InterCarto InterGIS最新文献

{"title":"A comparison of GIS landscape modeling and traditional landscape mapping (by the example of the Elbrus region)","authors":"E. Kolbovskii, A. Gunya, M. Petrushina","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-523-539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-523-539","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of natural landscapes is one of the central and most complex concepts of modern physical geography. As is well known, in Western science, the concept of “landscape” is recognized only as a general one and is usually used to designate geosystems that have been exposed to anthropogenic influence for a long time. In this regard, geoinformation modeling all over the world (outside Russia) in recent decades has been mainly devoted to obtaining the so-called “landscape cover” Landuse-Landcover, which represents some kind of land use types, fragments of cultural landscape and urbanized areas mixture. Attempts at geoinformation modeling aimed at delimiting territorial natural complexes in the West and developing predictive maps of vegetation, soil cover and “habitats” are similar in content and algorithms to the approaches used for semi-automated mapping of natural landscapes. The development of synthetic geoinformation modeling methods was largely associated with overcoming the theoretical difficulties and controversial “plots” of Russian landscape science, which include ideas about the role of the morpholithogenic basis and biota of the landscape, taking into account the “leading” factors of differentiation, the presence of objective spatial hierarchical levels of landscape differentiation, and others. In this article, using the example of a key area of the Elbrus Region National Park, the capabilities of the traditional technique of expert-manual mapping are compared with mapping in a geoinformation environment. It is shown that the intuitive actions taken by an expert drawing a landscape map, although not strictly algorithmic in reality, are nevertheless close in content to complex variants of cluster analysis and decision trees. It is substantiated that the best option for landscape synthesis is not an overlay of finite classes of the morpholithogenic base and biota, but a joint analysis (cluster or isocluster classification) of many initial variables, in particular, geomorphometric parameters and landscape-vegetation indices. Supervised classifications with the creation of training files based on the author’s manual landscape maps give the worst result compared to uncontrolled ones, which, firstly, indicates the inaccuracy of the drawn maps, and secondly, the authors’ failure to comply with any strict algorithms and phenomena, which may be labeled as “changing the rules on the fly”.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69897967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and mapping of some aspects of transport in the Tver region","authors":"V. Aleksandrov, Elena Prohorova","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-219-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-219-229","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of the state and features of the transport in the Tver region with an emphasis on public transport; determination of the necessary characteristics for their representation in the transport networks database of the region. The study of the spatial organization of regional transport systems is necessary to improve the level and quality of life of the population, since passenger transport and its variation—public transport, provides all categories of citizens with services for movement between settlements both within the region and between neighboring ones. The article deals with issues related to the selection and systematization of information, the choice of indicators for presentation in the created database of spatial data of individual road network objects and their characteristics that meet the selection criteria. Additional attention is paid to the creation of a series of maps of the intensity and carrying capacity of public transport in the Tver region on the basis of the generated database. The information visualized on the maps represents only reliable and up-to-date data on transport facilities and may be useful in developing scenarios for the transport development of the territory. The information basis of the maps are cartographic sources and official statistics, as well as data obtained as a result of an independently performed detailed study and field survey of the region. The work carried out on the selection and formalization of the initial thematic spatial information made it possible to accumulate the necessary experience and form the basic principles for development of transport databases for other subjects of Russia as well. The main goal in this case is to provide the consumer with as much information as possible about the transport system of the region. In this study special attention was paid to public transport.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-driven “greening” of the kurum landscape in the valley of the lower reaches of the Podkamennaya Tunguska river","authors":"A. Vysotskaya, A. Medvedkov","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-305-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-305-313","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers changes in the biological productivity of the landscapes recorded in the Yenisei Siberian taiga kurums associated with climate warming of mid-1970s to early 1980s. Specifically, changes in NDVI (as an indicator of plant-mass productivity) from 1992 to 2018 were assessed within representative sites of the key study area located in the west of the Central Siberian Plateau. To study the bioproductivity dynamics and the current state of kurum landscapes, 30-meter resolution satellite images—Landsat 4.5 (TM), 7 (ETM+), and 8 (OLI) series—with atmospheric correction (Landsat Surface Reflectance) were used. Refinement of data on individual kurums was carried out with the help of WorldView-1 (2.4 m) and PlanetScope (3 m) multi-zone images. From the end of the first decade of the 21st century to 2019, NDVI increased by 0.38 units, on average. This is manifested in a larger area under moss cover, spread of shrubs and small-leaved species undergrowth, and emergence of sparse stands. The data calculated from processing of the 30-meter resolution satellite images (Landsat) exhibit a high-degree correlation with the results obtained by using higher-resolution analogous images (WorldView-1 and PlanetScope). It appeared that the cold-exposure slopes covered with block accumulations were more responsive to the growth of plant-mass. The results of remote-sensing data processing allow for a field-based extrapolation within a large and genetically unified territory. It was revealed that the intensity of kurums “greening” in the considered middle taiga area is comparable with the increase in NDVI in even higher latitude regions (north taiga, forest-tundra, and tundra) of Central Siberia.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of provision with the transport network of the regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)","authors":"A. Fedorova, A. Savvinova, M.I. Zakharov","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-105-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-105-114","url":null,"abstract":"The article assesses the provision of the municipal districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with a transport network. The importance of developing a backbone transport network on the territory of the Republic is noted. An assessment of transport provision was carried out at the level of municipalities (districts) using official statistics. As the main research method, a retrospective statistical analysis of the indicators of the development of the road network and the availability of it to the regions of the Republic was chosen: the length and density of public roads, coefficients for assessing the level of provision with the road network and transport. The Engel, Goltz, Uspensky coefficients as well as the indicator of the density of the road network were used as key indicators. With the use of this methodology, a quantitative assessment of the transport provision of the regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was made. Based on the assessment and thematic maps created, territorial differences in the transport provision of the Republic were identified, and a typology was carried out at the municipal level. Six types of transport provision have been identified. The obtained results allowed us for following conclusions: the highest indicator of the provision of a transport network is characteristic of the territory of the city of Yakutsk, as it is the center of development of the region located at the intersection of the main transport highways and the center in the formation of the all-season supporting transport network of the Republic. The ranking of the territory, taking into account all coefficients, showed that the highest level of transport provision of the population will be characteristic of areas with industrial development and a well-developed road network. The average level is typical for most areas with year-round regional roads and winter roads. 60 % of the territory of the Republic has a level of provision with a transport network “below average” and “low”. The low level of transport security is typical for Arctic regions with a network of winter roads that do not have year-round regional roads.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the preservation of watershed state protective forest strips of the Volgograd region according to Sentinel-2 NDVI data and information products of land cover types","authors":"A. Vypritskiy","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-458-470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-458-470","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an analysis of the preservation of watershed state protective forest strips (GZLP) on the territory of the Volgograd region was carried out. Three protective strips were analyzed: “Kamensk–Penza”, “Kamyshin–Volgograd”, “Volgograd–Cherkessk”. The data of remote sensing of the earth (remote sensing) from the Sentinel-2 satellite with a spatial resolution of 10 meters were used and the data obtained were compared with alternative open access sources on the state of the forest coverage of the territory: GlobalLandCover30 (GLC30), ESRI, Global Forest Change (GFC). Mapping of the research object was carried out in the geographic information system QGIS, the reason for the choice is the free usage and the availability of versatile modules for working with remote sensing data of the Earth. With the help of Sentinel-2 A-B RGB images and a public cadastral map, mapping of the project area of state protective forest strips was carried out, after which the forest canopy was classified using the normalized vegetation index NDVI for August-September. The areas of forest strips located on various soil-forming rocks are calculated on the basis of the soil map of the Volgograd region in 1984 M 1:400,000. The studied GZLP occupy an area of 13,094.1 hectares of 9 forest areas of the Volgograd region. The safety of the GZLP was determined as follows: the ratio of the area actually occupied by forest plantations to the projected area of the forest strip based on the classification of NDVI index images and information products of the types of land cover and projective forest cover. Data on the safety of state protective forest strips in the Volgograd region have also been prepared on the basis of official statistics. A comparison of four open access data sources on the coverage of state forest strips with forest plantations was carried out. The results obtained will serve as a basis for further assessment of the causes of the degradation of GZLP, including field studies on areas without forest cover identified using the above methods.