Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul最新文献_第10页

Em busca das origens desenvolvimentais dos transtornos mentais 寻找精神障碍的发展起源

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082009000100005

G. Polanczyk

{"title":"Em busca das origens desenvolvimentais dos transtornos mentais","authors":"G. Polanczyk","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082009000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082009000100005","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Developmental psychopathology is a discipline that integrates epidemiological, social, genetic, developmental, and psychopathological perspectives to understand the origins and courses of mental disorders. In the present paper, theoretical concepts and approaches applied with the purpose of understanding the developmental origins of mental disorders are discussed. RESULTS: According to developmental psychopathology, mental disorders are possible outcomes of the developmental process that depend upon social, genetic, and environmental influences. These factors are linked in different ways and levels, exerting a dimensional effect. The following factors are addressed: a) approaches to determine a causal effect between environmental factors and mental disorders; b) the importance of understanding biological mechanisms by which environmental and genetic factors exert their effect; c) genetic factors predicting the exposure to environmental stressors; d) genetic factors moderating the effect of environmental stressors. CONCLUSIONS: The origins of mental disorders can be clarified by data from studies that use complementary approaches and concepts, integrating social, genetic, environmental and developmental influences.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"15 1","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87042781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Cognição social na esquizofrenia: um enfoque em habilidades teoria da mente 精神分裂症的社会认知:能力心智理论的焦点

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082009000400005

H. Tonelli, C. Alvarez

引用次数: 3

Tradução para o português da escala M-CHAT para rastreamento precoce de autismo 用于自闭症早期筛查的移动聊天量表的葡萄牙语翻译

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400011

Mirella Fiuza Losapio, Milena Pereira Pondé

{"title":"Tradução para o português da escala M-CHAT para rastreamento precoce de autismo","authors":"Mirella Fiuza Losapio, Milena Pereira Pondé","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082008000400011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000400011","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is a screening instrument for autism that can be applied to parents of children aged 18-24 months. It is self-applicable, simple, and has high sensibility and specificity. It was developed in English and it is still not available in Portuguese. In the scientific literature there is no agreement as to the translation technique, cross-cultural adaptation being one of the possibilities. The objective of the present study was to translate the M-CHAT scale from English into Brazilian Portuguese to scan early autism, preserving cross-cultural equivalence. METHOD: After obtaining permission from the author of the scale, its translation was performed, followed by its back-translation; evaluation of reference equivalence; first pretest in a sample of the target population; evaluation of general equivalence; evaluation by specialists in infantile autism; development of a preliminary version; second pretest with parents of autistic children treated in a Pediatric Ambulatory of the Brazilian Public Health System; and development of its final version. RESULTS: Evaluation of reference equivalence showed that 78% of the questions were similar, 13% approximate, and 9% different. Of the 20 people interviewed in the first pretest, nine understood 100% of the questions. The second pretest demonstrated good acceptance and understanding by the target population, with no complaints in 70% of the sample. After detailed evaluations, the final version was developed. CONCLUSION: The study makes the Portuguese version of the M-CHAT scale available, which was considered adequate by specialists and understood by the population.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"30 1","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87362581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 74

APRS 70 anos: participe desta história 70年后:参与这个故事

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400001

Fernando Lejderman

引用次数: 0

Perfil dos usuários do serviço de teleatendimento sobre drogas de abuso VIVAVOZ 药物滥用电话服务VIVAVOZ用户简介

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400007

M. F. Souza, E. Kohlrausch, Cláudia Galvão Mazoni, Taís de Campos Moreira, Simone Fernandes, Denise Conceição Mesquita Dantas, Maristela Ferigolo, H. M. T. Barros

{"title":"Perfil dos usuários do serviço de teleatendimento sobre drogas de abuso VIVAVOZ","authors":"M. F. Souza, E. Kohlrausch, Cláudia Galvão Mazoni, Taís de Campos Moreira, Simone Fernandes, Denise Conceição Mesquita Dantas, Maristela Ferigolo, H. M. T. Barros","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082008000400007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000400007","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Drug abuse is a major public health problem. Telephone interventions have been used as a treatment method. This study aimed at describing the sociodemographic profile, consumption pattern and dependence on psychoactive substances of individuals seeking help in a telephone service on drugs of abuse. METHODS: Data were collected by previously trained consultants using an electronic protocol throughout the first year of the service. Instruments were applied to find the sociodemographic profile, consumption pattern and dependence of drug users. Descriptive statistics was used to estimate distribution of variables, and the data are presented as frequencies. RESULTS: Throughout the study period there were 28,257 calls, of which 7,956 were included. In total there was higher prevalence of women, students, single individuals, older than 35 years, with incomplete primary education and family income lower than five minimum wages. Men aged 18-25 years were prevalent in the sample. The most frequently used drugs were tobacco, cannabis, alcohol and cocaine. Tobacco use was similar for both genders. Males used more illicit drugs. Most drug users were dependent, and men had higher rates of addiction to tobacco and solvents. CONCLUSIONS: These results outline the profile of individuals who seek care through a telephone service, showing the importance of these services for the population and guiding preventive actions.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"12 1","pages":"182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72540867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Rimonabant: perspectives and controversies 利莫那班:观点和争议

