Medjunarodni problemi最新文献

{"title":"The altered enlargement policy: Challenges and concentric circles of integration","authors":"M. Petrović","doi":"10.2298/medjp1901050p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/medjp1901050p","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the implementation of the enlargement policy at the end\u0000 of the second decade of the 21st century, which occurred under considerably\u0000 altered circumstances and in different dynamics in comparison to the\u0000 previous cycles of the ?Eastern enlargements?. Unlike those accession cycles\u0000 which were conducted under different circumstances and had been regionally\u0000 and strategically directed in their approach so that the entire groups of\u0000 countries could simultaneously join the Union, during the last decade there\u0000 was a growing focus on strictly bilateral relations of Brussels with each\u0000 candidate and its individual accomplishments within the ?accession regatta?,\u0000 and on more intensive and earlier conditioning. In combination with the\u0000 changed international circumstances, these resulted in a different treatment\u0000 of the current accession candidates. The article points that the reasons for\u0000 this have been the altered political circumstances and challenges in the\u0000 functioning of the Union, the different international context, as well as\u0000 insufficient progress in the remaining ?unintegrated? southeastern\u0000 countries. With the accession policy falling behind and along with\u0000 considerations regarding the reform plans within the European Union by the\u0000 model of concentric cycles of integration, it appears to the author that\u0000 further accession of EU candidates will retain different dynamics comparing\u0000 to the previous enlargement rounds, and potentially result in a different\u0000 form of integration in the future..","PeriodicalId":316095,"journal":{"name":"Medjunarodni problemi","volume":"443 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122806025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of the European union and its candidate countries’ mutual relations and flexible accession as a possible way of reviving the enlargement policy","authors":"Ivana Radic-Milosavljevic","doi":"10.2298/MEDJP1901005R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/MEDJP1901005R","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of the Western Balkans countries?\u0000 accession and association process impasse. The author finds the key causes\u0000 of this problem in the very nature of an asymmetric relationship between the\u0000 EU and these countries with the Stabilization and Association Process laying\u0000 in its core. Both sides have contributed to this problem: the EU with its\u0000 overambitious approach to the region, vaguely defined and ever-changing\u0000 criteria, but also the countries participating in the Process with their\u0000 uncritical approach to the possible membership, unclearly defined interests\u0000 and aims, slow reforms, and weak democratic tradition. For the process to be\u0000 successfully continued, the author discusses the idea of its substantial\u0000 remodeling towards a flexible process. In light of the frequent discussions\u0000 about the possible moving of the European integration towards more\u0000 differentiation, the process of flexible association or accession would\u0000 enable EU membership only in selected policy areas. The policy areas would\u0000 be chosen in accordance with the previously clearly defined and thoroughly\u0000 analyzed interests and capabilities of the candidate and potential candidate\u0000 countries. The author argues that the association/accession process should\u0000 be separated as much as possible from the political conditioning in order to\u0000 decrease the possibility of taking arbitrary decisions on whether the\u0000 countries have advanced in the process or not. For the Western Balkan\u0000 countries, this kind of less demanding process would be easier to accomplish\u0000 and would allow more autonomy in choosing areas of integration and pace of\u0000 accommodation. For the EU member states, it would provide a way to regain\u0000 the credibility of its once most successful foreign policy activity.","PeriodicalId":316095,"journal":{"name":"Medjunarodni problemi","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128637192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese cultural soft power: A case study of Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Ljiljana Stević","doi":"10.2298/medjp2201103s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/medjp2201103s","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the impact of Chinese public diplomacy and soft power\u0000 (cultural soft power) on the public perception in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We\u0000 have tested the three specific images China aims to project in\u0000 Bosnia-Herzegovina: China as an ancient civilization, a leader of the\u0000 developing countries and a responsible partner in the international\u0000 community. We will see whether cultural soft power, applied by means of\u0000 Confucius Institutes, academic exchange programs and think tanks, has an\u0000 impact on the public perception in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first part\u0000 tackles the theoretical framework of public diplomacy, soft power and\u0000 cultural diplomacy. The second part delineates the institutional, diplomatic\u0000 and regulative framework of soft power and introduces the stakeholders, i.e.\u0000 academic exchange and Confucius Institutes. The final part analyzes the\u0000 survey and interviews and presents the results as to how these various\u0000 public diplomacy tools are shaping the perception of China in\u0000 Bosnia-Herzegovina. The paper concludes by arguing that Chinese public\u0000 diplomacy produces soft power in Bosnia-Herzegovina, which is in turn\u0000 positively perceived.","PeriodicalId":316095,"journal":{"name":"Medjunarodni problemi","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116859744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusive nature of the European, Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian integration and tension in the European post-Soviet space","authors":"M. Kostic","doi":"10.2298/medjp1904498k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/medjp1904498k","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this paper is to determine the relations between the European,\u0000 Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian integration, especially their exclusive character\u0000 and the turmoil in the European post-Soviet space. The paper concludes that\u0000 the exclusive nature of the integration process, which has a value and a\u0000 geopolitical dimension, encourages the USA, EU and Russia conflicts for\u0000 control over this area and leads to the reopening of ethnic and territorial\u0000 disputes (solutions for one represent deepening of crisis for the other\u0000 stakeholders), remilitarization and a new arms race, the increased military\u0000 presence of the USA and Russia in the region and further destabilization of\u0000 the world and European