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the form of forests in the Central Russian upland in the submeridional direction (quantitative description based on landscape metrics)","authors":"P. Ukrainskiy","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-471-479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-471-479","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to a quantitative description of the geometric shape of forests in the territory of the Central Russian Upland. This is a new direction in the research of forest insularity in the forest-steppe zone. It complements the existing works in the field of landscape ecology, which are dedicated to the area, location and fragmentation of forests in the forest-steppe zone. This study was carried out at four key sites with a size of 30 by 30 km each. The sites are located along the north-south line, and each site is located in one of the natural subzones of the Central Russian Upland (subzones of the northern, typical, southern forest-steppe and the steppe zone). For each site, forests were mapped using images from the Sentinel-2 satellite in the ArcGIS 10.5 program. Then, in the “R” free software environment for statistical computing, landscape metrics were calculated that characterize the complexity of the shape of forest areas, using the additional landscapemetrics package. Six landscape metrics were used, namely: average related circumscribing circle (CIRCLE), average contiguity index (CONTIG), average fractal dimension index (FRAC), perimeter-area fractal dimension (PAFRAC), average perimeter-area ratio (PARA) and average shape index (SHAPE). A comparison of landscape metrics for different key sites showed that the complexity of the forest form increases in the direction from north to south. This is due to a change in the landscape localization of forests. From north to south, the proportion of forests growing on watersheds decreases, and the proportion of ravine forests increases. The maximum increase in the complexity of the form is observed during the transition from the forest-steppe zone to the steppe zone. Of all the landscape metrics used, the PAFRAC and SHAPE metrics showed the greatest sensitivity to changes in the shape of forest areas. These metrics are most useful when comparing the forests shapes in different areas.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas information system “Regional Capitals of Southern European Russia”","authors":"Nikolai Sopnev, V. Belozerov, Aleksandr Panin","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-172-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-172-187","url":null,"abstract":"Regional capitals are an important category of cities in the South of European Russia, where more than a quarter (25.6 %) of the population of the macroregion lives and a significant demographic potential of the region is concentrated. The south of European Russia includes regions with natural population growth which are rare for modern Russia, regions and capitals with high rates of migration growth, as well as territories with an unfavorable demographic situation. To study territories with such a differentiated multidimensional demographic situation, geoinformation technologies were used to consolidate statistical data from various sources, conduct spatial analysis, model and visualize the processes under study. The realization of this request is possible with the use of atlas information systems (AIS), which are actively used in various subject areas, including the study of socio-economic and demographic processes. As part of the research, we have developed an atlas information system “Regional Capitals of the South of European Russia”, consisting of 2 main blocks: a structural block includes a basic GIS platform, a cartographic framework, a geodata database and a modeling and visualization unit responsible for the preparation of cartographic and visual models. AIS contains 6 thematic sections: ethnodemographic and migration processes (“Population size”, “Demographic indicators”, “Migration indicators”, “Ethnic structure of the population”), “Covid-19” (contains indicators for the sick, deceased, cured of coronavirus infection, natural population growth), “Big Data (Big Data)” consolidating indicators on the real estate market and the urban environment quality index as important factors in the formation of the demographic and migration situation. This makes it possible to conduct modeling, thematic mapping, creation of various visual plots for comprehensive complex spatial analysis. It allows to increase the level of analytics in the process of making economically determined management decisions in the regional capitals of Southern European Russia. Additionally, the possibility of integrating AIS with Web services is described.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current state and directions of development of GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia”","authors":"E. Efimov, Mikhail Vyushkov, G. Pobedinskiy, Stanislav Sarskov","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-276-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-276-297","url":null,"abstract":"The main stages of formation and development in the Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the scientific direction geoinformation technologies in epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases are considered. The main results of research carried out within the framework of the Industry Research Program of Rospotrebnadzor for 2016–2020 are presented. The methodology and the main stages of the development of the geographically distributed geoinformation software complex “Electronic Epidemiological Atlas of the Russian Federation” (GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia”) are disclosed as well as its structure. The GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia” databases, which contain administrative-territorial, geospatial, statistical and epidemiological information, are universal for all federal districts, do not depend on the number of subjects of the Russian Federation in a particular federal district, and allow changing the composition or structure of