Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110940
Xueying Wu , Yongxin Liu , Zhengli Guo , Na Ji , Qingjie Sun , Tongjie Liu , Yang Li
{"title":"Antifungal activities of Pediococcus pentosaceus LWQ1 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LWQ17 isolated from sourdough and their efficacies on preventing spoilage of Chinese steamed bread","authors":"Xueying Wu , Yongxin Liu , Zhengli Guo , Na Ji , Qingjie Sun , Tongjie Liu , Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The short shelf life of Chinese steamed bread (CSB) at room temperature due to moldy contamination restricts its popularity. This study aimed to evaluate two selected lactic acid bacteria strains, namely <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> LWQ17 (LWQ17) and <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> LWQ1 (LWQ1), on their antifungal activities and potential applications in CSB making. The results showed that both strains, especially LWQ17, displayed remarkable inhibition against <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Penicillium polonicum</em>, the representative species found in CSB spoilage. LWQ17 and LWQ1 destroyed the cell membranes of the fungi and caused a loss of intracellular substances. When applied in CSB making, both strains could delay the germination of mold on the surface of CSB in a season-dependent way. LWQ17 delayed the germination of mold by 4 d in Spring and Winter, while 1 d in Summer and Autumn. Further study revealed that their antifungal activities were greatly influenced by temperatures and humidity. Both strains could completely inhibit the germination of mold during two weeks of storage under 37 °C but with different humidity levels. Moreover, our results demonstrated that acidic substances were crucial in inhibiting the fungi, while proteinic substances and hydrogen peroxide played an auxiliary role. Analysis of their acids by targeted metabolomics showed that LWQ17 produced more kinds of acids, and the amount of phenyllactic acid produced by LWQ17 was 60 times higher than that produced by LWQ1, which may explain its better antifungal efficacy. This study provides a reference for employing lactic acid bacteria in CSB preservation under different conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110940"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Portfolio of interventions to mature human organizational dimensions of food safety culture in food businesses","authors":"Pauline Spagnoli , Peter Vlerick , Kaat Pareyn , Pauline Foubert , Liesbeth Jacxsens","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consensus among academic scholars and practitioners has grown on the principle that established food safety management systems (to control and assure food safety in food businesses) need to be complemented by human components, to develop, nurture and shape a mature food safety culture. This study explores how food safety culture, focused on human organizational elements, can be matured by dedicated interventions. A database of potential intervention strategies was set up through literature reviews. The literature-based database of interventions was enriched with practitioners’ insights, through a modified Delphi study with a panel of food safety experts active in the food industry. Combining results, a portfolio is presented consisting of 68 unique and science-based food safety culture interventions. These are ranked by stakeholders based on their perceived effectiveness to improve food safety culture, reported with their most relevant barriers of success, and extra comments concerning their implementation or concept. With this approach, the topic of food safety culture improvement is elucidated through the proposition of tangible and science-based, yet practical and industry oriented, intervention strategies for maturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110937"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110939
Sina Röhrs , Kornél Nagy , Martin Kreutzer , Richard Stadler , Sascha Rohn , Yvonne Pfeifer
{"title":"Identifying food safety risks with a novel digitally-driven food safety early warning tool – A retrospective study on the pesticide ethylene oxide","authors":"Sina Röhrs , Kornél Nagy , Martin Kreutzer , Richard Stadler , Sascha Rohn , Yvonne Pfeifer","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foodborne diseases present a major global health challenge, with 600 million annual cases and 420,000 deaths worldwide in 2023 reported by the <em>World Health Organization</em>, underscoring the critical need for early risk detection and swift measures. Novel solutions for early risk detection in food are emerging due to artificial intelligence-based data models. By applying diverse algorithms and ontologies in data processing, the continually expanding amount of available data can be harnessed in a precise manner. To assess the efficacy of such technologies in early risk detection, we evaluated whether the risk to exceed a legal limit for ethylene oxide – specifically in sesame seeds – could have been identified sooner with the assistance of a commercially available Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based platform. The non-compliance of sesame seeds led to various product recalls in the year 2020. The result of this retrospective case study shows that the first indirect indications of the issue started to emerge from the year 2018 with initial <em>Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed</em> (RASFF) notification of ethylene oxide limit value exceedances in black pepper powder. Based on these promising findings, the subsequent challenge is to develop a methodology for systematically categorizing and evaluating similar risks in the light of the exponentially growing volume of accessible data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110942
Xiaowei Chen , Yujun Feng , Yuanyuan Wang , Xin Yang , Xingping Zhang , Hualin Yang , Yu Zhou