order, especially the relationship between the\u0000 USA-Russia-EU. The roots of these integrations are found at the end of the\u0000 Cold War, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and the survival of Western\u0000 economic and defence organizations that sought and still seek to expand to\u0000 the post-Soviet space in order to create a universal liberal democratic world\u0000 order despite Russian dissent. This work thus sheds light on the\u0000 contradictions of keeping an open-door policy of the European and\u0000 Euro-Atlantic integration, which causes the opposite effect in Russia - a\u0000 sense of closing the door, the new isolation and restraint, creating new\u0000 divisions in Europe. On the other hand, the contradiction that this analysis\u0000 reveals is that Russia, while seeking equal treatment and respect for its\u0000 interests by the West, is in fact expecting respect of its inequality\u0000 compared to other European post-Soviet republics, de facto recognition of its\u0000 right of veto to the post-Soviet republics integration and its special role\u0000 in this region, which practically bolster further fears that these countries\u0000 will be returned to the Russian sphere of influence or even a new Russian\u0000 state. Of the several variables that have remained as a result of the breakup\u0000 of the Soviet Union and affected the foreign policies of the post-Soviet\u0000 states, the question of the type of integration became crucial because of its\u0000 defence, geopolitical, economic and wider social effects.","PeriodicalId":316095,"journal":{"name":"Medjunarodni problemi","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126055238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Armed forces modernisation and shifts in the perception of the Chinese threat","authors":"I. Pejic","doi":"10.2298/medjp2102310p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/medjp2102310p","url":null,"abstract":"Following the principles of realist school of international relations we are\u0000 analysing the shifts in Chinese military budget, military posture and\u0000 overall modernization of armed forces before and after the American ?Pivot?\u0000 to Asia. These results are later compared to the United States? foreign\u0000 policy and military posture in East Asia that had changed in the past\u0000 decade. Employing Walt?s theory of balance of threat in the following\u0000 article we have analyzed the shifts in Chinese military power and how other\u0000 regional actors? perceptions had changed during the last two decades of the\u0000 21st century. China that began internal balancing at the end of the\u0000 twentieth century wasnot perceived as a threat to American interests in East\u0000 Asia, which could potentially alter the regional status quo. The United\u0000 States along other regional countries didnot perceive Chinese growing\u0000 military power that was primarily land based, as a factor that should be\u0000 contained. However, things started to change as Beijing assertiveness in\u0000 South China Sea alerted other regional actors of Chinese growing naval power\u0000 and political aspirations. As the research results show, the idea that any\u0000 kind of balancing can lead to revisionism in the unipolar system is only\u0000 partially correct concept which can be affected by intensity and nature of\u0000 balancing politics.","PeriodicalId":316095,"journal":{"name":"Medjunarodni problemi","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115214721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turkey’s diplomatic mediation as means of positioning in new international circumstances","authors":"V. Lazic","doi":"10.2298/medjp2204531l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/medjp2204531l","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing crisis of the international order has opened up a series of\u0000 serious questions about its far-reaching consequences, development\u0000 perspectives, and possibilities of overcoming, as well as the trend of\u0000 (re)positioning regional actors. Amid the Ukrainian conflict, special\u0000 attention was drawn to Turkey?s attempts of diplomatic mediation. To better\u0000 understand the strategic direction and current position of Turkey, the main\u0000 intention of this article is aimed at clarifying the features, dimensions,\u0000 and function of diplomatic mediation within its foreign policy. The first\u0000 part of the article discusses the broader theoretical framework which\u0000 analyses the features, dimensions, phases, and preconditions of diplomatic\u0000 mediation. Thereafter, a concise presentation of the basic features of the\u0000 complex state-national orientation of mediation is presented. Based on the\u0000 initiated and accomplished mediation processes observed over a long period\u0000 of time, in a wide area from the Balkans, the Middle East, to the Caucasus\u0000 and Central Asia, the central part of the article discusses the essential\u0000 characteristics, motives, goals, and function of diplomatic mediation within\u0000 the framework of Turkey?s foreign policy. Based on the above, it can be\u0000 concluded that diplomatic mediation is an important tactical and foreign\u0000 policy tool for positioning Turkey in contemporary and emerging\u0000 international circumstances.","PeriodicalId":316095,"journal":{"name":"Medjunarodni problemi","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116798099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geo-economics of space energy resources: A European perspective","authors":"Nevena Sekaric","doi":"10.2298/medjp2103455s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/medjp2103455s","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the European space policy towards space energy resources\u0000 viewed from a geo-economics perspective. In a context where pessimistic\u0000 forecasts regarding the existing Earth?s energy resources result in\u0000 countries? shift towards outer space, the Moon, asteroids, and other\u0000 celestial bodies having large and still insufficiently explored energy\u0000 potential are becoming the subject of strategic interest for many actors. To\u0000 address this issue, the author argues that the European space program is\u0000 geo-economics in its basis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to map the\u0000 key geo-economic characteristics of European space policy on the example of\u0000 space energy resources. In the analytical sense, the research subject is\u0000 bounded by the concept of geo-economics and the key geo-economic instruments\u0000 that countries dispose of in their search for space energy. In the\u0000 methodological sense, the defined research goal was achieved by reviewing\u0000 literature and official data and by content analysis of key European\u0000 strategic documents in the field of space policy. The author concludes that\u0000 the European space program regarding space energy is one of the best\u0000 examples of the materialization of geo-economics in practice.","PeriodicalId":316095,"journal":{"name":"Medjunarodni problemi","volume":"324 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132979089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}