Food Politics & Sociology eJournal最新文献_第10页

Ecocity Mapping Using GIS: Introducing a Planning Method for Assessing and Improving Neighborhood Vitality 基于GIS的生态城市制图:一种评估和改善邻里活力的规划方法

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2100547

Richard J. Smith, Kirstin Miller

{"title":"Ecocity Mapping Using GIS: Introducing a Planning Method for Assessing and Improving Neighborhood Vitality","authors":"Richard J. Smith, Kirstin Miller","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2100547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2100547","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Assessing neighborhood vitality is important to understand how to improve quality of life and health outcomes. The ecocity model recognizes that cities are part of natural systems and favors walkable neighborhoods. This article introduces ecocity mapping, an innovative planning method, to the public health literature on community engagement by describing a pilot project with a new affordable housing development in Oakland, California between 2007 and 2009. While ecocity mapping began as a paper technology, advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) moved it forward. Objectives: This article describes how Ecocity Builders used GIS to conduct ecocity mapping to: 1) assess vitality of neighborhoods and urban centers to prioritize community health intervention pilot sites, and 2) create scenario maps for use in community health planning. Methods: From fall 2007 to summer 2008, Ecocity Builders assessed neighborhood vitality using walking distance from 1) parks, 2) schools, 3) rapid transit stops, 4) grocery stores, and 5) retail outlets. In 2008, ecocity maps were shared with residents to create a neighborhood health and sustainability plan. In 2009, Ecocity Builders developed scenario maps to show how changes to the built environment would improve air quality by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, while increasing access to basic services and natural amenities. Conclusions: Community organizing with GIS, was more useful than GIS alone for final site selection. GIS was useful in mapping scenarios after residents shared local neighborhood knowledge and ideas for change. Residents were interested in long-term environmental planning provided they could meet immediate needs.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121500112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study of Self Help Groups in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India 印度泰米尔纳德邦Vellore区的自助团体研究

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2012-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2013975

R. Karuppannan

引用次数: 1

Child Poverty and Inequality: New Perspectives 儿童贫困与不平等:新视角

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2039773

I. Ortiz, Louise Moreira Daniels, Sólrún Engilbertsdóttir

引用次数: 41

Carbon Incentive for Physical Activity: Conceptualizing Clean Development Mechanism for Food Energy and the Global Framework for Health Related Food Taxes 体育活动的碳激励:概念化粮食能源清洁发展机制和与健康有关的粮食税全球框架

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2010984

R. Srinivasan

{"title":"Carbon Incentive for Physical Activity: Conceptualizing Clean Development Mechanism for Food Energy and the Global Framework for Health Related Food Taxes","authors":"R. Srinivasan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2010984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2010984","url":null,"abstract":"This work brings out the global framework for health related food taxes in the process of analysing the impact of yoga in reducing food consumption, reducing healthcare expenditure, developing human capabilities and in improving the performance in education. Two extremes states, overeating and disciplined consumption, are analysed for exhaustive list of activating factors for excessive consumption. For this purpose, excessive consumption is analysed to understand the temptation through the framework used for disciplined consumption. The business behaviour of inducing food consumption by facilitating consumption experience is called tickling food consumption. With the change of responsibility for food preparation shifting from family to business interest resulting in product engineering, a product may have one or more tickling factors which are summarised and a tickle tax is proposed to regulate each or all of the identified tickling factors. On the operational side, it is proposed that various capabilities developed by the yoga practitioners be measured under capability approach for human development to enable co-operation between health and human resource development efforts while invoking of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) provisions would provide finance for prevention in the countries where there is no such law. The Carbon incentive for food energy, a performance based incentive mechanism, may simplify the global health governance efforts with the incentive being fixed for the environmental impact and for the reduced demand for the public health efforts. The incentive for the reduction in food consumption would be a shift from the view that physical activity merely burn calories.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"14 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123212957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forest Clearing in the Pantropics: December 2005 - August 2011 热带地区的森林砍伐:2005年12月- 2011年8月

