Fatores associados ao uso de psicofármacos em idosos asilados

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Nursing homes providing elderly care present a high prevalence of interns using psychoactive drugs for the control of behavioral disorders. Few Brazilian studies have so far focused on this aspect of elderly care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors associated with use of psychoactive drugs in institutionalized elderly patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out based on medical charts of all elderly patients (60 years and over) treated in a nursing home, independently of their diseases. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with the use of psychoactive drugs in the institution. RESULTS: Two hundred and nine patients were evaluated (73.2% females), suffering predominantly of dementia syndromes, sequelae of stroke or cranial trauma, and hypertension. Of these, 123 patients (58.9%) were using some type of psychoactive drug, mainly antipsychotics and antidepressants. Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between antipsychotic drug use and dementia (p = 0.000), whereas antidepressant drug use was associated with a higher number of drugs (p = 0.004) and depression (p = 0.000). In general, the use of psychoactive drugs was strongly associated with depression (p = 0.000), dementia (p = 0.006), and psychiatric disorders (p = 0.02). There were no associations with sex, functional status or age. CONCLUSION: There is a high consumption of psychoactive drugs in nursing homes. The association between polypharmacy and depression is evident, and patients with dementia were shown to receive more antipsychotics than other patients. Factors such as age or sex, usually relevant among outpatients, did not present association with psychoactive drug use in nursing home patients.