Gunther Paul, Isabella Tiziana Steffan, Nana Itoh, Richard Bowman, Bruce Bradtmiller
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引用次数: 1
摘要
背景:面向所有人的设计或通用设计是人体工程学中一个相对较新的领域。然而,随着全球人口老龄化,它最近引起了极大的兴趣。目的:本立场文件总结了在第21届国际人体工程学协会三年一度的虚拟大会上举行的研讨会的成果。本文将传统人机工程学的视野扩展到人们能力不同的领域,并为未来人机工程学标准的基本需求建立了一个平台,这些标准要求为包容性设计指南提供信息,或为所有人设计,扩大用户范围。方法:本文包括来自亚洲、澳大利亚、欧洲和美国的研讨会参与者的贡献,他们是各自地理区域的无障碍设计专家。本文基于美国(Access board)最近的工作以及各种国家和国际无障碍标准化机构的实际发展,总结了与全民设计(Design for All)中人体测量学相关的问题,如澳大利亚标准/新西兰标准、欧洲标准化组织(EN 17210:2021;EN 17161:2019)和国际标准化组织(ISO 21542:2021和BS ISO 7176-5:2008)。结论:该论文的结论是,尽管早在1990年就发现了残疾人人体测量学知识的重大差距,但从那时起,全球范围内缩小差距和实现人体工程学标准化的工作并没有取得进展。身体残疾人士的人体测量数据缺乏标准化,继续使提供移动性和无障碍设计的数据复杂化,并阻碍了无障碍标准化工作。
Design for All - Design for Disabled: How important is anthropometry?
Background: Design for All or Universal Design is a relatively new domain in Ergonomics. With globally ageing populations, it has however recently gained significant interest.
Objective: This position paper summarizes the outcomes of a workshop held at the virtual 21st Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. The paper expands the horizon of traditional Ergonomics into a domain where people are differently abled and establishes a platform for the essential needs of future ergonomic standards which are required to inform inclusive design guidelines, or Design for All, extending the range of users.
Methods: The paper includes contributions from Asian, Australian, European and US workshop participants who are accessibility design experts in their respective geographic regions. The paper summarizes issues related to anthropometry in the Design for All, based on recent work in the US (Access board) and actual developments in various national and international accessibility standardization bodies, such as the Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand, the European Standardization Organization (EN 17210:2021; EN 17161:2019) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 21542:2021 and BS ISO 7176-5:2008).
Conclusions: The paper concludes that despite the identification of a significant gap in knowledge of the anthropometry of people with disabilities as far back as 1990, work towards bridging the gap and enabling ergonomic standardization has not progressed since then globally. The lack of standardization in anthropometric data on people with a physical disability continues to complicate provision of data for mobility and accessibility design and hampers accessibility standardization efforts.