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2009353

D. Wheeler, R. Kraft, D. Hammer

{"title":"Forest Clearing in the Pantropics: December 2005 - August 2011","authors":"D. Wheeler, R. Kraft, D. Hammer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2009353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2009353","url":null,"abstract":"This report summarizes recent trends in large-scale tropical forest clearing identified by FORMA (Forest Monitoring for Action). Our analysis includes 27 countries that accounted for 94 percent of clearing during the period 2000–2005. We highlight countries with relatively large changes since 2005, both declines and increases. FORMA produces indicators that track monthly changes in the number of 1-sq.-km. tropical forest parcels that have experienced clearing with high probability. This report and the accompanying spreadsheet databases provide monthly estimates for 27 countries, 280 primary administrative units, and 2,907 secondary administrative units. Countries’ divergent experiences since 2005 have significantly altered their shares of global clearing in some cases. Brazil’s global share fell by 11.2 percentage points from December 2005 to August 2011, while the combined share of Malaysia, Indonesia, and Myanmar increased by 10.8. The diverse patterns revealed by FORMA’s first global survey caution against facile generalizations about forest clearing in the pantropics. During the past five years, the relative scale and pace of clearing have changed across regions, within regions, and within countries. Although the overall trend seems hopeful, it remains to be seen whether the decline in forest clearing will persist as the global economy recovers.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121273179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Putting Prices on the Plate: The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Traditional Cuisine in Three European Regions 把价格放在盘子上:工业革命及其对欧洲三个地区传统烹饪的影响

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2011-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2242856

J. Holte

{"title":"Putting Prices on the Plate: The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Traditional Cuisine in Three European Regions","authors":"J. Holte","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2242856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2242856","url":null,"abstract":"Food traditions have been surveyed by many social scientists, but rarely from a purely economic viewpoint. This paper aims at introducing the economic logic of relative scarcities to the food table in order to explain the emergence and resilience of regional food traditions. The argument is straightforward. Traditional regional cuisine has its roots in the local least-cost diet. Rational choice theory implies that this least-cost diet seamlessly adapts to relative food prices. But since we still eat dishes which no longer are least-cost, the proposition needs some qualification. By incorporating the Becker-Stigler extended utility function, the concept of personal capital is added. Past consumption is assumed to influence present consumption, as preferences are accumulated in the individual’s personal capital. Consequently, food choice will not perfectly reflect relative prices and food traditions will change slower than relative prices otherwise suggest. Case studies of Lancashire in England, Piedmont in Italy and Western Norway are presented to explore the theoretical framework. Optimal least-cost diets both before and after each region’s industrial transition are quantified in a linear optimisation model. The pre-transition least-cost diets fairly well match the qualitative description of traditional regional cuisine. The post-transition diets in Lancashire and Piedmont clearly adapt to the relative price changes induced by industrialisation, particularly to the relative decline of wheat prices. The least-cost diet in Western Norway, however, remains static. The outcomes suggest that the modelled least-cost diets are relevant descriptions of the pre-industrial cuisines found in the three regions.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"786 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116132829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Child Labour: Insights from an Agricultural Household Model 童工:来自农业家庭模型的见解

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2011-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1991182

D. Angemi

引用次数: 1

The Rise and Stall of a Fair Trade Pioneer: The Cafe´direct Story 公平贸易先驱的崛起和停滞:咖啡馆的直接故事

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2011-06-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1860064

Iain A. Davies, Robert B. Doherty, S. Knox

引用次数: 7

International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns: An Update Using 2005 International Comparison Program Data 关于食品消费模式的国际证据:使用2005年国际比较计划数据的更新

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2011-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2114337

A. Muhammad, J. Seale, B. Meade, A. Regmi

{"title":"International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns: An Update Using 2005 International Comparison Program Data","authors":"A. Muhammad, J. Seale, B. Meade, A. Regmi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2114337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2114337","url":null,"abstract":"In a 2003 report, International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns, ERS economists estimated income and price elasticities of demand for broad consumption categories and food categories across 114 countries using 1996 International Comparison Program (ICP) data. This report updates that analysis with an estimated two-stage demand system across 144 countries using 2005 ICP data. Advances in ICP data collection since 1996 led to better results and more accurate income and price elasticity estimates. Low-income countries spend a greater portion of their budget on necessities, such as food, while richer countries spend a greater proportion of their income on luxuries, such as recreation. Low-value staples, such as cereals, account for a larger share of the food budget in poorer countries, while high-value food items are a larger share of the food budget in richer countries. Overall, low-income countries are more responsive to changes in income and food prices and, therefore, make larger adjustments to their food consumption pattern when incomes and prices change. However, adjustments to price and income changes are not uniform across all food categories. Staple food consumption changes the least, while consumption of higher-value food items changes the most.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116960100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 228

Climate Change and Agricultural Interregional Trade Flows in the People’s Republic of China 气候变化与中国农业区域间贸易流动

Food Politics & Sociology eJournal Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1789478

Tun Lin, Xiaoyun Liu, G. Wan, Xian Xin, Z. Yongsheng

引用次数: 1