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400014

Karine Zortéa, Rafaela Festugatto Tartari

{"title":"Rimonabant: perspectives and controversies","authors":"Karine Zortéa, Rafaela Festugatto Tartari","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082008000400014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000400014","url":null,"abstract":"Caros Editores, Doenças cardiovasculares são consideradas um problema de saúde pública, sendo responsáveis por 30% das mortes no mundo1. Diabetes, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo e o surgimento de novos fatores de risco (aumento da circunferência abdominal e dislipidemia), contribuem reconhecidamente para o risco cardiovascular global2. A população adulta americana apresenta cerca de 66% de sobrepeso e 34% de obesidade3. No Brasil, a prevalência é de aproximadamente 32% de sobrepeso e 8% de obesidade4. Conseqüentemente, especialistas têm desenvolvido novas condutas para tratar/prevenir essa condição. Vem crescendo a atenção no potencial terapêutico das substâncias que interferem no sistema endocanabinóide5, devido ao seu papel no controle da ingestão alimentar e balanço energético. Este sistema age em áreas específicas do cérebro, como o hipotálamo, e em tecidos periféricos (adipócitos, hepatócitos, trato gastrointestinal e músculo esquelético). Portanto, drogas (rimonabanto) que interferem em sua ação são promissoras no tratamento de diversas doenças, incluindo a obesidade, dislipidemia, resistência à insulina e aterosclerose6. O rimonabanto tem aprovação no Brasil7 e na Europa, mas não nos Estados Unidos8. Grandes estudos comprovaram a eficácia do rimonabanto, como o RIO-Europe, RIO-North America, RIO-Lipids e RIO-Diabetes. Um ano de tratamento com rimonabanto 20 mg/dia, juntamente com uma dieta hipocalórica e promoção de atividade física, produziram redução no peso, na circunferência da cintura, e melhoras no colesterol HDL, triglicerídeos, glicose e resistência à insulina. Apesar de o rimonabanto ser bem tolerado, pode apresentar efeitos colaterais como alterações no humor, depressão, ansiedade, tonturas, náuseas e, até mesmo, ideações suicidas9. Carta aos editores","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"26 1","pages":"241-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87929437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avaliação da sintomatologia depressiva de mulheres no climatério com a escala de rastreamento populacional para depressão CES-D 使用人群抑郁筛查量表CES-D评价更年期妇女的抑郁症状

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400008

Rita de Cássia Pereira Fernandes, M. Rozenthal

{"title":"Avaliação da sintomatologia depressiva de mulheres no climatério com a escala de rastreamento populacional para depressão CES-D","authors":"Rita de Cássia Pereira Fernandes, M. Rozenthal","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082008000400008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000400008","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate depressive symptoms in climacteric women using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) from the National Institute of Mental Health (USA). METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a gynecological outpatient unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including 151 climacteric women between 40 and 65 years of age. The CES-D was used to assess depressive symptoms and a structured interview obtained sociodemographic, clinical and gynecological data. A score above 15 points on the CES-D was considered as a cut-point for depressive state. RESULTS: Mean CES-D score was 9.2 points (standard deviation = 9.0). Insomnia, sadness and despondency had the highest scores. There was no significant association between CES-D scores and the climacteric period, sociodemographic, clinical or gynecological characteristics, except for women with psychiatric symptoms, history of depression or on antidepressants (p = 0.000). In 32 women (21%) who scored > 15 on the CES-D, 72% had already suffered from a depressive state. Women with no history of depressive disorder scored more frequently above 15 when they were perimenopausal. CONCLUSION: This sample of climacteric women, from a non-specialized mental or menopausal health service, had low mean scores on the CES-D, with the item insomnia being the most highly scored. History of a previous depressive episode, but not the woman's climacteric period, was a risk factor for higher scores on the CES-D. In the group of women with no history of depression, the perimenopausal women had more scores above the cut-point. This fact may suggest that the perimenopause is a period of higher susceptibility to new onset of depressive episodes.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"36 1","pages":"192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87200171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Patient informed consent in case reports: current practice in our country 病例报告中的患者知情同意:我国的现行做法

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400004

Paulo Oscar Teitelbaum

引用次数: 0

Atualização das normas brasileiras para o International Affective Picture System (IAPS) 国际情感图片系统(IAPS)巴西标准的更新

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400012

Cristina Lasaitis, Rafaela Larsen Ribeiro, M. Freire, Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno

引用次数: 10

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de acadêmicos de graduação em Enfermagem do primeiro e quarto anos: influência das variáveis sociodemográficas 一、四年级护理本科生生活质量评价:社会人口学变量的影响

Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000400010

Rosane Bueno Eurich, A. C. Kluthcovsky

{"title":"Avaliação da qualidade de vida de acadêmicos de graduação em Enfermagem do primeiro e quarto anos: influência das variáveis sociodemográficas","authors":"Rosane Bueno Eurich, A. C. Kluthcovsky","doi":"10.1590/S0101-81082008000400010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000400010","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of undergraduate students from a nursing course in a public university in the State of Parana, Brazil, correlating with sociodemographic variables, and to compare undergraduate students from first and fourth years. METHOD: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Thirty-four students (89.5%) from the first year and 33 (100%) from the fourth year participated. They answered the WHOQOL-bref, a questionnaire designed by the World Health Organization, in addition to some additional information. RESULTS: The students were predominantly female, young and single, with per capita family income up to one minimum wage, coming from other cities and living with the family or with housemates. Considering the entire sample, the highest quality of life mean score was for the physical domain (72.7 + 13.1), and the lowest for the environment domain (60.7 + 12.7). Correlation with sociodemographic variables showed that only gender had significant correlation with quality of life. The highest mean scores were for male students in the physical (79.9 + 9.8) and psychological (77.6 + 6.3) domains. There was significant difference between age and income in the comparison between students from first and fourth years, the profile of first-year students being younger and with low income than students from the fourth year. In spite of this, no significant difference in quality of life domains was found. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that nursing students need attention in relation to the quality of life, especially women in the physical and psychological aspects.","PeriodicalId":31894,"journal":{"name":"Boletim Geografico do Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"5 1","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89177024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34