Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul最新文献

{"title":"Associação entre depressão materna e diferenças de gênero no comportamento de crianças: uma revisão sistemática","authors":"Lívia Loosli, S. R. Loureiro","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010005000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010005000001","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal depression has been identified as an adverse condition for child development, and has been associated with behavioral problems, with different manifestations for boys and girls. The objective of the present study was to identify and analyze articles published in indexed journals that address the association between maternal depression and gender differences in relation to child behavior. The review was conducted on the electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, and Index Psi, using the keywords maternal depression and gender and maternal depression and child sex, and was restricted to articles published in the last 5 years (2004 to 2009). Twenty one empirical articles were identified and systematically analyzed. There was a predominance of prospective longitudinal studies, employing non-clinical samples, without a confirmed diagnosis of maternal depression, which was analyzed in combination with others context variables. Data collection procedures were performed using a variety of measures and informants. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies confirmed the negative impact of maternal depression on child variables, pointing to the presence of differences between genders, as follows: during school-age years, externalizing and conduct problems for boys and internalizing and depressive problems for girls; during preschool age, predominance of externalizing problems for boys; during adolescence, internalizing problems for girls. These results suggest the need for different intervention strategies aimed at boys and girls who have been exposed to maternal depression, focusing on developmental tasks and with special attention to both genders during school age and to girls during adolescence.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"34 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80978115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Checklist Manifesto: how to get things right, de Atul Gawande","authors":"P. V. Magalhães","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000300009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000300009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"26 1","pages":"117-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73497234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Famílias e casais: do sintoma ao sistema","authors":"Marcos Hirata Soares","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000200008","url":null,"abstract":"O livro e baseado na terapia familiar estrutural, um seg-mento da teoria sistemica. O modelo estrutural importa os principais conceitos da teoria sistemica, mas foca na forma como a familia delimita as fronteiras entres seus membros (questao dos papeis desempenhados e os limites de cada um). Atraves de uma explicacao de tecnicas experimentadas e desenvolvidas pelos autores durante cerca de 5 decadas e de diversos estudos de casos clinicos, o livro se propoe a de-monstrar um modelo de quatro etapas para acessar e avaliar a familia, direcionando o processo terapeutico com ela.Embora o sofrimento e os diversos desajustes familiares tenham formas diferentes de entendimento segundo os lacos culturais de cada familia, os autores sugerem que a explicacao mais aceitavel para que suas teorias e tecnicas sejam validadas transculturalmente e que todas as pessoas estao sujeitas a for-mas comuns de ver e entender as relacoes familiares. Assim, os autores, enquanto terapeutas, oferecem as familias um tipo de estrutura familiar organizadora, capaz de explicar seus dile-mas, pois melhora a comunicacao e a compreensao mutua em familia, fazendo com que elas, ainda, utilizem esse modelo no seu dia a dia, trazendo inovacoes e ajustando-o as suas manei-ras individuais de ser.Este modelo acima e composto de quatro etapas e tem como meta descobrir o que impede a familia de atingir seus objetivos e, entao, unir-se a ela para conceber uma visao de como passar da fase atual para onde ela deseja estar. Essa complexa tarefa divide-se em quatro etapas, aqui descritas sucintamente:1)","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"47 1","pages":"64-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73831227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repercussões do novo Código de Ética Médica na prática psiquiátrica","authors":"L. Hetem, Rogério Wolf de Aguiar","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000300001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000300001","url":null,"abstract":"A sexta edicao do Codigo de Etica Medica esta em vigor desde 13 de abril de 2010. O documento anterior, de 1988, foi revisto pela necessidade de atualizacao sobre os deveres profi ssionais levando-se em conta as mudancas sociais e os progressos tecnologicos ocorridos nas duas ultimas decadas. O resultado do trabalho serio e exaustivo desenvolvido ao longo de 2 anos e muito bom, e os objetivos do projeto foram atingidos. O novo Codigo de Etica Medica representa um avanco para a sociedade e para os medicos na construcao de uma relacao responsavel e etica.O documento e composto de 25 principios fundamen-tais, 10 normas diceologicas (sobre os direitos dos medicos), 118 artigos deontologicos (relacionados aos seus deveres) e quatro disposicoes gerais. As principais novidades sao: o reforco a autonomia do pa-ciente, sem, no entanto, descuidar da do medico; a enfase na importância crescente dos cuidados paliativos para pacientes em estado terminal ou que apresentem doencas cronicas ou incura-veis; e a ampliacao do alcance das normativas, agora abarcando o medico em cargo de gestao, pesquisa e ensino. Ha tambem maior detalhamento das diretrizes relacionadas a publicidade medica, ao confl ito de interesses, a solicitacao de segunda opiniao, a res-ponsabilidade medica, ao uso de placebo em pesquisa e ao