Work (Reading, Mass.)最新文献

{"title":"Employers' attitude, intention, skills and barriers in relation to employment of vulnerable workers.","authors":"G Hulsegge,&nbsp;W Otten,&nbsp;H A van de Ven,&nbsp;A M Hazelzet,&nbsp;R W B Blonk","doi":"10.3233/WOR-210898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known why some organizations employ vulnerable workers and others do not.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationships between the attitude, intention, skills and barriers of employers and employment of vulnerable workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 5,601 inclusive organizations (≥1% of employees had a disability, was long-term unemployed or a school dropout) and 6,236 non-inclusive organizations of the Netherlands Employers Work Survey 2014-2019. We operationalized employer factors based on the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction as attitude (negative impact), intention (mission statement regarding social inclusion), skills (human resources policies and practices), and barriers (economic conditions and type of work). We used multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to non-inclusive organizations, inclusive organizations had a more negative attitude (OR:0.81) and a stronger intention to employ vulnerable workers (OR:6.09). Regarding skills, inclusive organizations had more inclusive human resources practices (OR:4.83) and initiated more supporting human resources actions (OR:4.45). Also, they adapted more work conditions towards the needs of employees (OR:1.52), negotiated about work times and absenteeism (OR:1.49), and had general human resources practices on, for example, employability (OR:1.78). Inclusive organizations had less barriers reflected by better financial results (OR:1.32), more employment opportunities (OR:1.33) and more appropriate work tasks (OR:1.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, inclusive organizations reported more positive results on the employer factors of the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, except for a more negative attitude. The more negative attitude might reflect a more realistic view on the efforts to employ vulnerable groups, and suggests that other unmeasured emotions and beliefs are more positive.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"1215-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40059635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating work into the design: The case of offshore maintenance.","authors":"Priscila B C Leite,&nbsp;Marina P Mercado,&nbsp;Camila P Marins,&nbsp;Fernanda P Tinoco,&nbsp;Francisco J C M Duarte","doi":"10.3233/WOR-211141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ergonomics in design is intended to close the gap between what is designed and the real work. This study discusses the creation of technical ergonomics requirements for the basic design stage of workshops on offshore platforms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper intends to show how the ergonomics discipline contributes to integrating knowledge on the real work of the maintenance crew with the design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case study uses procedures, data collection, and analysis guided by the Ergonomics of the Activity's (EA) theoretical framework, focused on design projects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show how ergonomics contributed to a better understanding of maintenance work, as well as how this knowledge was integrated into the project design. This occurred both through the construction of a new layout and equipment list, and through the development of technical specifications. These products enable greater operational efficiency, reductions in the costs of alterations in the next stages of the project, and improvement in working conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work points to the need for new studies on platform maintenance work, in addition to studies that deepen the debate on consolidating ergonomics practice in design projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"S199-S209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40390947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of work environment with stress and depression among Japanese workers.","authors":"Kiko Shiga,&nbsp;Keisuke Izumi,&nbsp;Kazumichi Minato,&nbsp;Michitaka Yoshimura,&nbsp;Momoko Kitazawa,&nbsp;Sayaka Hanashiro,&nbsp;Kelley Cortright,&nbsp;Shunya Kurokawa,&nbsp;Yuki Momota,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Sado,&nbsp;Takashi Maeno,&nbsp;Toru Takebayashi,&nbsp;Masaru Mimura,&nbsp;Taishiro Kishimoto","doi":"10.3233/WOR-210356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210356","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND There is a lack of studies that investigated the effect of a wide range of work environmental factors on stress and depression in Japan. OBJECTIVES To examine the association of work environment factors with stress and depression among workers in Japan. METHODS We conducted questionnaire surveys of workers that mainly engage in desk work in Japan. Stress was assessed through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), depression through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and work environment through physical and psychological workplace environment questionnaires. Workers were divided into low and high stress groups based on PSS score (median split), and divided into non-depressed and depressed groups based on their PHQ-9 score (<  5, and ≥5); these groups were then compared with their working environment. In addition, a multiple regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Responses were obtained from 210 subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed that \"Ability to work at one's own pace\" and \"Ability to apply personal viewpoint to work,\" etc., had effect on stress, while \"Workplace harassment\" and \"Support from colleagues,\" etc., had effect on depression. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that stress and depression in Japanese workers are related to factors such as job demands, control of work, workplace harassment, and psychological safety.","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"1321-1335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, characteristics, contributing factors, work sector, and impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among otorhinolaryngology practitioners in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sarah Alshehri","doi":"10.3233/WOR-211054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Otorhinolaryngology practitioners are known to be susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), but the incidence of WMSDs in Saudi Arabia has not been documented.