Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics最新文献

{"title":"IT IS TOO LATE TO REGRET AND TAKE RISK: FARMERS’ ADOPTION DECISION FOR STALL-FEEDING (SF) IN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Muuz Hadush","doi":"10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.79-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.79-98","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Despite a growing interest in the role of time and risk preferences in explaining technology adoption, empirical studies that investigate this behavior are scant. Numerous studies have attempted to identify the determinants of adoption of new technologies. However, those studies failed to capture the duration of time farmers will take to adopt a given technology using a proper model such as duration model. Purpose of the article : This study developed a technology adoption theoretical model that incorporates time and risk preferences in addition to household level characteristics. Using this model, we tested whether impatience and risk aversion delays or expedites stall-feeding adoption or not. Methods: Using cross sectional data of 518 sample farmers from Ethiopia, both semi-parametric (Cox PH) and parametric (Weibull PH and Weibull AFT) models have been applied to estimate the conditional probability of SF adoption. This enables us to convey information not only on why a farmer adopted, but also on the timing of the adoption decision. Findings : As expected, our results indeed show that, the time of stall-feeding adoption increases with discount rate. Individuals who are patient and risk loving adopt stall-feeding sooner than individuals who are impatient and risk averse. Likewise, farmers who are more less-averse adopt SF technology latter compared to farmers who are risk neutral. The estimated results also revealed that economic incentives (i.e. prices) was found to be the most important determinants of the time farmers wait before adopting new technologies. While higher output price significantly accelerates SF adoption, higher input price decelerates the adoption period. The expected milk yield (first moment) had a positive significant effect on the adoption decision, indicating that higher expected mean, on average decreases farmers’ time to adopt. Findings in this study suggest that, land and labor endowment shorten the time to adopt SF. However, market distance delay the adoption of SF. Moreover, access to information, education of household head, breed cow ownership, and location of the farmer, accelerated the likelihood of early SF adoption. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is one of the first adoption studies to have incorporated time and risk preference in its parametric and semi-parametric adoption analysis.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116628534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF IMPROVED TOMATO PRODUCTION IN GHANA: A TWO- STEP METASTOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH","authors":"A. Shafiwu","doi":"10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.65-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.65-78","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the Article: This study examines the technical efficiency of tomato farmers in Ghana. Methods: Using cross-sectional data for the 2019 cropping season and through a multi-stage sampling technique, 508 farmers from three agro-ecological zones were selected and used for the study. Using Metafrontier analysis and a translog functional form, we examined the mean levels and the determinants of Metatechnical efficiencies. Findings, Value Added and Novelty: The findings of group-specific metafrontier technical efficiencies (MFTEs) and ecological gap ratios (EGRs) showed that tomato farmers in Ghana produced below the group frontier due to limited and inefficient utilization of the available technologies. Farmers in Forest Savannah Transitional Zone (FSTZ) achieved higher mean technical efficiency than those in the Coastal Savannah Zone (CSZ) and the Guinea Savannah Zone (GSZ).respectively. Conventional inputs such as land, seeds, insecticides, and tractor services positively influenced tomato production in GSZ, FSTZ and CSZ while farmers who were: male; formally educated; belonged to an FBO; and had access to extension services, were technically efficient in GSZ and FSTZ. In CSZ, female farmers and farmers producing tomato as a secondary occupation were more technically efficient. The study recommends that the private sector, including financial institutions, value chains, and NGOs as well as the government through MoFA should invest in FBOs, and also assist tomato farmers to access extension services and education to help eliminate technical inefficiencies in tomato production. Government should also help ease farmers ‘access to production inputs such as tractor, fertilizer, pesticides, and seed so as to increase tomato production in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114897308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF WATER HYACINTH ON SMALLHOLDER RICE FARMER’S LIVELIHOOD: THE CASE OF LAKE TANA BASIN, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Melkamu Bazie","doi":"10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.55-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.55-64","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Invasive aquatic weeds like water hyacinth are of a great concern in Ethiopia, posing particular problems on aquatic biodiversity and fisheries in major water bodies and agricultural land in the surrounding water bodies. The study was aimed to analysis of the effect of water hyacinth on the livelihood of smallholder rice farmers around the Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Methodology : Two districts and four Kebeles adjacent to Lake Tana and well known in rice production were purposively selected for the study. Individual interviews and key informants’ checklists were used as data collection methods to achieve the desired objectives. Results : The result showed that 48% of the rice cultivated land was infested by water hyacinth and 32.08% of rice farm area was not harvested totally due to Water hyacinth infestation in the study year. It showed a statistical significance mean difference on yield