Work (Reading, Mass.)最新文献

{"title":"Design for All - Design for Disabled: How important is anthropometry?","authors":"Gunther Paul,&nbsp;Isabella Tiziana Steffan,&nbsp;Nana Itoh,&nbsp;Richard Bowman,&nbsp;Bruce Bradtmiller","doi":"10.3233/WOR-211106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Design for All or Universal Design is a relatively new domain in Ergonomics. With globally ageing populations, it has however recently gained significant interest.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This position paper summarizes the outcomes of a workshop held at the virtual 21st Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. The paper expands the horizon of traditional Ergonomics into a domain where people are differently abled and establishes a platform for the essential needs of future ergonomic standards which are required to inform inclusive design guidelines, or Design for All, extending the range of users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The paper includes contributions from Asian, Australian, European and US workshop participants who are accessibility design experts in their respective geographic regions. The paper summarizes issues related to anthropometry in the Design for All, based on recent work in the US (Access board) and actual developments in various national and international accessibility standardization bodies, such as the Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand, the European Standardization Organization (EN 17210:2021; EN 17161:2019) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 21542:2021 and BS ISO 7176-5:2008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The paper concludes that despite the identification of a significant gap in knowledge of the anthropometry of people with disabilities as far back as 1990, work towards bridging the gap and enabling ergonomic standardization has not progressed since then globally. The lack of standardization in anthropometric data on people with a physical disability continues to complicate provision of data for mobility and accessibility design and hampers accessibility standardization efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"S57-S65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33482241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden power of affective products and environments.","authors":"Rosemary R Seva","doi":"10.3233/WOR-211187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Designs that evoke fun and surprise have been successful in driving uncommon positive behavior. Affective design (AD) is based on the premise that products and services can elicit strong affective responses that can be harnessed for specific purposes such as increasing consumption.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper aims to discuss the theoretical foundations and applications of AD to address contemporary consumption, recycling, and healthcare issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Current applications of AD to address environmental and health issues were analyzed in terms of effectiveness in changing user behavior. Relevant concepts were used to provide future research directions in this field.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early applications of AD focused on designing products to increase customer satisfaction and stimulate consumption. The method, however, is auspicious in solving relevant societal and global problems. To pave the way for successful integration of AD, one research direction is the need to identify the right emotion to elicit in a certain context. There is a dearth of literature to promote sustainable consumption, such as using less energy, minimizing carbon footprint, or just taking care of the environment using AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of AD is a strategy that can be used to prompt behavior beneficial to society and the environment. Literature on AD suggests that a deliberate effort to manipulate design factors can work to elicit strong affective responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"S5-S14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The barriers and opportunities to support the early career academics and professionals in human factors/ergonomics - revisiting reflections from IEA2015, IEA2018 & IEA2021.","authors":"Sadeem Munawar Qureshi,&nbsp;Jonathan Davy,&nbsp;Katie Buckley","doi":"10.3233/WOR-211216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Early-Career Community (ECC) comprises researchers, practitioners, and professionals in their \"early-career\" stages in the Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) profession. Early-career HFE professionals are essential to both current industry decision making and future growth of our profession.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper provides detailed insights into the barriers and suggestions to support engagement with ECC within the International Ergonomics Association (IEA) and its Federated Societies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This report integrates key findings from the formal and informal discussions that occurred with diverse groups of stakeholders (n > 100) at IEA2015, IEA2018 and IEA2021 guided by the participatory inquiry paradigm, cooperative action-inquiry and participatory ergonomics approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Barriers to support ECC include: a lack of employment opportunities, poor general awareness and integration of HFE in existing university-courses, financial constraints, inclusivity challenges and a lack of Influence in decision-making. While some of the more systemic challenges are context-specific and cannot be overcome, ECCs suggested that: the IEA and its Federated Societies include ECC members as part of their boards; a Standing Committee for the ECCs be established as part of the IEA; make use of social-media more effectively to engage the ECC. More mentorship, networking, knowledge sharing, training and education, combined with financial-support will ensure that the ECC can participate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECC members experience complex and dynamic challenges that affect their development and involvement in the broader HFE profession. It is therefore critical that appropriate, global, national and local strategies are developed to continue to support and develop the ECC to ensure the continued growth of and demand for HFE.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"S67-S80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of conveyor belt work in the canteen kitchen: A question of working height?","authors":"Daniela Ohlendorf,&nbsp;Laura Schneidereit,&nbsp;Ingo Hermanns,&nbsp;Fabian Holzgreve,&nbsp;Laura Maltry,&nbsp;Rolf Ellegast,&nbsp;Eileen M Wanke,&nbsp;Albert Nienhaus,&nbsp;David A Groneberg","doi":"10.3233/WOR-205170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Working in forced postures and standing continuously can be classified as straining the musculoskeletal system.