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to establish the prevalence, characteristics, contributing factors, work sector, and impact of WMSDs among otorhinolaryngology practitioners in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 104 otorhinolaryngology practitioners in Saudi Arabia using a six-component questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, prevalence, percentages, and chi-square tests were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 65.3%. The reported 12-month incidence of WMSDs was 72.7%. The neck region (67.3%) was the most common site of disorders, followed by the shoulder (49%). The elbow and hip (10.5%) regions were the least commonly affected regions. WMSD prevalence was related to gender, with men more affected than women (neck, shoulders, low back); age, with younger otorhinolaryngology practitioners more affected than older ones (neck, shoulder); work sector, with greater prevalence in government than other sectors (neck); and sub-specialty, with general otolaryngology reporting the highest WMSD frequency, followed by otology and neurotology (neck, shoulder, low back, upper back, knees). Most otorhinolaryngology practitioners experienced two to four episodes of neck, shoulder, and low-back WMSDs. The most significant risk factor for WMSDs was sustained posture for long periods of time (61.5%). The most common strategy implemented against WMSDs was modifying the practitioner's position during treatment (58.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WMSDs among otorhinolaryngology practitioners in Saudi Arabia are very common, with the neck and shoulders regions most often involved. Improved professional skills and an understanding of the principles of ergonomics can prevent the initial development of WMSDs in otorhinolaryngology practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40572498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling important factors on occupational accident severity factor in the construction industry using a combination of artificial neural network and genetic algorithm.","authors":"Farough Mohammadian,&nbsp;Mehran Sadeghi,&nbsp;Saber Moradi Hanifi,&nbsp;Najaf Noorizadeh,&nbsp;Kamaladdin Abedi,&nbsp;Zohreh Fazli","doi":"10.3233/WOR-205271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many occupational accidents annually occur worldwide. The construction industry injury is greater than the average injury to other industries. The severity of occupational accidents and the resulting injuries in these industries is very high and severe and several factors are involved in their occurrence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Modeling important factors on occupational accident severity factor in the construction industry using a combination of artificial neural network and genetic algorithm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, occupational accidents were analyzed and modeled during five years at construction sites of 5 major projects affiliated with a gas turbine manufacturing company based on census sampling. 712 accidents with all the studied variables were selected for the study. The process was implemented in MATLAB software version 2018a using combined artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. Additional information was also collected through checklists and interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean and standard deviation of accident severity rate (ASR) were obtained 283.08±102.55 days. The structure of the model is 21, 42, 42, 2, indicating that the model consists of 21 inputs (selected feature), 42 neurons in the first hidden layer, 42 neurons in the second hidden layer, and 2 output neurons. The two methods of genetic algorithm and artificial neural network showed that the severity rate of accidents and occupational injuries in this industry follows a systemic flow and has different causes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The model created based on the selected parameters is able to predict the accident occurrence based on working conditions, which can help decision makers in developing preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"189-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40619386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their personal and work performance.","authors":"Mogammad Shaheed Soeker","doi":"10.3233/WOR-211143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare workers are known to experience higher stress levels compared to other industry workers due to challenges presented in their work environment. The global pandemic of COVID-19 has seen many countries' healthcare systems struggle to meet the demands of healthcare seekers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the article is to explore healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their personal and work performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve individuals working in the health sector participated in this study. The researchers used a qualitative exploratory and descriptive research design. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Theme one \"A feeling of ambivalence\", describes the positive and negative influence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on HCWs. Theme two \"Unfortunately, the support from the government is not as much as it's said to be in the news\", describes the support required from government services during the pandemic. Theme three \"Changes experienced by the individual related to his or her personal and work routine\", describes the changes experienced by healthcare professionals in their daily tasks during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that the work environment contributed to experiences of burnout and anxiety due to staff shortages, lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and an increase in work pressure. More research needs to be conducted to inform policies and organizations on how to best support healthcare workers to prevent burnout and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"787-798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40625345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationships between knowledge levels, health-protective practices, and anxiety in nurses in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Ayfer Bayindir Cevik,&nbsp;Elcin Sabahat Kasapoglu","doi":"10.3233/WOR-220194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is important to determine nurses' levels of knowledge, health-protective practices for work and social life, and mental health states at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to combat the pandemic and minimize further problems.