envol-vimento com planos de fi nanciamento, cartoes de desconto ou consorcios para procedimentos medicos. Finalmente, como seria de se esperar num documento dessa importância, estimula-se a cautela na incorporacao de novas tecnicas em saude.O novo Codigo reitera a vedacao da eutanasia, de acordo com a lei brasileira, mas protege a ortotanasia, desestimulan-do a distanasia. A ortotanasia se refere ao respeito a evolucao natural das doencas graves e terminais, desencorajando o uso desnecessario de meios artifi ciais de prolongamento da vida que nao tenham sentido curativo ou aliviador do sofrimento (distanasia).Outro campo contemporâneo da pratica medica abor-dado pelo novo Codigo se refere a fertilizacao assistida e tambem a genetica. Novos desafi os eticos provocados pelos grandes progressos da pesquisa nessas areas foram enfrenta-dos com muita seriedade.As repercussoes dessas novidades para a pratica psiquia-trica sao positivas. Sem duvida, contribuirao para sua melho-ria e efetividade na medida em que estimulam uma relacao medico-paciente mais equilibrada e respeitosa, ao mesmo tempo em que a protegem de interferencia externa. A pesquisa em psicofarmacologia clinica, por outro lado, notadamente a que se ocupa da e fi cacia e tolerabilidade de no-vos medicamentos, vai sentir a proibicao de ensaios controla-dos com placebo “quando houver tratamento efi caz e efetivo para a doenca pesquisada”. Isso porque, sabe-se bem, algumas sindromes psiquiatricas, dentre elas as depressoes e alguns transtornos de ansiedade, sao susceptiveis a efeito placebo em porcentagem nao desprezivel. Por isso, a boa intencao de privar alguns pacientes de tratamentos com efi cacia ja comprov","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"49 1","pages":"67-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90571605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco smoking and depression during pregnancy","authors":"K. Jansen, Aline Rezende Curra, L. Souza, R. Pinheiro, Inácia Moraes, Myriam Siqueira da Cunha, R. Silva","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000200004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000200004","url":null,"abstract":"OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associacao entre consumo de cigarros e depressao durante a gravidez e identificar fatores associados. METODO: Trata-se de estudo transversal, que incluiu uma populacao de 1.264 gestantes atendidas nos servicos de maior fluxo do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS) da cidade de Pelotas (RS), Brasil. A depressao foi avaliada utilizando a Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, e o consumo de tabaco foi verificado atraves de questoes abertas. Na analise estatistica, utilizou-se a regressao de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de depressao durante a gestacao foi de 21,2%; 19,3% das gestantes com depressao eram fumantes. As mulheres que fumaram durante a gravidez apresentaram 1,72 (intervalo de confianca de 95%: 1,27-2,34) maior probabilidade de ter depressao. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados indicam uma relacao positiva entre o consumo de cigarros durante a gravidez e episodios depressivos.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"30 1","pages":"44-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87006547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventário de expectativas de resultados em usuários de maconha (IERUM): construção e validação","authors":"Rosemeri Siqueira Pedroso, M. D. Castro, Renata Brasil Araújo","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000100005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study presents the development and validation of the Inventory of Outcome Expectancy in Marijuana Users (Inventario de Expectativas de Resultados em Usuarios de Maconha, IERUM), which evaluates the outcome expectancy regarding marijuana use, and may be useful in the treatment and prognosis of marijuana-dependent individuals. Method: The sample comprised 181 male (n = 145) and female (n = 36) marijuana users. Their age ranged from 18 to 55 years old (28.34±8.57). One hundred and eighteen patients were hospitalized at a chemical dependency unit, 23 were being treated in an outpatient clinic, 25 were receiving treatment in a self-help group (drug addicts anonymous, alcoholic anonymous), and 15 were not being treated. The 17-item scale was developed based on the experience related to chemical dependency and scale validation, with the semantic validation being the first phase of the process. Results: According to the factor analysis, the IERUM was divided into five factors (emotional aspects, perception, craving, cognitive aspects, and sexual aspects) that accounted for 60.18% of the variance. Conclusion: The IERUM showed good psychometric properties and can be used to evaluate the outcome expectancy related to marijuana use.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"5 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73398288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resenha do livro Psicoterapia interpessoal: guia prático do terapeuta","authors":"Marcos Hirata Soares","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000100006","url":null,"abstract":"This book is aimed at those professionals who provide mental health services. According to its preface, it was written based on a method of psychotherapeutic treatment developed over a 30-year period and called interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). This method was initially aimed at major depression, but later it was adapted to other complex psychiatric disorders such as borderline personality. The objective of this work was to be an easy to read quick reference book, providing descriptions of the methods used to approach and manage clinical cases, based on the assumption that professionals (readers) have knowledge of psychotherapy and skills to manage people diagnosed with mood or anxiety disorders. It is worth emphasizing that although none of the works by Carl Rogers are mentioned in this book, its content is very similar to Rogers’s theory, except for the section regarding mood disorders, which is addressed in a thorough manner, including the approach to be used within each context. Rogers is considered to be the pioneer in the use of interpersonal relationship as a pedagogical and psychotherapeutic resource. The book was very well written, considering both the didactic and scientifi c point of view, that is, it is easy to read and understand, mentioning articles published in very important journals for the scientifi c and academic community.