Food Control最新文献

{"title":"Rapid quantitative real-time analysis and visual detection of Escherichia coli in meat by direct PMAxx-VPCR","authors":"Jiaqi Cui ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjun Song ,&nbsp;Huilin Li ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Rong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Escherichia coli</em> is a common intestinal bacterium, most strains of which are harmless to humans. Certain pathogenic strains can cause severe foodborne illnesses, highlighting the need for simple, rapid, and reliable methods to detect viable <em>E. coli</em> in food for enhanced safety monitoring. In this study, rapid and accurate detection was achieved through the following developments: First, a DNA extraction-free direct lysis method was established, and the DNA preparation time was reduced from over 1 h to 5 min. Second, an ultra-fast real-time VPCR (“V″shape PCR) system was developed, shortening the DNA amplification time to 29 min on conventional real-time PCR equipment. Third, PMAxx conditions were established and combined with VPCR, enabling the detection of viable <em>E. coli</em> in meat within 70 min, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the shortest time reported to date. A quantitative detection limit as low as 50 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) was demonstrated, with good linearity in the range of 5 × 10¹-5 × 10⁵ CFU. Furthermore, due to the cleavage of fluorescence-labeled DNA probes during amplification, a visual detection mode was achieved, capable of detecting 50 CFU of viable <em>E. coli</em>, with sensitivity equivalent to real-time PMAxx-VPCR. In practical sample evaluation, the system consistently achieved a detection limit of 50 CFU in mixed meat matrices spiked with <em>E. coli</em> at different concentration gradients, confirming its stability and reliability in complex sample backgrounds. In addition, 5 × 10⁴ CFU of <em>E. coli</em> was added to eight types of commercially available meat samples (chicken, duck, fish, beef, lamb, rabbit, pork, and shrimp), and standard curves were established. The detection results from the spiked samples closely matched the theoretical values, indicating high quantitative accuracy of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of yam starch coating with aroeira leaf extract on post-harvest quality preservation of ‘Tommy’ mangoes","authors":"Nayara de Sousa Silva ,&nbsp;Gezaildo Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Cristiani Viegas Brandão Grisi ,&nbsp;Vanessa Bordin Vieira ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Alves Dantas ,&nbsp;George Henrique Camêlo Guimarães ,&nbsp;Maria Inês Sucupira Maciel","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em> L.) is a tropical fruit of great economic importance, particularly for Brazilian exports. However, its perishability poses a significant challenge for international trade. This study evaluated the effects of edible coatings based on yam starch combined with aroeira leaf extract on the post-harvest conservation of ‘Tommy’ mangoes. The results demonstrated that the coatings delayed fruit ripening, maintaining a green coloration for a longer period than the control. Weight loss was significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in coated fruits, ranging from 9.5 % to 10.75 % after 12 days, compared with 12.25 % in the control fruit. The soluble solid (SS) content increased during storage but was lower in coated fruits, indicating a slower ripening rate. Fruit pH increased over time, with lower values observed for the treated fruits. Titratable acidity decreased over time but was better preserved in the coated fruits. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were significantly higher in coated fruits, highlighting the effectiveness of aroeira extract in preserving the nutritional quality. The coating reduced the antioxidant degradation and delayed the enzymatic oxidation. We conclude that the use of edible coatings based on yam starch and aroeira extract is a viable and sustainable alternative to extend the shelf life of mangoes, reduce post-harvest losses, and preserve nutritional attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111659"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal nondestructive testing of tender coconut water quality using spectroscopy, computer vision, and deep learning","authors":"Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Renlong Huang ,&nbsp;Zheng Wei ,&nbsp;Meizhen Xie ,&nbsp;Lipin Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Huan Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of nondestructive testing techniques is essential for ensuring accurate and efficient quality assessment of coconut water. Therefore, this study intends to develop a multimodal nondestructive testing method to evaluate coconut water storage time and quality indicators, by integrating spectroscopy and computer vision (CV) with