InterCarto InterGIS最新文献

{"title":"New technologies for modern geoinformatics","authors":"O. Markova, V. Tikunov","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-5-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-5-34","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to new information technologies that are already in use or are promising for use in geoinformatics and geographical research. The historical moments of development, technical characteristics, areas of use, features of application in the geographic branch of research of the main information technologies that have become popular in recent decades, as well as their shortcomings are considered. The technologies of mobile Internet, social networks, big data, social data mining, cloud technologies, blockchain, artificial intelligence, machine learning, neural networks, virtual and augmented reality, robotization, use of unmanned aerial vehicles, infographics, multimedia, images in non-Euclidean metrics, distance learning and distance education are described sequentially with the disclosure of the main features and components. The analysis and generalization of new information technologies designed to improve the quality of geographical research in the study of nature, ecology, environmental protection, socio-economic phenomena are carried out. The materials are arranged in the order of the relatedness of technologies to each other. The texts are illustrated with associative digitally created pictures. The considered technologies are summarized in the table, which presents the advantages of technologies, features of their application in geography and geoinformatics, as well as disadvantages, including social and environmental problems. The article notes that new technologies are promising in terms of the concentration of large amounts of data, their analysis, building models of geographical phenomena, their dynamics and forecast. Powerful technologies continue to develop and improve in the directions of increasing the speed and quality of information processing, delivering it to the user, reducing in size, reducing the cost and improving hardware. Information technologies are capable of changing a real person, socio-cultural reality, biotechnological evolution is taking place. The environmental problems of the world are intensifying: electricity consumption is growing, CO₂ emissions are increasing and the greenhouse effect is increasing, the amount of electronic waste is growing with the imperfection and environmental unsafety of its processing technology.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69897970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoinformation analysis of changes in indicators of Almaty city’s forests fragmentation","authors":"T. Zengina, A. Pakina, N. Mukanova","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-204-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-204-218","url":null,"abstract":"Large forests areas of the Ile-Alatau State National Natural Park were annexed to the Almaty city due to expansion of its borders in 2012. The floral composition of these forests is represented by many species, among which are rare and endemic ones. The recreational pressure on forest lands after joining to the territory of the city has increased significantly and the most common consequence of this became the fragmentation of forests, i.e. their dismemberment into sections by various boundaries (construction, road transport infrastructure, etc.). Forests fragmentation leads to degradation and even death of forest communities, as well as to a decrease in their ecosystems functions. These changes of the suburban forests lead to a deterioration in the comfort parameters of the urban environment and a decrease in the quality of life of the population. The quantitative assessment of changes in the degree of fragmentation of Almaty city’s forests was carried out in the work, based on the geoinformation analysis and mapping methods. The calculation of a number of indices describing such features of the territorial organization of forests that can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of their environment protection functions was laid as the basis: forest cover index (FC), Mean Patch Size (MPS), Mean Shape Index (MSI), Edge density (ED) and Mean Nearest Neighbor (MNN). The indices were calculated for 9 river basins from 2014 to 2020 and the results were used to create a series of corresponding maps and a comparative table of changes in fragmentation indicators over the study period. The analysis of the calculated indices revealed patterns of dynamics of the fragmentation’s degree of Almaty city’s forests depending on the level of economic development, intensity of recreational pressure and proximity to major highways. Thus, the highest rates of fragmentation are characteristic of the catchments of the Shirokaya Shchel, Solonovka and Malaya Almatinka rivers. Comparison of fragmentation indices for 2014 and 2020 showed that, in general, the entire territory of the Ile-Alatau National Park is characterized by a slight, but deterioration in the indicators of forests fragmentation. The most significant deterioration was noted for the basin of the Bolshaya Almatinka River and its tributary the Kumbel River, where an extensive recreation area was formed, as well as in the basin of the Malaya Almatinka River and its tributary the Butakovka River. The indices of fragmentation of woodlands in the basin of the Kazashka River deteriorated to the least extent.