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"15 1","pages":"30-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90063923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versão brasileira da Impact of Event Scale (IES): tradução e adaptação transcultural","authors":"A. C. Silva, A. Nardi, Mardi J. Horowitz","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000300005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000300005","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The aim of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) is to evaluate subjective distress associated with life events. The instrument is not focused on a specific situation, but rather on the particular characteristics of such events. OBJECTIVE: To describe the translation and semantic adaptation of the IES into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The process consisted of translations and back-translations performed by four independent examiners without prior knowledge of the original scale. The synthetic version was developed by a mental health specialist with proficiency in both languages. Subsequently, the adapted scale was applied in an experimental group for evaluation. The new/adapted version was revised and approved by the author of the original instrument. RESULTS: We describe all study phases, including translations, back-translations, and the development of the synthetic version, for each of the 15 items contained in the original instrument. The mental health specialist assisted in adapting the terms employed taking into consideration the construct under investigation in each case. The experimental application allowed to identify potential difficulties in the understanding of specific items and to subsequently adjust these items. Fifteen items were developed in Brazilian Portuguese for this version of the scale. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology employed in the present study allowed us to conduct the cross-cultural adaptation of the IES scale into Brazilian Portuguese.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"40 1","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77304016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatores associados ao uso de psicofármacos em idosos asilados","authors":"Giancarlo Lucchetti, Alessandra Lamas Granero, S. Pires, Milton Luiz Gorzoni, Sérgio Tamai","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000200003","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Nursing homes providing elderly care present a high prevalence of interns using psychoactive drugs for the control of behavioral disorders. Few Brazilian studies have so far focused on this aspect of elderly care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors associated with use of psychoactive drugs in institutionalized elderly patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out based on medical charts of all elderly patients (60 years and over) treated in a nursing home, independently of their diseases. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with the use of psychoactive drugs in the institution. RESULTS: Two hundred and nine patients were evaluated (73.2% females), suffering predominantly of dementia syndromes, sequelae of stroke or cranial trauma, and hypertension. Of these, 123 patients (58.9%) were using some type of psychoactive drug, mainly antipsychotics and antidepressants. Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between antipsychotic drug use and dementia (p = 0.000), whereas antidepressant drug use was associated with a higher number of drugs (p = 0.004) and depression (p = 0.000). In general, the use of psychoactive drugs was strongly associated with depression (p = 0.000), dementia (p = 0.006), and psychiatric disorders (p = 0.02). There were no associations with sex, functional status or age. CONCLUSION: There is a high consumption of psychoactive drugs in nursing homes. The association between polypharmacy and depression is evident, and patients with dementia were shown to receive more antipsychotics than other patients. Factors such as age or sex, usually relevant among outpatients, did not present association with psychoactive drug use in nursing home patients.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"22 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89237696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cognitive impairment and presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele in elderly patients with major depressive disorder","authors":"D. Bezerra, Q. Cordeiro, E. Nakano, H. Vallada, C. Bottino","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082010000200007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082010000200007","url":null,"abstract":"This knowledge has generated interest in the in fl uence of ApoE variants on cognition in different psychiatric conditions. Thus, we have performed a study in order to investigate the role of the ApoE4 allele in the cognition of patients with major depressive disorder according to the criteria established by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV).Thirteen elderly patients older than 60 years [nine women (69.2%) and four men (30.8%)], all of them with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, were included in the study. Blood samples of all subjects were collected for genetic investigation. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence or absence of the ApoE4 allele (ApoE4 and non-ApoE4 groups). Genotyping was performed by two investigators according to Hixson & Vernier,","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"68 1","pages":"64-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81275268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}