of rice between affected and non-affected plots, it could reduce by 1944 kg/ha. Moreover, households perceived that water hyacinth makes land preparation and crop production difficult, dehydrates farmland, reduces fish production, and contaminates water, destruction of animal feeds, causes disease on humans and animals. Smallholder rice-producing sampled households perceived that the rice production has been decreasing due to the spread of water hyacinth. Farmers by themselves implemented different adaptation strategies to resist the water hyacinth problem. The major adaptation strategies implemented by smallholder farmers are participating in water hyacinth removing campaigns or weeding, constructing a fence around their farm to defend the coming water hyacinth weed before invading their rice farms, and switching off from farm activity to other income-earning activities. The study results revealed that 73% and 91.5% of the sampled households received rice production extension services and information regarding water hyacinth, respectively. Recommendation : To solve the problems of water hyacinth effects participatory approach to control water hyacinth, support farmers to produce crop in off season using irrigation, promote agricultural technologies and assist them to search other income earning activities.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125811487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACTORS DRIVING DISCONTINUANCE OF SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARMING -EVIDENCE FROM TAMIL NADU, INDIA","authors":"hirunavukkarasu Duraisamy","doi":"10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.03-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.03-10","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: There is limited understanding of reasons, promoting discontinuance especially from dairying activities farming in mixed farming systems where exit happens earlier than the complete exit from agriculture, Purpose of the article: This study explores the households and farm associated economic factors that influence the farmer’s intention to ‘discontinue’ from the smallholder dairy sector, in the changing context of increasing demand; poor participation of youth in agriculture; urbanisation and increasing role of non-farm sector in the Indian economy. Methods: A total of 384 dairy households representing three different crop livestock systems were selected on a proportionate basis from the existing datasets of dairy households for the research. Descriptive and binominal logit regression was used for analysis of the data. Findings, value added & novelty: The major findings are that more than half of households have an intention to discontinue or downsize their dairying operations and almost all are demotivating next generation to take up dairying. Moreover, in households with no crop activity, using high inputs and having low level of attitude towards dairying and in areas with poor markets are likely to discontinue. In the long run inadequate income from dairying, value system and developments in non-farm sector are driving discontinuance.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115580333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROFIT EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER MAIZE FARMERS IN SAGNARIGU MUNICIPAL OF NORTHERN GHANA","authors":"B. Anang","doi":"10.15414/raae.2022.25.01.104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2022.25.01.104-112","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Maize is the most important cereal crop produced by most households in Ghana for income and household food security. Despite its economic importance, not much study has been carried out on maize profit efficiency in Ghana, hence this study. Purpose of the article: This study estimated profit efficiency of maize farmers in the Sagnarigu municipal of Ghana to understand producers’ profit efficiency level and its determinants as well as the challenges faced by maize producers. Methods: Data was sourced from small-scale maize producers while stochastic frontier analysis was applied to estimate a Cobb-Douglas profit function that simultaneously identified the sources of inefficiency. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to analyse the constraints facing maize producers. Findings & Value added: The findings indicated that maize farmers produced at 71% profit efficiency. This is one of very few studies on profit efficiency of Ghanaian maize farmers. The result means that 29% of the achievable maximum profit was forfeited as a result of production inefficiency. Educational attainment and access to agricultural extension service decreased the level of profit inefficiency while age, herd ownership and membership of farmer organization increased profit inefficiency level of farmers. The most critical challenges reported by farmers were financial constraints, high cost of ploughing and difficulty in acquiring chemical fertilizer. The study recommends that access to agricultural extension service should be improved to cover more farmers while efforts should be made to expand educational access in rural areas to enhance the profit efficiency of farmers.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"268 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122660640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR BIOFORTIFIED MAIZE IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA","authors":"M. A. Otitoju","doi":"10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.33-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.33-42","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Biofortified maize are products of modern biotechnology and genetic engineering, which produce crops with special traits of interest resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to the herbicide, high yield, salt tolerance, submergence, nitrogen efficiency, etc. It is not just about technological advances and the development of a new product, ascertaining the factors that could stimulate demand, and creating awareness about the benefits of biofortified crops are crucial for this new enhanced variety of maize to make an impact. Purpose of the article: The research was conducted to determine the factors influencing farmers’ willingness-to-pay