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of unmanned aerial vehicles for geomorphological mapping of landslide slopes of the Aibga ridge (Western Caucasus)","authors":"S. Sokratov, Aleksandr Suchilin, A. Shnyparkov, L. Ushakova, I. Voskresensky, N. Belaya","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-480-495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-480-495","url":null,"abstract":"Aerial sounding of the study area of the northern slope of the Aibga Ridge was carried out using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for geomorphological large-scale geoinformation mapping of landslide slopes. The site of work was chosen on the basis of the previously carried out ecological and geomorphological zoning of the slopes of the Aibga Ridge (Sochi National Park) and represents the slopes of the Chernaya Piramida mountain covered with forest and alpine meadows. A fragment of the ridge slope in the area of an ancient stabilized seismogenic gravitational landslide was studied. The morphology of the relief was partially changed during the construction of sports facilities—ski slopes and cable cars. The creation of clearings in forests, a partial change in the morphology of the natural relief and surface runoff conditions led to local activation of landslide processes, including on ski slopes and other infrastructure facilities. The newly formed landslide slopes are confined to the junction of natural and man-made relief forms: the ski slopes and the slopes of the hollows of temporary watercourses. As a result of field work using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a local reference geodetic network of centimeter accuracy was formed—a planned-altitude substantiation (PVO), which served as a geodetic basis for processing sounding materials and subsequent geoinformation mapping. Aerial sounding was carried out using the DJI Mavic 2 Pro and DJI Mini UAVs, more than 1,000 digital images of the study area in nadir and prospective have been accumulated. In addition, in order to identify the relief forms of the underlying surface on separate fragments of the study area, covered with dense broad-leaved forest (beech, hornbeam), a tacheometric survey was carried out. Field research materials served as the basis for geomorphological mapping of the landslide slopes of the Aibga Ridge and the creation of the corresponding thematic layers in the GIS software environment.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automation of data preparation for mapping using natural language processing systems","authors":"A. Kolesnikov, Egor Plitchenko, Maria Kropacheva","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-659-669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-659-669","url":null,"abstract":"The current level of development of information technology makes it possible to automate the processing of those types of data that only a specialist could previously work with. One such example is natural language processing technologies that implement the functions of sentiment analysis, machine translation, and question-answer systems. For the processes of creating cartographic and geoinformation works, the methods of extracting named entities are of the greatest interest, which allows extracting geographical names from unstructured text and linking named entities, which make it possible to create logical links between the extracted names of spatial objects. Their processing, through a local or network database of the service for geocoding, will automate the creation of map layers in a geographic information system based on text messages. The article describes the most popular approaches and their software implementations for solving the problem of extracting named entities in the example of texts of biographies and works of Siberian writers. Rule-based methodologies, maximum entropy models, and convolutional neural networks are analyzed. To assess the quality of the results of extracting geographical names and objects from the text, in addition to the standard F1-score, the authors propose an additional variant of the evaluation method that takes into account a larger number of criteria and is also based on an error matrix. The description of text block markup formats is given to improve the quality of recognition and expand the possible options for geographical names of named entities based on additional training of the neural network model.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of inter-settlement interaction of border territories (on the example of Yakutia and Krasnoyarskiy kray)","authors":"V. Filippova","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-217-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-217-228","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the settlements of the Taimyr-Yakut borderland: the villages of Saskylakh and Yuryung-Khaya of the Anabar national (Dolgan-Evenki) ulus (district), the village of Zhilinda of the Olenek Evenki National District of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and the settlements included in the rural settlement of Khatanga of the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Popigay and Syndassko. The eastern part of Taimyr and the northwest of Yakutia is the territory of the Dolgan and Evenk ethnic groups—the indigenous peoples of the Arctic. Until the 1930s, this region was a single administrative region. According to the results of field work carried out in 2020–2022. It was found that despite the absence of official transport networks, communication between the local communities of the studied settlements did not stop. Interaction is carried out by informal roads, which are winter roads, along which the local population rides snowmobiles. The following inter-settlement interactions have been established: Yuryung-Khaya–Syndassko, Saskylakh–Popigay, Saskylakh–Zhilinda, Popigay–Zhilinda. The following types of interaction of local communities have been identified: labor activity, family ties, sale/exchange of reindeer and fish, buying of consumer goods and food, of fuel and leisure. In the study, using GIS technologies, the inter-settlement interaction of the studied settlements was mapped using ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online. The created geoinformation database is updated with information about the types of interaction, thematic layers are formed, a legend and design are developed. The map showing inter-settlement relations of border local communities contributes to the identification and systematic analysis of sectoral and territorial disproportions, contributes to ensuring the effective organization of productive forces, planning and forecasting of the situation.