现代地理信息学新技术

O. Markova, V. Tikunov
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引用次数: 8

摘要

本文专门介绍了在地理信息学和地理研究中已经使用或有希望使用的新信息技术。对近几十年来流行的主要信息技术的发展历史时刻、技术特点、使用领域、地理分支研究中的应用特点及其不足进行了分析。移动互联网、社交网络、大数据、社交数据挖掘、云技术、区块链、人工智能、机器学习、神经网络、虚拟和增强现实、机器人化、无人机使用、信息图表、多媒体、非欧几里得度量图像、远程学习和远程教育等技术依次描述,并公开主要特征和组成部分。分析和推广新的信息技术,以提高自然、生态、环境保护和社会经济现象研究中的地理研究质量。这些材料是按照技术之间的关系顺序排列的。课文用相关的数字图像进行说明。所考虑的技术在表中进行了总结,其中列出了技术的优点,它们在地理和地理信息学中的应用特点,以及缺点,包括社会和环境问题。文章指出,新技术在大量数据的集中、分析、建立地理现象模型、动态和预测等方面具有前景。强大的技术不断朝着提高信息处理的速度和质量、将信息传递给用户、缩小尺寸、降低成本和改进硬件的方向发展和改进。信息技术能够改变一个真实的人,社会文化的现实,生物技术的进化正在发生。全世界的环境问题正在加剧。电力消耗不断增加,CO₂排放量不断增加,温室效应不断加剧,电子垃圾的数量随着处理技术的不完善和环境不安全而不断增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
New technologies for modern geoinformatics
The article is devoted to new information technologies that are already in use or are promising for use in geoinformatics and geographical research. The historical moments of development, technical characteristics, areas of use, features of application in the geographic branch of research of the main information technologies that have become popular in recent decades, as well as their shortcomings are considered. The technologies of mobile Internet, social networks, big data, social data mining, cloud technologies, blockchain, artificial intelligence, machine learning, neural networks, virtual and augmented reality, robotization, use of unmanned aerial vehicles, infographics, multimedia, images in non-Euclidean metrics, distance learning and distance education are described sequentially with the disclosure of the main features and components. The analysis and generalization of new information technologies designed to improve the quality of geographical research in the study of nature, ecology, environmental protection, socio-economic phenomena are carried out. The materials are arranged in the order of the relatedness of technologies to each other. The texts are illustrated with associative digitally created pictures. The considered technologies are summarized in the table, which presents the advantages of technologies, features of their application in geography and geoinformatics, as well as disadvantages, including social and environmental problems. The article notes that new technologies are promising in terms of the concentration of large amounts of data, their analysis, building models of geographical phenomena, their dynamics and forecast. Powerful technologies continue to develop and improve in the directions of increasing the speed and quality of information processing, delivering it to the user, reducing in size, reducing the cost and improving hardware. Information technologies are capable of changing a real person, socio-cultural reality, biotechnological evolution is taking place. The environmental problems of the world are intensifying: electricity consumption is growing, CO₂ emissions are increasing and the greenhouse effect is increasing, the amount of electronic waste is growing with the imperfection and environmental unsafety of its processing technology.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2
审稿时长
8 weeks
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