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the relationships between knowledge levels, health-protective practices, and anxiety among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was carried out with the online participation of 605 nurses in Turkey. The researchers prepared a questionnaire form to evaluate the participants' knowledge of COVID-19 and their awareness and health-protective behaviours in work and social life. The mental health statuses of the participants were assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the participants (87.8%) had high levels of knowledge of COVID-19, while 28.8% had severe levels of anxiety disorder. The use of alcohol-based hand disinfectants (88.2%) and the use of N95 or N99 masks (88.5%) were the least frequently practiced protective behaviours at work, while in social life, a healthy and balanced diet (61.6%), social distancing (72.8%), and paying attention to one's sleep pattern (77.3%) were the least frequently practiced protective behaviours. Older age (41-50 years), higher education (master's degree) and having a work experience of 10 years or more were determined to increase the knowledge levels of the participants about COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Anxiety levels were higher in those with a history of mental illness (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Determining the knowledge levels, health-protective practices, and anxiety levels of nurses who are struggling in the frontlines in the field of health during the pandemic period can make a great contribution to the management of different current epidemics and pandemics and future ones by showing the areas in which nurses need to be empowered.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"809-818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40627162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence and unsafety in Italian hospitals: Experience and perceptions of nursing students.","authors":"Paolo Ferrara,&nbsp;Stefano Terzoni,&nbsp;Anne Destrebecq,&nbsp;Federico Ruta,&nbsp;Elena Sala,&nbsp;Paolo Formenti,&nbsp;Michele Maugeri","doi":"10.3233/WOR-210488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessment of workplace violence towards healthcare workers represents a challenge for healthcare organizations worldwide. Workers' experience and perceived risk of violence may have a serious impact on job satisfaction and retention of workers. To date, no studies have been conducted on nursing students.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence of physical and non-physical violence among nursing students during their clinical experiences and to analyze the perceived risk of violence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicentre, cross-sectional survey. We enrolled a convenience sample of nursing students of the bachelor's degree in Nursing of the University of Milan (Italy). The students completed a structured questionnaire prepared in accordance with the available literature on violence in healthcare settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1185 questionnaires sent, 603 were collected (50.89%). 35.1% had experience of verbal violence during the clinical internship training period, while 8.1% were victims of physical violence. 202 students (33.5%) reported unsafety, which was related to experience of physical or psychological violence, witnessed episodes of violence, gender, hospital structure and efficacy of the safety policies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight that nursing students are exposed to the risk of violence which influences their perception of risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40683579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the auricles and auricular shape types for ear-related wearables: A study of mainland Chinese sample aged 15-79.","authors":"Mengcheng Wang,&nbsp;Hao Fan,&nbsp;Suihuai Yu,&nbsp;Long Wang,&nbsp;Jianjie Chu,&nbsp;Xing Tang,&nbsp;Wenhua Li,&nbsp;Xiao Zhao,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Dengkai Chen","doi":"10.3233/WOR-210799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Comprehension of the complex shape of the auricle and how it differs in terms of factors such as sex, age, and side have become an imperative aspect of the fabrication and service delivery of products that are natural, functional, and healthy for users.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed at providing a clear understanding of the anthropometric characteristics based on age, sex, size, and side and shape type of the auricles of mainland Chinese samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Casting and 3D scanning were employed to obtain eighteen auricular measurement variables from 1120 subjects (aged 15-79). Examination of sex-related and bilateral differences were conducted. Furthermore, factor analysis was employed to establish the factors associated with the variations in auricular shape. Also, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to classify the auricular shapes of individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The auricular inclination angle, conchal depth and tragal height did not exhibit any specific trend across the age groups. No significant bilateral difference was observed in both genders. The auricular shapes were classified into five types according to six major factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was observed that measurement variables of the Chinese auricles changed continuously with age, with most of the linear variables exhibiting a steady increase. The apparent strong association between the auricular types and age groups indicate that a person's auricular shape may change with age.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"335-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40683584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergonomic lighting considerations for the home office workplace.","authors":"Cameron McKee,&nbsp;Alan Hedge","doi":"10.3233/WOR-210704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a large increase in the use of the home office environment. Compared to traditional commercial offices, home offices typically have more variable lighting conditions that can affect the worker's performance and well-being.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review and discuss various lighting sources and their ergonomic impacts on the population of office employees now working from home. Specifically addressing the impacts of electronic light from screens, daylight, and task lighting's impact on health and well-being in the frame of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over 75 ergonomic and lighting literature publications covering various work environments were reviewed, with a focus on the health effects of screen light, daylight, and task light.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resulting from the literature review, design recommendations regarding the safety and health of home office lighting conditions are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As COVID-19 continues to encourage remote working, individuals will be exposed to daylight and screen light in different ways compared to a traditional office environment. The impact of these different lighting conditions should be further studied to understand best design and well-being practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":319034,"journal":{"name":"Work (Reading, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":"335-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39871478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}