{"title":"Colorimetric and fluorescence dual-mode detection of Oxytetracycline based on Hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme and ZIF-8","authors":"Xiaowei Chen , Yujun Feng , Yuanyuan Wang , Xin Yang , Xingping Zhang , Hualin Yang , Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the gradual increase of oxytetracycline (OTC) residue in the environment, it is particularly important to establish a sensitive and efficient method to detect OTC. In this work, a novel colorimetric and fluorescence dual-mode detection method based on hemin/G-quadruplex (hemin/G4) DNAzyme and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is developed. OTC can compete with G4 to bind hemin to reduce the amount of hemin/G4. Thus, the oxidation of 3, 3’, 5, 5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue color by hemin/G4 is inhibited. In addition, the OTC or OTC-hemin can be aggregated with the help of ZIF-8 to produce strong green fluorescence due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. In colorimetric and fluorescence mode, the linear ranges of the new method are 0.375-18 μM and 0-52.5 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.116 μM and 0.040 μM, respectively. Besides, this new method has a good selectivity and recovery rate in the detection of real samples. Therefore, the method can be used for the efficient and sensitive detection of OTC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110936
Sixiang Xu , Xiaona Yan , Pei Li , Xiaoyue Li , Xiangkuan Zheng , Xiaoxiao Pang , Long Chen , Zihao Pan , Jiale Ma , Xiang Huo , Wei Zhang
{"title":"A novel K57-specific Klebsiella pneumoniae phage disinfects milk and inhibits biofilm formation","authors":"Sixiang Xu , Xiaona Yan , Pei Li , Xiaoyue Li , Xiangkuan Zheng , Xiaoxiao Pang , Long Chen , Zihao Pan , Jiale Ma , Xiang Huo , Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)</em>, especially serotype K57, is a major pathogen in dairy bovine mastitis, causing significant economic losses and posing a public health risk through contaminated dairy products. In addition, K57 is highly virulent among serotypes infecting humans, leading to serious conditions such as pyogenic liver abscess. In this study, we isolated and identified a bacteriophage called vB_Kp_Z57 that targets K57 serotype <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolates from human and bovine sources. The phage has a latent period of 4 min and can produce approximately 233 phages per infected bacterial cell. vB_Kp_Z57 is stable over a temperature range of 4 °C to 60 °C and a pH range of 5–11. Sequencing and assembly of the phage genome revealed DNA molecules consisting of 40,316 base pairs. After genome annotation with bioinformatics software, it was discovered that the phage genome encodes 48 proteins, with no detected lysogeny genes, toxin genes, or tRNA-related genes. vB_Kp_Z57 was classified as a member of genus <em>Przondovirus</em>, family Autographiviridae. The results of bacteriostatic experiments show that vB_Kp_Z57 has a good effect on inhibiting bacterial growth. Notably, vB_Kp_Z57 significantly inhibited the growth of its host bacteria in milk at refrigerated temperatures of 4 °C and room temperature. Biofilm inhibition experiments revealed that phage vB_Kp_Z57 significantly reduced OD<sub>595</sub> values in all phage-treated groups, indicating its potential as an effective biocontrol agent against <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. Our findings show the promise of vB_Kp_Z57 as a novel and environmentally friendly solution to address the challenges associated with <em>K. pneumoniae</em> in dairy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110936"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110938
A. Cathérine Tohonon, Romaric Ouétchéhou, Mathias Hounsou, Oscar Zannou, D. Sylvain Dabadé
{"title":"Food hygiene in Sub-Saharan Africa: A focus on catering services","authors":"A. Cathérine Tohonon, Romaric Ouétchéhou, Mathias Hounsou, Oscar Zannou, D. Sylvain Dabadé","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food hygiene plays a vital role in ensuring food safety and suitability by preventing contamination throughout the food chain. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), ensuring food hygiene remains a big challenge. This review aims to (i) analyze the gaps between international food hygiene requirements based on prerequisite programs (PRPs) and current practices observed in catering services in SSA; (ii) highlight pathogens associated with foods in the region, their resistance to antibiotics and the potential effect of climate changes on them; (iii) address food safety management in the region based on the Food Safety Objective (FSO) approach. To that end, a literature review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, using specific key terms to identify relevant articles on food hygiene in SSA. Results showed that while there are variations across countries, the overall trend reveals that most catering services in the region do not meet critical hygiene standards. This has contributed to the contamination of food by various pathogens, such as <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Bacillus cereus.</em> The developed models help predict the growth and reduction of <em>Salmonella</em> in chickens under various conditions, offering a tool for setting performance objectives to ensure consumer safety. To address food hygiene challenges in the region, this study emphasizes action on three pivotal fronts: implementing evidence-based awareness campaigns, enhancing the capacities of stakeholders, and tailoring food regulations to suit specific contexts. Central to the effectiveness of these measures is the establishment of an enabling political environment characterized by strong inter-institutional cooperation and dynamic public-private partnerships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110938"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110932
Shirin Akter , Md. Ashikur Rahman , Md. Ashrafudoulla , Si Hong Park , Sang-Do Ha