federal districts or subjects of the Russian Federation. The specialized database “Directory of Diseases”, which is an independent information resource, is based on the principle of interaction of internal information resources of the atlas, regulatory documents of Rospotrebnadzor and active links to external information resources, as which sources are selected that allow the use of active links (hyperlinks) to these Internet resources, without violating the exclusive right of the copyright holder. The actual scientific direction of the activity of the Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology—geoinformation technologies in epidemiological surveillance allowed to implement the geoinformation project “Epidemiological Atlas of the Volga Federal District”, the development of which began in 2000–2005 by specialists of the Institute and JSC “Verkhnevolzhsky Aerogeodetic Enterprise”, and to begin the development of GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia”. The main results of the development of GIS “Electronic Epidemiological Atlas of Russia” and the directions of further work of the laboratory of GIS technologies and bioinformatics are presented.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of the geological and geomorphologic basement of landscapes under the level structure of relief for managing environmental risks within the southern cryolithozone","authors":"A. Medvedkov","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-78-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-78-90","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the experience of large-scale mapping of the geological and geomorphological framework of landscapes, taking into account the layered structure of the relief. The key study site represented a 25 km² area, in the northern part of the Yenisei Ridge. This territory is located in the southern cryolithozone. In the course of field work, over a dozen transects were established. They reflected various structural levels of the relief, i.e., the products of its cyclic development. Surface deposits were studied using borehole cores, occasional natural outcrops, and soil pits. These data were supplemented with extrapolations from the analogous areas of the Yenisei Ridge. The collected material on relief features provided the basis for the development of landscape subdivisions’ hierarchy applicable for landscape mapping of territories with leveled denudation relief: the Yenisei Ridge, the west of the Central Siberian Plateau, and other regions with a similar history of development. The compiled map’s legend reflects the relief stratification and the main features of cover sediments. Two levels of planation surface and a complex of surfaces with superimposed planation and differentiation (three different landscapes) were identified. Periglacial processes in the Neo-Pleistocene (Q₂₋₃) glacial epochs and partially in the Holocene (Q₄) played the key role in the formation of the sedimentary cover. The main types of periglacial formations, wide spread within the study territory, were identified and included eluvial-desorption deposits (on summit areas), solifluction-desorption deposits (on slopes and ravine floors), and colluvium-alluvial deposits (on glacis floodplains). We have demonstrated that these types of surface deposits have differentiated influence on the distribution of permafrost geosystems. Analysis of the data on genesis of cover sediments and their relation to relief allowed us to extrapolate the results of the field studies and to map permafrost landscapes—the most susceptible to external impacts natural complexes that require targeted environmental policies.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cartographic provision for the study of territorial features of student immigration in Russia","authors":"Nikolai Sopnev, Ivan Soloviev","doi":"10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-126-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-126-145","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, a spatial analysis of modern student immigration in Russia is carried out at different territorial levels: subregions and countries of the world, federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. One of the most effective ways to study these processes is their mapping using geoinformation tools. A series of thematic maps has been constructed that reflect the territorial features of student international migration in Russia based on the principle of multi-scale. At each territorial level, maps were built for 2016 and 2021. three ways: quantitative background, dot and map charts. The main trend of recent years is the growth of student immigration in Russia, which has a beneficial effect on the sustainability of the demographic development of the state. The positive dynamics of international student flows in Russia was interrupted only in the first year of the covid-19 pandemic. The former countries of the Soviet Union, as well as non-CIS countries located in Asia and Africa, play a dominant role for Russia in terms of the exit of foreign students. The latest trend in student immigration flows in Russia is the declining role of Western countries. The geography of international student migration in Russia is characterized by significant territorial differentiation. A significant part of the flow of foreign students is concentrated in the capital universities of Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg), as well as in Tatarstan. In Asian Russia, the leadership in the admission of foreign students belongs to the Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Omsk regions. The main trend of recent years is an increase in the concentration of foreign students in many regional centers of Russia, which will increase the impact of student immigration on the sustainability of the demographic development of Russia’s provincial regions.","PeriodicalId":31498,"journal":{"name":"InterCarto InterGIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69898814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}