of socioeconomic and institutional factors on farmer participation in different sources of farm income. Correlation analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between the different income sources. Results from the econometric model revealed that the age of the family head determines the probability of farmers' participating in multiple sources of incomes, family size, dependency ratio, land tenure, education level, access to agricultural credit and extension services, cash crop income, off-farm income, input prices, agricultural output prices, and rural infrastructure. These results imply that policymakers and agricultural development programs should target strengthening of institutions as well as enhancement of farmers’ access to productive resources.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115627385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FARM TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN GHANA","authors":"B. Anang","doi":"10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.41-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.41-47","url":null,"abstract":"Technology adoption by smallholder farmers is a key strategy to improve agricultural sustainability and productivity in developing countries. This study therefore investigated the factors influencing adoption of agricultural mechanisation and improved varieties by rice farmers in northern Ghana. A bivariate probit model was used to analyse the determinants of farmers’ joint adoption decisions. The results indicated that the age and gender of the household head, the degree of specialisation in production, household size, and location of the farm were significantly associated with farmers’ joint adoption decision. Furthermore, farm size, extension visits, herd ownership and the production system were significant factors in farm mechanisation adoption but not the adoption of improved rice varieties. The study concludes that several individual and household characteristics interplay to influence smallholders’ joint adoption decisions. Hence, efforts to improve rice production in Ghana and other developing countries with similar characteristics should take into account these factors when disseminating innovations to smallholders.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124391711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPLICATIONS OF CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION ON AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD IN OIL PRODUCING RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA","authors":"I. Ukpong, Ekemini Edet Obok","doi":"10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.71-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2018.21.02.71-77","url":null,"abstract":"Activities of the oil and gas (O&G) industry directly influence the natural potentials of the ecosystem and human livelihood. In particular, the impacts of crude oil extraction grossly interfere with the daily economic life of man and the natural environment. This study evaluates people’s perception of the implications of crude oil extraction on agriculture and people’s livelihood in oil producing rural communities in Nigeria with particular focus on the Niger Delta region, an area where most onshore and offshore crude oil extractions are carried out. The bias in this study came from the fact that crude oil is mainly either extracted or transported across rural communities in the region through water routes and/or arable lands, the population here almost solely depends on natural resources – water and land – for their daily livelihood. Findings suggest that livelihood sources in the region are under evident direct threat of pollution and other impacts of the O&G industry. Results obtained from the descriptive analysis of 446 respondents indicate a perception of high impact of crude oil extraction on food prices (74.7%), food safety (60.5%), crop yield (48.2%) and animal production (28.3%). The results of the Ordered Probit regression analysis suggest that farmers and fishermen are more vulnerable or mostly affected by impacts of crude oil extraction in the region. The study thus opined that adequate mitigation of negative impacts of crude oil extraction would promote improved food safety, affordable food supply and improved household income in oil producing rural communities. Therefore, the O&G industry should intensify its commitments towards mitigating undesirable implications of exploration and extraction activities by O&G companies in the oil producing areas. In a bit to mitigate prevailing livelihood problems in the Niger Delta region, there is a need for O&G companies and government to provide necessary compensations, trainings and other support to help the rural people sustain their livelihood. In addition, all stakeholders in the O&G industry should collaborate with academic and research institutions to promote research in agriculture towards achieving improved food production and food safety in areas affected by impacts of crude oil extraction.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128092195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENDER PERSPECTIVES OF THE DETERMINANTS OF CLIMATE ADAPTATION: THE CASE OF LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION IN NORTHERN GHANA","authors":"W. Adzawla, Abou Kane","doi":"10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.113-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/RAAE.2018.21.02.113-127","url":null,"abstract":"Livelihood diversification is one of the essential climate adaptation strategies with positive outcomes on household's standard of living. Therefore, the identification of factors that are necessary for livelihood diversification are crucial. Within a gender perspective, this study analysed the determinants of livelihood diversification among farmers in the northern regions of Ghana. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 619 farmers and the data was analysed using multivariate probit regression for the pooled and separately for the gender groups. The livelihood diversification strategies identified were crop diversification, crop-livestock diversification, crop-trade diversification, crop-agro-processing diversification and crop-professional/skilled employment. The multivariate probit results showed that socioeconomic, institutional factors, climate factors, and household assets have significant influence on each diversification strategy. The assumption of gender difference in the factors that influences livelihood diversification is appropriate since some factors which influence specific livelihood diversification for females do not have significant effect on males. Improving the financial assets, social and human assets of farmers is important to enhance the diversification of farmers. There is also the need to improve awareness of farmers on climate shocks in order to enhance diversification decisions.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123317352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}