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since such postures are frequently used in hospital canteen kitchens, we used kinematic analysis to determine the working postures of canteen kitchen staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the daily work routine of 18 (11 w/7 m) workers of a hospital canteen kitchen (Frankfurt Main/Germany) aged 21-62 years (46±13 years) was examined by means of kinematic analysis (CULEA system; IFA; Sankt Augustin/Germany) and a detailed computerized analysis of the activities performed on-site. Angle values of the head and trunk were evaluated in accordance with ergonomic standards and presented using percentile values (P05-P95). The OWAS method was also employed to capture the proportions of standing, walking and sitting work.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The kinematic posture analysis showed for all activities on the conveyor belt a tendency towards a dorsally inclined body position: trunk inclination (-7.5° to 0), thoracic spine inclination or a bending forward (-11.3° to 0°) and curvature of the back within the thoracic spine (-15.2° to 0°). In addition, >90% of the \"activities on the belt\" (46% of the daily working routine) were carried out standing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The activities on the conveyor belt were characterized by a tendency towards hyperextension of the trunk, possibly due to a too high working environment. Furthermore, an increased burden on body structures while standing can be concluded. From a primary prevention perspective, this increased standing load should be reduced by behavioral and relational prevention measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"881-894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40712659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of a safety climate scale among workers with a work-related permanent impairment who have returned to work.","authors":"Yueng-Hsiang Huang,&nbsp;Jeanne M Sears,&nbsp;Yimin He,&nbsp;Theodore K Courtney,&nbsp;Elisa Rega,&nbsp;Anna Kelly","doi":"10.3233/WOR-205285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Safety climate (SC) is a robust leading indicator of occupational safety outcomes. There is, however, limited research on SC among workers who have returned to work with a work-related permanent impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined three propositions: (1) a two-level model of SC (group-level and organization-level SC) will provide the best fit to the data; (2) antecedent factors such as safety training, job demands, supervisor support, coworker support, and decision latitude will predict SC; and (3) previously reported associations between SC and outcomes such as reinjury, work-family conflict, job performance, and job security will be observed.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A representative cross-sectional survey gathered information about experiences during the first year of work reintegration. About one year after claim closure, 599 interviews with workers were conducted (53.8% response rate). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of the SC construct. Further, researchers used correlation analyses to examine the criterion-related validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with general worker populations, our findings suggest the following: (1) the two-factor structure of SC outperformed the single-factor structure in our population of workers with a permanent impairment; (2) correlations demonstrate that workplace safety training, decision latitude, supervisor support, coworker support, and job demands could predict SC; and (3) SC may positively impact reinjury risk, work-family conflict, and may increase job performance and job security.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study validated a two-factor SC scale among workers with a history of disabling workplace injury or permanent impairment who have returned to work. Practical applications of this scale will equip organizations with the necessary data to improve working conditions for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"927-936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40712663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting blue-collar employees' work ability: A qualitative study on occupational health practitioners' perspective on feasible interventions.","authors":"Alexandra Jussli,&nbsp;Paloma Ocampo Villegas,&nbsp;Sonia Lippke","doi":"10.3233/WOR-205329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Work in the industrial sector underlies deep structural changes triggered by demographic and societal transformations. These developments require tailored measures for maintaining employees' work ability by reacting to new demands and overcoming barriers in organizational implementation. Previous research lacks in considering practitioners' perspective in terms of tailoring effective interventions to the workplace conditions of blue-collar employees.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to enrich the understanding of work ability by using the job-demands-resources (JDR)-theory and the work ability house concept as basis and considering aspects of organizational measures' feasibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data results from observations of the collaboration between occupational health professionals and supervisors on the shop-floor and n = 18 semi-structured interviews with different occupational health stakeholders. A participatory and qualitative approach characterizes this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study participants report on how increasing organizational demands of efficiency and uncertainty affect workability promotion of blue-collar employees. Furthermore, the findings imply aspects regarding feasible interventions. For designing effective interventions, specifically psychosocial aspects such as work intensification, job uncertainty, work-life-conflicts, and inter-personal trust need to be addressed. Measures need to be aligned better to the industrial setting with specific focus on decision-makers' interests and intra-organizational collaboration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further research should investigate interrelationships between relevant psycho-social job demands and resources. Moreover, additional aspects, which are related to measures implementation in the organizational sphere, need to be identified. Practical implications connect organizational sciences with the workability theory and the job-demands-resources (JDR)-theory by focusing more on psychological work design and intra-organizational collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"591-610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40611224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of physiotherapy management on burnout syndrome amongst IT professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"A Kumaresan,&nbsp;Nivya Sebastian,&nbsp;Prathap Suganthirababu,&nbsp;Vignesh Srinivasan,&nbsp;Surya Vishnuram,&nbsp;Priyadharshini Kumar,&nbsp;Vanitha Jayaraj,&nbsp;Jagatheesan Alagesan,&nbsp;Lavanya Prathap,&nbsp;Praveenkumar Kandakurti","doi":"10.3233/WOR-220051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive stress. Burnout weakens the energy of an individual which reduces productivity and leaves this individual helpless, hopeless, cynical, and resentful. Thus, an early diagnosis of this syndrome has to be done and ways to prevent the level of progression and complication of burnout syndrome has to be planned.