IMPLICATIONS OF CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION ON AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD IN OIL PRODUCING RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA

I. Ukpong, Ekemini Edet Obok
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Activities of the oil and gas (O&G) industry directly influence the natural potentials of the ecosystem and human livelihood. In particular, the impacts of crude oil extraction grossly interfere with the daily economic life of man and the natural environment. This study evaluates people’s perception of the implications of crude oil extraction on agriculture and people’s livelihood in oil producing rural communities in Nigeria with particular focus on the Niger Delta region, an area where most onshore and offshore crude oil extractions are carried out. The bias in this study came from the fact that crude oil is mainly either extracted or transported across rural communities in the region through water routes and/or arable lands, the population here almost solely depends on natural resources – water and land – for their daily livelihood. Findings suggest that livelihood sources in the region are under evident direct threat of pollution and other impacts of the O&G industry. Results obtained from the descriptive analysis of 446 respondents indicate a perception of high impact of crude oil extraction on food prices (74.7%), food safety (60.5%), crop yield (48.2%) and animal production (28.3%). The results of the Ordered Probit regression analysis suggest that farmers and fishermen are more vulnerable or mostly affected by impacts of crude oil extraction in the region. The study thus opined that adequate mitigation of negative impacts of crude oil extraction would promote improved food safety, affordable food supply and improved household income in oil producing rural communities. Therefore, the O&G industry should intensify its commitments towards mitigating undesirable implications of exploration and extraction activities by O&G companies in the oil producing areas. In a bit to mitigate prevailing livelihood problems in the Niger Delta region, there is a need for O&G companies and government to provide necessary compensations, trainings and other support to help the rural people sustain their livelihood. In addition, all stakeholders in the O&G industry should collaborate with academic and research institutions to promote research in agriculture towards achieving improved food production and food safety in areas affected by impacts of crude oil extraction.
原油开采对尼日利亚产油农村社区农业和生计的影响
石油和天然气(O&G)行业的活动直接影响着生态系统和人类生计的自然潜力。特别是原油开采的影响严重干扰了人类的日常经济生活和自然环境。本研究评估了人们对尼日利亚石油生产农村社区原油开采对农业和民生的影响的看法,特别关注尼日尔三角洲地区,该地区进行了大多数陆上和海上原油开采。这项研究的偏差来自这样一个事实,即原油主要是通过水路和/或耕地在该地区的农村社区开采或运输的,这里的人口几乎完全依赖自然资源——水和土地——来维持日常生计。研究结果表明,该地区的生计来源明显受到油气行业污染和其他影响的直接威胁。对446名受访者的描述性分析结果表明,原油开采对食品价格(74.7%)、食品安全(60.5%)、作物产量(48.2%)和动物生产(28.3%)的影响很大。有序Probit回归分析结果表明,该地区的农民和渔民更容易受到原油开采的影响或受到的影响最大。因此,该研究认为,充分减轻原油开采的负面影响将促进改善粮食安全、负担得起的粮食供应和提高产油农村社区的家庭收入。因此,油气行业应该加强承诺,减少油气公司在产油区进行勘探和开采活动的不良影响。为了缓解尼日尔三角洲地区普遍存在的生计问题,油气公司和政府需要提供必要的补偿、培训和其他支持,以帮助农村人民维持生计。此外,油气行业的所有利益相关者应与学术和研究机构合作,促进农业研究,以改善受原油开采影响地区的食品生产和食品安全。
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