{"title":"Seafood and biofilm: Mitigation strategies for food safety","authors":"Shirin Akter , Md. Ashikur Rahman , Md. Ashrafudoulla , Si Hong Park , Sang-Do Ha","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seafood is essential for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in enhancing food security and supporting sustainable livelihoods. However, the seafood industry faces challenges due to the short shelf life of its products, primarily caused by microbial contamination and biofilm formation, which increase resistance to conventional preservation methods. This review examines the microbial hazards associated with seafood, focusing on the complexities of biofilm formation on seafood and processing equipment. It explores advanced non-thermal decontamination technologies, such as electron beam irradiation, cold plasma, and ultrasonication, alongside natural antimicrobial strategies, including plant extracts, biosurfactants, and antimicrobial peptides. These innovative methods show potential for enhancing seafood safety, extending shelf life, and preserving nutritional quality. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing research into effective biofilm control, improved detection methods, and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure the production of safe, high-quality seafood. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis highlights current research trends and key focus areas within this field, providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving scientific landscape related to seafood safety and biofilm management, and identifying critical opportunities for future research and innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110934
Haeseong Jeong , Jiwoo Cho , Jaehyung Han , Young-Seung Yoon , Hyung Gyun Kim , Jaejin Kim , Hoeil Chung
{"title":"Large-area coverage–transmission near-infrared measurement of dried laver to determine crude protein content","authors":"Haeseong Jeong , Jiwoo Cho , Jaehyung Han , Young-Seung Yoon , Hyung Gyun Kim , Jaejin Kim , Hoeil Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large-area coverage (LAC)–transmission near-infrared (NIR) measurement scheme was demonstrated to determine the crude protein content of a dried laver sheet. Because dried laver sheets are large (approximately 19 cm × 21 cm) and the algae packing over the sheet is not homogeneous with including numerous void spots, acquisition of sample-representative and reproducible spectra is necessary for reliable quality evaluations. The proposed scheme incorporated a fixed NIR illumination in the <em>y</em> direction and an <em>xz</em>-direction linear motor stage, allowing for a snake scan over an area of 10 cm × 7 cm. This scheme successfully acquired sample-representative and reproducible NIR spectra of nonhomogeneous laver-sheet samples. The predicted crude protein contents of the samples correlated closely with those determined using conventional Kjeldahl analysis, which required destructive sample digestion. The proposed LAC-NIR scheme demonstrated its suitability as a quality assurance tool in real-world field analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110921
Long Zhao , Yiying Gu , Hua Cai , Xin Xu , Jianguo Yu , Jing Li , Ying Shen , Leiyan Zhu , Yan Jin , Mei Zhang , Ruihua Dong , Bo Chen
{"title":"Microplastics release from infant feeding bottles and milk storage bags","authors":"Long Zhao , Yiying Gu , Hua Cai , Xin Xu , Jianguo Yu , Jing Li , Ying Shen , Leiyan Zhu , Yan Jin , Mei Zhang , Ruihua Dong , Bo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The health impairment of microplastics (MPs) in infants has received considerable attention, with oral ingestion being an important exposure route. However, research remains limited on MPs released in feeding bottles (FBs) and breastmilk storage bottles (BSBs) during daily use. To address this gap, our study investigated the MPs released from polyphenylene sulfone resins (PPSU)-FBs, silicone-FBs, polyethylene (PE)-BSBs, and low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-BSBs under typical usage conditions. Our findings revealed that the four materials of FBs and BSBs can release 1465–5893 particles/L MPs (median concentration). The predominant MPs released from all FBs and PE-BSBs were identified as PE, while LDPE-BSBs predominantly released polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acrylates (ACR). Approximately 70% of MPs were found within the 20–50 μm particle size range. Higher temperatures led to a two-fold increase in the total MPs. Notably, infants would additionally intake 2080–5910 MPs per day through FBs and BSBs. Months with higher nutritional requirements, and when using silicone FBs and LDPE BSBs, increased the ingestion of MPs in infants. In conclusion, our study highlighted that those FBs and BSBs can precipitate varying numbers, types, and particle sizes of MPs. To protect infants from MPs ingestion, it is recommended to choose non-plastic FBs and non-plastic breastmilk storage containers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110921"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ControlPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110925
Sharayu S. Chaudhari , Pravin O. Patil , Sachin S. Mali , Md Shamsher Alam , Sopan N. Nangare , Sanjaykumar B. Bari , Zamir G. Khan
{"title":"Design and synthesis of surface-decorated zinc-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for tartrazine detection in real food samples exploiting the inner filter effect mechanism","authors":"Sharayu S. Chaudhari , Pravin O. Patil , Sachin S. Mali , Md Shamsher Alam , Sopan N. Nangare , Sanjaykumar B. Bari , Zamir G. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We developed a rapid and sensitive method for detecting tartrazine (Tar), a common food colorant, using zinc-doped carbon quantum dots (Zn-doped CQDs). Synthesized from biowaste pigeon pod shells and zinc acetate, the Zn-doped CQDs exhibited a high quantum yield (47.63%) and were characterized by photo-stability, non-toxicity, and water solubility. The inner filter effect (IFE) allows selective attenuation of Zn-doped CQD fluorescence by Tar, enabling precise detection. The approach obtains a low detection limit of 20.35 ng/mL and a quantification limit of 61.69 ng/mL within a linear range of 0–100 ng/mL under optimal conditions when employing the Box-Behnken statistical design. The approach demonstrates excellent reproducibility, successfully detecting Tar in real food samples with recovery rates ranging from 89% to 102.2%. This high accuracy confirms the sensor's reliability and effectiveness in practical applications. This cost-effective and rapid technique presents a promising solution for monitoring Tar levels in food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110925"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}