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the topic of studying the image of the world’s largest tourist urban destinations in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet","authors":"S. Kuzovlev, E. Rykunova, N. Sluka","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-347-361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-347-361","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing turbulence of the global tourism market determines the development of the marketing aspect of a destination, the emerging image of which is an important factor in the behavior of a potential tourist. In the presence of a theoretical basis, the development of this direction requires the search for new approaches, modern sources of information and the definition of a research algorithm, which is of particular relevance for global cities that form a unique category of tourist destinations or urban destinations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perception of New York, Tokyo, London, Paris, Los Angeles, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Seoul in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet (Runet) on the basis of a combination of various techniques and the use of social media analysis capabilities. The authors offer a conceptual scheme for the implementation of the study, the database of which consists of four blocks, including: the combination of statistical data and international ratings of urban destinations; the number of search queries from Runet users; the frequency and context of mentions of urban locations in different social media (VK, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.); the results of a sociological survey held by means of an Internet questionnaire in the regions of Russia and abroad. Based on the analysis, the effectiveness of various mechanisms of image formation of the world’s largest urban communities with a relatively modest role of the media is evaluated; the level of destinations’ attractiveness among the Runet audience is revealed. A generalizing scheme of the “supporting framework” of the image of urban destination is presented, reflecting the secondary importance of affective components and the dominance of urban realities with a special role of the categories of “metropolitan”, urban localities and architectural brands. At the same time, significant differences have been established in the field of formation, focus, the ratio of cognitive and affective components of the image, and in general a high degree of its individuality, which in practice involves the use of a range of fine-tuning marketing settings for the largest tourist urban destinations in the world.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoinformation support for erosion hazard assessment of rural territories","authors":"Ilya Stolbov, V. Bryzhko, I. Bryzhko","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-885-900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-885-900","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of timely and accurate assessment of the erosion hazard of the territory is quite acute for the agro-industrial complex of our country, since erosion processes cause great damage to agriculture. To ensure the work on the rational organization of the territory and competent land management support for these actions, it is necessary to use modern technologies and modern software in the field of geographic information systems. Thanks to geographic information systems, it becomes possible to quickly and efficiently create sufficiently accurate and informative planning and cartographic material necessary for the development and implementation of projects for the anti-erosion organization of the territory. This paper describes the main indicators of the erosion hazard of land, shows the methodology for their calculation using geographic information systems on the example of agricultural producers of the Okhansky District of the Perm region. In the course of the work, cartographic images of the study area, soil features of the study area, reclassification of the raster of soils and parent rocks, relief of the study area, slope slopes and reclassification of the slope raster, exposure of slopes and reclassification of the slope exposure raster, allocation of cultivated lands, image of types of land use and raster reclassification using types, distribution of the LS factor on the territory and reclassification of the LS factor raster, image of the erosion potential of the territory. The use of the developed planning and cartographic material will greatly facilitate the information support of the process of land management and anti-erosion organization of the territory. It is recommended to use data on the erosion hazard potential of lands in the development of municipal program documents in the field of rural development in the Okhansky District. The standards developed for agricultural enterprises can be used in municipal programs for the development of the industry, in the process of planning and organizing agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69899577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of magnetic susceptibility measurement for mapping and assessment of ecological quality in urban topsoils","authors":"A. Vasiliev, Mikhail Razinsky, Svetlana S. Gorokhova","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-913-925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-913-925","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of geostatistical mapping of the magnetic susceptibility of the urban top soil. Soil magnetometry is well suited for rapid monitoring of pollution in urban areas due to its high sensitivity, ease of measurement, rapidity, high reproducibility of analysis, and low cost. This method allows obtaining large datasets with high resolution. The purpose of the study: spatial modeling of magnetic susceptibility and ecological-geochemical assessment of the top soil of Kudymkar city. The research area covers a section of the city with a total area of 32 km². Spatial modeling was carried out by the geostatistical method based on 51 soil samples. The background magnetic susceptibility of the soils of the city is 3–4 times higher than the magnetic susceptibility of the soils of the non-contaminated regional background. Soils with high and very high magnetic susceptibility occupy more than 30 % of the city area. Anomalous zones of soil