Food Politics & Sociology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Female Literacy and Workforce Participation on Child Nutritional Status in India: Panel Data Estimation","authors":"P. Goel, Pratishtha Malhotra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3280798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3280798","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to analyze the impact of maternal education and work status on child nutritional status in India. Child nutrition status is measured by underweight (Low weight-for-age), stunting (low height-for-age) and wasting (low weight-for-height). The study is based on the three rounds of NFHS data from 1992-93, 1998-99 and 2005-06 survey. The results suggest a significant impact of both maternal work status and education on the three indicators of nutrition standards. The results suggest that an increase in the percentage of non-working mothers leads to a negative impact on a child’s physical development in terms of height, weight and overall growth. Female’s literacy rates are not only seen to be associated significantly in reduction of the percentage of children being underweight, stunted or wasted, but also contributes in bringing down the child mortality rate in India.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127668143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequalities in Adolescent Learning: Does the Timing and Persistence of Food Insecurity at Home Matter?","authors":"E. Aurino, J. Fledderjohann, S. Vellakkal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3155049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3155049","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated inequalities in learning achievements at 12 years by household food insecurity trajectories at ages 5, 8 and 12 years in a longitudinal sample of 1,911 Indian children. Estimates included extensive child and household controls, and lagged cognitive scores to address unobserved individual heterogeneity in ability and early investments. Overall, household food insecurity at any age predicted lower vocabulary, reading, maths and English scores in early adolescence. Adolescents from households that transitioned out from food insecurity at age 5 to later food security, and adolescents from chronically food insecure households had the lowest scores across all outcomes. There was heterogeneity in the relationship between temporal occurrence of food insecurity and cognitive skills, based on developmental and curriculum-specific timing of skill formation. Results were robust to additional explanations of the “household food insecurity gap”, i.e. education and health investments, parental and child education aspirations, and child psychosocial skills.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128281010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Assessment of Fairness in Agricultural Markets","authors":"M. Hendrickson, Harvey S. James, Jr., A. Kendall, Christine Sanders","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3138686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3138686","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a framework for assessing claims of unfairness by agricultural producers. By employing concepts from network exchange theory and considerations of power and dependency, we show that judgments about fairness can be made after considering the structure and context of the network and the way context influences expectations of network actors. Expectations are important because they form the basis for claims of fairness or unfairness in that claims of unfairness usually arise when expectations are violated. We test our framework by examining statements made by current and former poultry producers who participated in the May 2010 workshop on issues of concern in the poultry industry, conducted by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Justice. We claim our framework not only helps us know what to look for in assessing claims of unfairness but also helps us understand why unfairness claims might arise or why they did not arise when we might have expected them.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130389067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocational Education and Training for Farmers and Other Actors in the Agri-Food Value Chain in Africa","authors":"O. Kirui, M. Kozicka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3206514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3206514","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzes the current state of Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education and Training (ATVET) in Africa and presents its challenges and opportunities. A review of the ATVET in selected Sub- Saharan Africa countries shows that there are far too few training opportunities for young people and that often, the training offered does not match the needs of the private sector and of local administrations. ATVET trainings focus primarily on production skills and on producers themselves with too little practical training. ATVET needs to be adapted to the context of increasingly commercial and technical 21st century agricultural systems. We use the German dual ATVET system as a case study for best practices. The study concludes that an effective reform of ATVET in Africa would require policies and initiatives that tackle the general challenges as well as taking advantage of country-specific opportunities.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132005007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Kinetic Approach to the Biodegradation of Dairy Waste Discharged into the Coastal Waters Around Mumbai City, India","authors":"D. Prabhu, S. Dhage, P. Kelkar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3071420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3071420","url":null,"abstract":"The pollution of coastal waters around cities is largely due to unregulated discharge of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes. Mumbai City has a large dairy industry which processes raw milk into several food products and in the process, large amounts of water effluents containing dissolved sugars, proteins and fats are produced. These effluents are released into the marine waters after a meagre preliminary treatment. Thus, the marine environment is adversely affected and marine life gets depleted. The health of a water body is defined by physicochemical parameters like BOD, COD, DO and pH. Dairy waste is rich in microorganisms which help in its biodegradation by wet oxidation. The carbonaceous organic matter in dairy waste is oxidized in the presence of microorganisms: Carbon in organic matter + O2 -------> CO2 + H2O + Biomass. The kinetics of biodegradation of dairy waste by wet oxidation has been studied in detail with particular reference to the effects of i) salinity [(Cl-)= 0 to 20000 mg per litre] and ii) temperature on the rate of biodegradation. The biodegradation follows first order kinetics and the oxidation rate was monitored by estimating the dissolved oxygen present initially and at regular time intervals during the reaction using the Alsteberg azide modification of the Winkler method. The study confirmed the negative impact of salinity on the rate of biodegradation of dairy waste. Thermodynamics plays an important role in chemical reactions occurring in the oceans during degradation of organic wastes. The effect of temperature (20 and 27 degrees Celsius) on the rate of degradation of dairy waste was studied and the energy of activation and other thermodynamic activation parameters like enthalpy of activation, free energy of activation and entropy of activation were evaluated using the Arrhenius equation, and correlated with the reaction mechanism of the biodegradation reaction. From the dissolved oxygen values obtained, the BOD values were calculated at different salinities and temperatures and correlated with the rates of biodegradation of the organic wastes under study. The kinetics of biodegradation of a synthetic sample, Lactose-Peptone was also studied.