multimodal data fusion and deep learning approaches. The results demonstrated that the regression models for coconut water quality indicators based on hyperspectral data generally outperformed those using near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Furthermore, the models developed using selected characteristic wavelengths surpassed those utilizing the full spectra, with the models for pH and turbidity achieving the highest performance. The discriminative models for coconut water storage time based on hyperspectral data outperformed those using NIR spectra and CV images, with the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) achieving the highest accuracy. In addition, the study demonstrated that data fusion techniques can significantly enhance the performance of regression and discriminative models. The fused data yielded the highest classification accuracies for coconut water storage time, reaching 92.31 % at room temperature and 94.74 % under cold storage, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111660"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and fruit preservation properties of castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane","authors":"Chao-Peng Liang ,&nbsp;Fang-Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Hai-Yan Ren ,&nbsp;Liang Wen ,&nbsp;Xiang-Jun Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is a sustainable polymer valued for its mechanical strength, flexibility, and biocompatibility. However, its potential in fruit preservation remains underexplored. In this study, a castor oil-based WPU was synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity, preservation performance, and biosafety. The nanoscale WPU emulsion exhibited strong film-forming ability and inhibited <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> by disrupting membranes, as indicated by protein/nucleic acid leakage, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and structural damage. When applied to grapes, cherry tomatoes, blueberries, and bananas, WPU effectively reduced microbial contamination, delayed weight loss, and maintained pH and pigment stability during storage. Biosafety tests showed no adverse effects on wheat seed germination and low cytotoxicity toward eukaryotic cells at moderate concentrations. These results highlight the multifunctional potential of castor oil-based WPU as a safe, bio-based antimicrobial coating for postharvest fruit preservation and an eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical preservatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of egg content in pasta by vibrational spectroscopy","authors":"Tomasz Pawel Czaja ,&nbsp;Aldona Sobota ,&nbsp;Dorota Teterycz ,&nbsp;Roman Szostak","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Application of three spectroscopic techniques, ATR (attenuated total reflection), NIR (near infrared) and DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared FT spectroscopy), in combination with chemometrics for detection of pasta adulteration and egg content determination is reported. The results indicate that PLS models based on ATR spectra allow for determination of the number of eggs in pasta with an RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) error of the order of 0.1 egg/kg for pasta containing from 1 to 6 eggs per kilogram of flour. This error is found to be 2 times higher for two other techniques used. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) based on vibrational spectra conducted for a set of samples including pasta adulterated by addition of vegetable oil or lecithin showed that all applied techniques enable fast and reliable detection of adulterated samples as well as pasta samples without eggs, again the most reliable model was obtained for ATR data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional dynamics, volatome profiling, and hyperspectral-based predictive modeling for quality monitoring of brewer's spent grain during storage","authors":"Pramod Aradwad ,&nbsp;Arman Arefi ,&nbsp;Sharvari Raut ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelfattah ,&nbsp;Mulugeta Admasu Delele ,&nbsp;Cornelia Rauh ,&nbsp;Barbara Sturm","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a nutritionally rich by-product of brewing. However, its short shelf life, driven by environmental conditions, limits its applications beyond animal feed. This study investigates the effect of storage conditions (4, 20, and 35 °C) on BSG quality using non-invasive hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and invasive analytical techniques. Significant degradation of sugars (78.2–79.0 %), fats (21.4–33.3 %), starch (14–19 %), protein (9–15 %), and hemicellulose (20.3–34.4 %) occurred during storage at 20 and 35 °C. In contrast, phenolic content increased by 30–130 %, accompanied by a 1.7–7.8-fold increase in antioxidant activity and a pH shift from 6.4 to 8.8. A total of 65 volatile compounds exhibited temperature and time-dependent changes. Key off-flavor compounds such as 1-octen-3-ol, formic acid, octanic acid, butanoic acid, 2-butanone, and amide were associated with rancid, sour, cheesy, earthy, and bitter aromas in BSG stored at 20 °C and 35 °C. Significant changes in color, pH, stickiness, and odor were evident after 24 h at 20 °C and 12 h at 35 °C. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that pyruvate metabolism, cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism were the dominant metabolic pathways. HSI combined with machine learning accurately predicted key quality parameters, including total phenols (R²p = 0.9908, RMSEp = 0.1492), total color change (R²p = 0.9680, RMSEp = 0.8285), sugar (R²p = 0.9917, RMSEp = 0.6038), protein (R²p = 0.9756, RMSEp = 1.9467), pH (R²p = 0.9037, RMSEp = 0.2605), and fat (R²p = 0.9866, RMSEp = 0.8618). Specific wavelengths associated with chemical and physical changes were identified, and spatial distribution maps provided real-time visualization of spoilage progression. These findings highlight the potential of HSI as a rapid, non-invasive, and cost-effective technique for real-time quality monitoring and shelf life management of BSG, supporting its broader valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid on-site detection of chromium contamination in foods using a naked-eye DMSA-AuNPs colorimetric sensor","authors":"Xiaoyong Hu ,&nbsp;Yuhuan Qin ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhao ,&nbsp;Joseph Brake ,&nbsp;Shuangbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenxue Sun ,&nbsp;Jiang Bian ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of chromium in various industrial processes may cause toxic effects in organisms due to its accumulation in the environment and foods. Traditional methods for chromium detection are time-consuming and infeasible for on-site usage. It is urgent to build a rapid, real-time and economical method for determining chromium to ensure human health and environmental safety. Here we developed an optimized colorimetric method for rapid detection of Cr³⁺ ion based on the specific chromium chelator 2′3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) which was screened by a novel biological method. Chemical methods further verified the specificity of DMSA for chromium. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that DMSA is safe for utilization. DMSA was complexed with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to increase the specificity and sensitivity for Cr³⁺. The optimized DMSA-AuNPs reaction achieved a color change from wine red to blue upon adding Cr³⁺ at less than 5 μM. The naked-eye visual detection limit was 0.5 μM with a total reaction time of less than 1 min. The linear range of this colorimetric sensor was 0.5–5 μM and the detection limit reached 23 nM. The Cr³⁺ detection by DMSA-AuNPs across several food samples including rice, soybean, milk, grape, peach and cabbage was consistent with those determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Its detection results in 6 food samples (rice, soybean, milk, etc.) are highly consistent with ICP-MS (correlation coefficient R² &gt; 0.99), and the entire detection process can be completed within 1 min. Our study provides an original and practical method for rapid, safe, on-site and cost-effective chromium monitoring of water, foods and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111655"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boronic acid-functionalized covalent organic frameworks coated steel sheet as an ambient mass spectrometry ion source for rapid determination of macrolides in milk","authors":"Zhengchao Shen ,&nbsp;Xiuli Xu ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Du ,&nbsp;Tong Liu ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrolides are widely-used antibiotics that have raised continuous concerns due to their potential toxicity to humans. Determination of macrolides in complex food matrices by ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) remains a challenge because the lack of selectivity of AMS ion source. Herein, we proposed a novel boronic acid-functionalized covalent organic frameworks coated steel sheet (SSS@COF@BA) serving both as an extraction substrate and an AMS ion source for macrolide determination. The boronic groups on SSS@COF@BA surface can specifically capture the macrolides containing cis-diols via boronate affinity and thereby greatly enhance the extraction selectivity. The adsorption studies revealed that SSS@COF@BA exhibited high selectivity with enrichment factors of 62.26–191.11 compared to bare SSS and satisfactory recoveries for macrolide extraction (&gt;80 %) in the presence of interfering antibiotics, large adsorption capacities (6.18–28.58 μg/piece), and good reusability (≥six cycles). The SSS@COF@BA after extraction process was directly subjected to high voltages for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection. The