magnetic pollution or magnetic “hot spots” formed near industrial facilities, heating boilers, on roadside soils with heavy traffic. A scale for the volumetric magnetic susceptibility of soils was developed on the centile analysis of the data. Strongly magnetic soils contain elevated concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Ni. The concentrations and names of pollutant metals in urban soils depend on the techno-geochemical specialization of cities. It can be recommended that the Environmental Services of cities use measurements of the magnetic susceptibility to monitor the ecological and geochemical state of soils and identify areas of city soils contaminated with heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69899649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mapping of disturbed lands using remote sensing data","authors":"O. Artemeva, A. Bakulev, Natalya Pozdnyakova, Sergey Tyurin","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-785-799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-785-799","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increase in the areas of disturbed lands, the relevance of developing methods and methods for obtaining and analyzing spatial data in order to make decisions on rational nature management is increasing every year. Monitoring of natural and anthropogenic systems is largely related to the collection, analysis and visualization of dynamic processes, so the technologies for compiling of dynamic maps are at the peak of relevance. A number of factors necessitate the using of dynamic geoimages. Firstly, these images are an inseparable combination of spatial-temporal links on the certain areas. Secondly, it is the possibility of a full-fledged analysis of spatial changes taking into account time. Thirdly, it is the forecasting of natural and socio-economic factors and phenomena. In addition, dynamic mapping opens up opportunities for multimedia data visualization, which increases the observer’s perception of geoimages by several times with the focus on specific objects. Remote sensing data is one of the main sources for compiling and updating thematic dynamic maps. This article demonstrates the development of the method for creating working layers used in geographic information systems (GIS) for compiling dynamic maps using remote sensing data. The authors note a distinctive feature of the methodology: it is aimed at a wide range of users who do not fully have the skills and abilities to work with remote sensing data. These are managers of any level, whose direct work is not related to the compiling of geo-images, but whose competence is to make managerial decisions. Another advantage of the described methods is its implementation in an open source GIS (QGIS), as well as its application not only for single images, but also for a mosaic image. The article presents a description of the entire path from image processing to the creation of visual images. Disturbed lands of the Zabaykalsky Krai of the Russian Federation were chosen as a special example of working polygons. These territories have a large number of environmental problems, causing an increase in the areas of disturbed lands: open pits, an increase in the number of mining and processing factories, degradation of agricultural and forest lands due to anthropogenic activities and erosion processes, active seismic processes, mudflows and avalanche hazard.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69899683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information content of geoinformation computational visualization of natural object formation processes","authors":"T. Varshanina, Rashid Khunagov, Viktor Korobkov","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-508-522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-508-522","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses informative possibilities and prospects of application of digital nature-like methodology for computational visualization of natural processes of natural system formation based on the proposed order parameter—intensity of integral geophysical field created by host structure-forming outer space. Since the designated order parameter defines the structure and properties of natural systems and processes, the gradient of the parameter defining the structure of the natural object is a measure of its order parameter and, therefore, can serve as a predictor of forecasting the change in its properties and structure. The declared approach is tested using an example of forecasting the process of flood formation and processes of visualization of tectonic stress fields. The authors have developed a method of point prediction of the onset time and flood level based on a three-level neural network model and a method of vector space-time visualization of a hierarchy of tectonic stress fields on the territory of an unlimited area. The research shows that computational operations with the parameter of the regional temperature gradient along with intelligent forecasting methods illustrate the prospects of point medium-, long-term forecasting of hydrometeorological processes provided with long rows of instrumental observation data. Computational visualization of general, background and local fields of tectonic stresses in the territories of unlimited area serves as a source of parametric data for geoinformation-mathematical modeling of tectonic stress field restructuring in processes of tectonosphere self-organization, calculation of position of geodynamic instability loci—epicenters of possible earthquakes, visualization of tectonic currents in the Earth’s crust. Monitoring geophysical data at geodynamic instability loci opens up prospects for point prediction of earthquakes. Calculation of order parameters of natural objects and processes opens up prospects of their computational modeling, derivation of numerical laws of their conjugate development and a scale series of interaction, as well as prediction of the state of geo objects and geo processes at a given geo space point in conditions of increasing global natural variability.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69897958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}