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems Faced by the Farmers While Availing the Loan Facilities from the Banks - A Case Study of District Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Mohd Asif Shah","doi":"10.31142/IJTSRD5976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31142/IJTSRD5976","url":null,"abstract":"Crop diversification refers to the addition of new crops or cropping systems to agricultural production on a particular farm taking into account the different returns from value-added crops with complementary marketing opportunities. It is an important mechanism for economic growth, which can be facilitated by technological breaks-through, by changes in consumer demand or in government policy or in trade arrangements, and by development of irrigation, roads, and other infrastructures. Diversification in agriculture is key in achieving food security, improved human nutrition and increase in rural employment. In the past few decades, agricultural sector in the whole state of Jammu and Kashmir and particularly in the district of Kulgam has witnessed a heavy shift in the cropping pattern from food crops to non-food crops (cash-crops). The horticultural sector has been playing an important role in the State largely by contributing to the State Economy and turns to be the source of livelihood for nearly thirty three lakh people, but the paddy production on the other hand has shown an opposite trend. Paddy land is getting changed into the horticultural land, as the farmers find it to be more remunerative. Kulgam, which was once the major producer of rice in the State, and was known to be the “Rice Bowl of Kashmir”, is now among the least producers of rice. Farmers witnessed that sticking only to the water intensive crops proved to be non-beneficial and they willingly shifted to the cash crops, like: apple, almond, and walnut. In the present study, the researcher estimates the association between the different socioeconomic variables and the problems faced by the farmers while availing the loan at the household level in Kulgam, one of the districts of Jammu and Kashmir, and Chi Square test has been used to find out the association.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133795824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Development in Four East Asian Countries' Agricultural Sectors Post-World War II: Measuring Nutrient Balance and Estimating the Environmental Kuznets Curve","authors":"Shota Moriwaki","doi":"10.1002/APP5.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APP5.198","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to measure agricultural waste and estimate the environmental Kuznets curve in four East Asian countries using time series data from the 1960s to the 2010s. Positive nutrient balance (NB) suggests there is pressure on arable land, causing water pollution and greenhouse gases. For crop farming, only China's NB per arable land unit (NBAL) has risen recently, while NB per product (NBP) in all four countries has declined. Regarding livestock farming, NBAL in all countries except Japan has risen. Even more recently, China's NBP has risen differently to other countries' movements. The estimation results of the environmental Kuznets curve suggest China's NBAL will rise continuously with gross domestic product per capita increases in crop farming. For livestock farming, the estimated indexes are confirmed to have worsened with the advance of economic growth.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115358782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Economic Determinants of Food Security in North Africa","authors":"E. Kopnova, L. Rodionova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2994682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2994682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the issue of food security as the basis for stable economic development using the example of North Africa. A statistical analysis of economic and financial factors in relation to the determinants of food security was carried out using a panel cointegrating model based on official international statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank for 1991-2014. According to the results, population growth and the intensification of agricultural production, foreign trade and foreign direct investment play a crucial role in food security. The study revealed the relationship between food security and the development of the banking and financial systems in the region, and their degree of globalization. The strategy of a long-term investment policy pursued by the World Bank and FAO to combat hunger and poverty was justified. The methodology proposed can be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of policies to maintain food security in the regions of Arfica.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133291625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would You Like Tax Exemptions with that? How Food Exemptions Under State Sales Tax are Not Reaching Lower Income Communities in Food Deserts","authors":"Truc Linh Nguyen","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2979852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2979852","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the ongoing analysis of tax law and its effects on marginalized communities by exploring the historical underpinnings of the sales tax and its influence on the modern existence of food deserts. The author argues that the narrow statutory definition of “food” exemptions in various state tax codes fails to relieve the regressive nature of sales tax for communities without access to grocery stores and proposes a number of models for relieving this inadequacy.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121856474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation in Dairy Value Chains and Inter-Household Gender Relations in Tanzania","authors":"Marwa Yusuf","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.270657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.270657","url":null,"abstract":"Tanzania has the third largest livestock population in Africa but it failed to use that potential such that most its population particularly women remained poor due to gender gap in the access and control of productive assets in livestock sector. This study intended to explore gender dynamics and power relations; and how they shaped the access and control of productive assets and benefits in the dairy value chains of men and women in the intensive and extensive livestock systems since past studies did not cover that part. This study used Net-Mapping methodology and ethnographic methods for identifying actors and/or institutions, their levels of influence, factors and benefits and gender issues in the men and women dairy value chains. The data were analysed by using Visualyzer 2.2 and Nvivo10 -Matrix coding query. Identified factors/productive assets for participation for men and women in each system were community norms and practices, education, membership in dairy farmers’ groups, social capital, decision on milk sale, land, decision on livestock health services, decision on livestock selling/ buying, price of milk, mode of payment and knowledge about livestock; and benefits were asset accumulation, getting food, income, paying for school expenses, meeting household expenses, manure, dowry payment and paying for medical bills. Traditions and customs shaped the gender imbalances such that men in both systems were found to have better access and more control on the factors and benefits of participating in the dairy value chains; consequently male-headed households had more access and control over the factors and benefits but this was common in the extensive livestock system where women were worse-off as compared to their counterparts in the intensive livestock system. It was observed that polygamy was prevalent in both systems but it was more common in the extensive system; thus it was found that the access and control of factors and benefits decreased as the number of wives increased in the households. Dairy value chains for men and women were created in each system; it was observed that women chains were smaller than men chains but men chain in intensive was larger than men chain in the extensive; and women chain in the intensive was far larger than women chain in the extensive system. it was hard for inputs to move from one part to another in the women chains.it was recommended that there should be special seats for women in local governments which were responsible for allocating resources such as land, commercial processors should pay through mobile phones to avoid late payment, government should make gender sensitive livestock policies, destocking to reduce pressure on the environment and NGOs, civil society and government should launch campaigns to educate communities about gender equity. This study did not cover market analysis (profit margins, concentration ratios etc.) separately for women and men dairy value chains; these were suggested ","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126565571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}