proposed SSS@COF@BA-ESI-MS method was validated, and proven to be rapid (analysis time &lt;1 min), sensitive (limits of detection: 0.01–0.09 μg/kg) and accurate (recoveries: 81.84–110.23 %) for trace macrolide determination in milk. Overall, this study introduces an efficient approach for the rapid detection of trace food contaminants by the self-developed selective AMS ion source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111656"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and molecular identification of anisakid nematodes in anchovies from the Gulf of California, Mexico","authors":"Dania López-Moreno ,&nbsp;Marta Valmaseda-Angulo ,&nbsp;Jesús Servando Hernández-Orts ,&nbsp;José A. Cruz-Barraza ,&nbsp;Emigdio Marín-Enríquez ,&nbsp;Rebeca Sánchez-Cárdenas ,&nbsp;Marlenne Manzano-Sarabia ,&nbsp;Felipe Amezcua ,&nbsp;Juan R.F. Vallarta-Zarate ,&nbsp;Francisco N. Morales-Serna","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anisakid nematodes are parasitic worms of public health relevance due to their zoonotic potential through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood infected by larvae L3. Anchovies are important fisheries resources in the Gulf of California; however, the presence and identity of anisakid larvae in these pelagic fish remain undocumented. In this study, three anchovy species, <em>Cetengraulis mysticetus</em> (Pacific anchovy), <em>Engraulis mordax</em> (Californian anchovy), and <em>Anchoa nasus</em> (longnose anchovy), were examined to determine anisakid infection levels and species identity using molecular markers (ITS and <em>cox2</em>). <em>Cetengraulis mysticetus</em> exhibited a high prevalence of infection (67 %), while <em>E. mordax</em> showed a low prevalence (1.2 %); no anisakids were detected in <em>A. nasus</em>. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses allowed the identification of larvae of <em>Anisakis pegreffii</em> in <em>E. mordax</em>. Although its occurrence was rare, this recognized zoonotic species warrants continued surveillance due to its pathogenic potential. Larvae in <em>C. mysticetus</em> were identified as <em>Contracaecum bioccai</em>, which can be regarded as potentially zoonotic given its taxonomic affiliation and the limited knowledge about its pathogenicity. This study provides the first molecular characterization of anisakid larvae in anchovies from the Gulf of California and contributes valuable baseline data for regional parasite ecology and food safety assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 111657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections linked to alfalfa sprouts – United States, 2022","authors":"Mardea Caulcrick-Grimes ,&nbsp;Brianna K.D. Loeck ,&nbsp;Patricia Homola ,&nbsp;Tong-Jen Fu ,&nbsp;Jonathan Burgos ,&nbsp;Daniela Schoelen ,&nbsp;Robert Literman ,&nbsp;Evelyn Ladines ,&nbsp;Annemarie Buchholz ,&nbsp;Grace Tung ,&nbsp;Natalie Smith ,&nbsp;Bryan F. Buss ,&nbsp;Lauren Jansen ,&nbsp;Alexandra Palacios ,&nbsp;Emily McCutchen ,&nbsp;Chad Wetzel ,&nbsp;Hunter McClellan ,&nbsp;Caitlyn Andrews ,&nbsp;Eastlyn Wright ,&nbsp;Erik Pearson ,&nbsp;Stelios Viazis","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and state and local public health and regulatory agencies investigated an outbreak of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium infections linked to alfalfa sprouts. A total of 63 ill people were reported in eight states, including ten hospitalizations. Interviews of ill people identified raw alfalfa sprouts as the vehicle of interest. A traceback investigation, including eight points of service in three states, identified a single grower as the source of the alfalfa sprouts. An inspection by FDA and Nebraska Department of Agriculture at the grower identified deviations from food safety standards and violations to FDA's produce safety regulation, including failure to follow the production batch testing requirements. The grower voluntarily recalled four lots of raw alfalfa sprouts. Retail sprout samples collected by state and local officials and sprouts and alfalfa seed samples collected by FDA during inspections at the grower and distributor all tested negative. The epidemiologic, traceback, and inspectional evidence supported the conclusion that alfalfa sprouts from the single grower were the source of illnesses. Whole genome sequencing data from Australian clinical isolates, after the outbreak concluded, supported that contaminated seed was the likely source of sprout contamination. Rapid response and collaborative efforts by federal, state, and local public health officials helped identify the outbreak source and implement the necessary control measures for preventing further illnesses. Established food safety requirements are necessary to reduce foodborne illnesses associated with the production of sprouts for human consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 111654"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}