for biofortified maize in Gwagwalada Area Council, of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria, to identify the stimulating factors and challenges confronting farmers' willingness-to-pay for biofortified maize. Methods: The multistage sampling technique was adopted for the study and used to select a total of 100 maize farmers for this study. Primary data were collected from the respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Two-limit Tobit Model, which was used to identify the factors influencing farmers' willingness-to pay for biofortified maize. Findings,","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114766086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSUMPTION FREQUENCY FOR SELECTED ROOTS AND TUBERS AMONG URBAN HOUSEHOLDS OF NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA","authors":"F. O. Nuani","doi":"10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.11-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/raae.2022.25.02.11-23","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: With the ever-increasing population suffering from hunger and malnutrition, frequent consumption of roots and tubers (R&Ts) is likely to improve household health and nutritional status. R&Ts contribute to improved nutrition, provide medicinal benefits and are a cheaper source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals hence much affordable for urban poor households. Despite their highlighted benefits, R&Ts consumption levels among urban consumers have reduced significantly and the reasons for the decline remain unknown. Assessing households’ consumption frequency for R&Ts is essential in enhancing their utilisation. Purpose of the article: This study evaluated factors influencing consumption frequency for selected R&Ts among urban households of Nakuru county, Kenya. Methods: A stratified multistage sampling technique was employed to select a random sample of 385 urban respondents, and data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The collected primary data were analysed using a negative binomial regression (NBR) model. Findings, Value added & Novelty: The mean consumption frequency for R&Ts was seventeen times a month. Household size, monthly income, household health, farming of R&Ts, nutritional knowledge, and availability of different types of R&Ts influenced their consumption frequency among urban households. In this regard, R&Ts value addition strategies such as peeling, washing, drying, packaging and labelling could increase their acceptance as convenient foods among urban dwellers. Food policies that improve R&Ts supply chain efficiency could increase their production and consumption, consequently broadening the food base at household and national levels.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128982160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 ON DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE HORN OF AFRICA","authors":"Saleamlak Fentaw Getahun","doi":"10.15414/RAAE.2021.24.01.21-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/RAAE.2021.24.01.21-26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115585718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPATIOTEMPORAL EVALUATION OF DRY BEANS AND GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND INEFFICIENCY IN GHANA","authors":"Francis Tsiboe, Paul Aseete, J. Djokoto","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.310316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.310316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122648273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QUALITY OF LIFE FOR OCCUPATIONAL RISKS OF COCOA FARM WORKERS IN NIGERIA","authors":"D. Fadiji","doi":"10.15414/RAAE.2021.24.01.56-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15414/RAAE.2021.24.01.56-63","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Cocoa remains the Nigeria’s highest foreign exchange earner among all agricultural commodities, Contributed 12.5-14% of the national GDP. Currently, Nigeria is the fourth largest cocoa producing country in the world, produced approximately 328,652 tons annually. Occupational risk is a major factor reducing productivity of farm workers as it impairs physical capacity and increase vulnerability to ill health, diseases and injuries. Risk of agrochemical exposure has been attributed to work demand and unhealthy work environment. Purpose of the article: This study aimed to estimate life quality for agrochemical exposure risks of cocoa farm workers in Ondo state Nigeria. The study specifically estimates the amount an individual willingness to pay by respondents for occupational risk reduction. Methods: Multistage sampling technique that guaranteed cocoa farmers who could provide desired information on the basis of the objectives of the study was adopted for the study. Random selection of 180 cocoa farm workers from the study area. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and percentage) and Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) approach that dovetailed into choice modelling and conditional logistic regression were the analytical tools used. Findings & Value added: the result revealed that 74% of the cocoa farm workers are on active age and mainly male with the mean age of 46 years. Most of the workers are illiterate that cannot read instructions on the agrochemical container. Average workers are willing to pay 830 Nigerian naira for personal protective equipment, 92 Nigerian naira for 15% wage discount as financial benefit of workplace injuries and 1024 Nigerian naira for training of workers in pesticide usage. The study concluded that better health conditions and appropriate use of personal protective equipment minimize the occupational risk. It was therefore recommended that educational programmes that will enhance farmer’s knowledge, skills and attitude to use safe methods (appropriate use of protective equipment) in pesticide usage should be adequately planned. Appropriate use of personal protective equipment to reduce exposure to agrochemicals and the risks involved in the misuse and abuse of agrochemicals should be adopted.","PeriodicalId":320413,"journal":{"name":"Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116523420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}