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the efficacy of self-supervised Jacobson's relaxation technique along with Bhastrika Pranayama in reducing the level of burnout among the work-from-home IT professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty participants with burnout syndrome were randomly divided into two groups (15 participants in each group) using random allocation. The experimental group received Jacobson's relaxation technique along with Bhastrika Pranayama, whereas the control group received diaphragmatic breathing exercises and chest expansion exercises. Pre-test and post-test values using Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to interpret the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data collected were analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. It shows that there is a significant reduction in the level of burnout in the experimental group when compared to the control group at a p-value of 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From the results, it is concluded that Jacobson's relaxation technique along with diaphragmatic breathing exercises showed significant improvement in the reduction of burnout levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"769-775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40625347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of trataka in ameliorating visual strain and promoting psychological well-being during prolonged use of digital displays: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"P S Swathi,&nbsp;Apar Avinash Saoji,&nbsp;Raghavendra Bhat","doi":"10.3233/WOR-210834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prolonged usage of digital displays leads to visual strain and, in turn, impairs psychological well-being. The practice of Yoga is said to enhance psychological functions and reduce visual strain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study assessed the effect of the trataka (Yogic visual concentration) practice on the visual strain, mind-wandering, and mindfulness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred six volunteers equally distributed in the experimental and control groups completed the study. Visual Fatigue Scale (VFS), visual symptoms checklist (VSC), mind-wandering questionnaire (MWQ), and State Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (SMAAS) were administered at baseline and at the end of two weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All variables were similar at the baseline in both groups, and significant differences were noted at the end of two weeks between both groups. There was a significant reduction in VFS and VSC scores, MWQ, along with an increase in SMAAS scores in the experimental group. Although there were significant changes in VFS, MWQ, and SMAAS in the control group, the magnitude of change was minimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The practice of trataka was found to reduce the visual strain, mind wandering while improving the state mindfulness. The practice can be implemented to mitigate visual strain and associated psychological implications due to prolonged exposure to digital displays, which has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39961239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages of virtual reality for the participative design of work processes: An integrative perspective.","authors":"Tammo Straatmann,&nbsp;Jan-Philip Schumacher,&nbsp;Cosima Koßmann,&nbsp;Ludger Poehler,&nbsp;Frank Teuteberg,&nbsp;Karsten Mueller,&nbsp;Kai-Christoph Hamborg","doi":"10.3233/WOR-211260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The participative design of work processes is hampered by as-yet unresolved challenges. A root cause is seen in high information-pass-on-barriers. Virtual Reality (VR) may have a significant potential to overcome these challenges. Yet, there is no systematic understanding of which advantages provided by VR can support the participative design of work processes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims to assess the potential of VR to support the participative design of work processes by conducting an integrative literature review identifying the advantages of VR in general work contexts and mapping them to known challenges in participative design of work processes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The integrative literature review was conducted based on 268 sources of which 52 were considered for an in-depth analysis of the advantages offered by VR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting conceptual framework consisted of 13 characteristic-related advantages (e.g., immersion, interactivity, flexibility) and 10 effect-related advantages (e.g., attractivity, involvement, cost efficiency) which readily address known challenges in the participative design of work processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mapping the advantages of VR to the challenges in participative design of work processes revealed a substantial potential of VR to overcome high information-pass-on-barriers. As such, employing VR in work process design initiatives represents a fruitful avenue for the promotion of prevention and employee health.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"1765-1788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40057913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for quantitatively monitoring the basic risk factors of accidents: A case study on manufacturing companies.","authors":"Mahdi Hosseinpouri,&nbsp;Vahid Mirzaei Majarshin,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Sheikhmozafari,&nbsp;Omran Ahmadi","doi":"10.3233/WOR-205313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering that the frequency of a factor contribution to accidents occurrence is not always a reason for the importance of that factor, in addition to studying the participation of basic risk factors (BRFs) in the occurrence of the accidents, their importance must be investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the present study is to propose a quantitative methodology for monitoring BRFs based on Tripod Beta and Tripod Delta methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, first, the accidents that took place in the manufacturing companies were analyzed using a reactive approach, ie Tripod Beta. In the second step, a proactive, ie Tripod Delta was used to identify the weaknesses in the companies using safety performance indicators. Finally, a quantitative methodology for monitoring BRFs was proposed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results of the accident analysis, training with 33 cases, hardware with 30 cases, procedures with 25 cases and error induce conditions with 14 cases were the most frequent contributing basic risk factors to the accidents. The lowest score of the basic risk factor indicators was related to the organization (4.9), design (8.8), training (8.3), procedures (8.3), and hardware (8.7). Based on the results, maintenance management, hardware, and training have the highest weight in the occurrence of accidents, 0.23, 0.179, and 0.125, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>he proposed methodology helps the organization to continuously improve safety performance by identifying system's weaknesses before the accident and invest optimally in the system's critical points.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"1397-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40058644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}