Food Politics & Sociology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Scenarios for the Agricultural Sector in South and East Mediterranean Countries by 2030","authors":"Saâd Belghazi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2137554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2137554","url":null,"abstract":"The paper builds predictive scenarios for the agricultural sector of eleven Mediterranean countries (Med 11), namely Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. First, it assesses the performance trends of the Med 11 agricultural sector with a focus on production, consumption and trade patterns, incentives, trade protection policies and trade relations with the EU and productivity dynamics and their determinants. Secondly, it presents four scenarios based on the main value chains of the agriculture sector of Med 11: animal products, fruits and vegetables, sugar and edible oil, cereals and fish and other sea products. The four scenarios are: business as usual, Mediterranean One global Player, the Euro Mediterranean Area under threat and the EU and Med 11 as Regional Player.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114283032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Demand for Disaggregated Food-Away-from-Home and Food-at-Home Products in the United States","authors":"A. Okrent, J. Alston","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2171315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2171315","url":null,"abstract":"Food away from home (FAFH) comprises nearly half of all U.S. consumer food expenditures. Hence, policies designed to influence nutritional outcomes would be incomplete if they did not address the role of FAFH. However, because of data limitations, most studies of the response of food demand to policy changes have ignored the role of FAFH, and those studies that have included FAFH have treated it as a single good. We, therefore, estimate demand for 43 disaggregated FAFH and food-at-home (FAH) products, using a 2-stage budgeting framework. We find that the demands for disaggregated FAFH products differ in price responsiveness and tend to be more sensitive to changes in food spending patterns than FAH products. Many foods are found to have statistically significant substitution and complementary relationships within and among food groups. Predicted changes in quantities based on our estimates that include all goods and services and those estimates that include only a subset of foods differ substantially, implying that evaluations of health and nutrition policy based on elasticities of demand for only a subset of goods may be misleading.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131209637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Effectiveness of Calcium Supplement in Reducing Preeclampsia-Related Maternal Mortality","authors":"Liliana Chicaíza, M. García Molina, S. Oviedo, J. Urrego, C. Rincón, J. Rubio-Romero, P. Gómez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2194574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2194574","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the supply of calcium of 1200mg per day from the week 14 of pregnancy to all pregnant women compared to not supplying it to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia. Methods: A decision tree was built in TreeAge® with outcome measured in life years gained (LYG) associated to the reduction in maternal deaths. The costs were included from the perspective of the Health System in Colombia. Pharmaceutical costs were obtained from 2008 SISMED (1) and the value of the procedures was calculated by adjusting the values of Tariff Manual ISS 2001 30% (2), these values were compared with information of costs supplied by three EPS. All costs are expressed in Colombian pesos of 2010. The discount rate was 0%. It was performed sensitivity univariate and probabilistic analyzes for costs and effectiveness. Results: Compared to no intervention, calcium supplement is a dominant alternative. If the incidence of preeclampsia is lower than 51.7 per 1000 pregnant women or the cost per tablet of calcium of 600mg is greater than $454, calcium supplement is no longer a cost-effective alternative in Colombia for a threshold of 3 times the GDP per capita in Colombia of 2010 by LYG, equal to $36,143,550. Conclusions: Supply of calcium to all pregnant women from week 14 of gestation is a dominant alternative compared to no intervention, which saves 200 LYG, while it decreases costs in the order of $5,304 million pesos per 100.000 pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127223989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic PEATSim Model: Documenting Its Use in Analyzing Global Commodity Markets","authors":"A. Somwaru, S. Dirkse","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2133476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2133476","url":null,"abstract":"This report documents the updated version of the Partial Equilibrium Agricultural Trade Simulation (PEATSim) model developed by USDA’s Economic Research Service. PEATSim is a global model, covering 31 commodities and 27 countries/regions. The model, consistent with economic theory, provides a flexible country and commodity aggregation and accounts for cross-commodity linkages and interactions. The report includes a presentation and discussion of the structure and specific features of the revamped model, along with the theoretical underpinnings. It also documents an application of the model to illustrate its dynamic structure and to demonstrate the differential behavior.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Agro, Ingreso Seguro' en Perspectiva: Un Análisis de Políticas Públicas ('Agro, Ingreso Seguro' in a Public Policy Analysis Perspective)","authors":"J. Mejia","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2060174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2060174","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo analiza, a traves del enfoque de politicas publicas, el programa \"Agro, Ingreso Seguro\" -AIS-, eje clave de la politica agropecuaria colombiana de finales de la decada del 2000. Desde dicho enfoque se puede observar que AIS respondia a problemas sociales reales y seguia un conjunto de lineamientos de amplio uso en todo el mundo. Aunque el diseno e implementacion del Programa adolecio de ciertos problemas, los indicadores de resultados senalan al programa como un exito relativo. AIS habria generado impactos positivos en la competitividad del sector agropecuario, sin lograr mayores avances en terminos de empleo y desarrollo rural.This paper aims to analyze, through the public policy approach, \"Agro, Ingreso Seguro\" -AIS-, key component of the Colombian agricultural policy of the late 2000s. Through this approach it is seen that AIS responded to real social problems and it was based on a set of guidelines used worldwide. Although the design and implementation of the program suffered from certain problems, the result indicators point it out as a relative success. AIS generated positive impacts on the competitiveness of the agricultural sector; no further progress in terms of employment and rural development were found.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116416547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Gourmet Dinners and Ration Cards - Spotlight on the Political Economy of Food Security","authors":"G. Brigaldino","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2250849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2250849","url":null,"abstract":"The global food system is badly broken and is failing millions of people around the world. Food insecurity occurs not only in Africa and Asia, it also exists in the USA where food stamp usage is at an all-time high. Policy decisions made today, affect what kind of food security scenarios will prevail in the near future. In this sense, attaining food security emerges as a fundamentally political enterprise.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123814347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Case for a Global Treaty on Soil Conservation, Sustainable Farming, and the Preservation of Agrarian Culture","authors":"Nicholas A. Fromherz","doi":"10.15779/Z38BC49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38BC49","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is the foundation of life, yet the international community has all but ignored it in conservation efforts and legal reforms. Right under our feet we are losing topsoil at rates that far outpace nature’s ability to keep up. Erosion, salinization, desertification, nutrient depletion, contamination — these and other threats have conspired to take away the land that feeds us. But they have done so largely at our own command. Like most environmental crises, human decisions have played a critical role in the degradation of Earth’s soils.To remedy this situation — or at least generate change that moves us in the right direction — I argue that we need a new global treaty specifically designed to address the soil crisis. After explaining the nature of the threat and its causes, I canvass the social and legal responses that have been launched to address the problem. Through this discussion, we see that the international community has failed to meet the soil crisis with the construction of an adequate legal regime.As an extension of this failure, the international community has also failed to recognize the other problem that comes along with land degradation: cultural erosion. As we convert valuable farmland to urban sprawl and lose fertile spaces to expanding deserts, we also witness the loss of small-scale farming and the communities it supports. I reveal the link between these two crises by emphasizing a common cause: the rise of industrial agriculture. With its emphasis on short-term profit margins, mechanization, product specialization, division of labor and capital, and economies of scale, industrial agriculture profits at the expense of ecology and rural communities. To save our soils and the communities that work them, I argue that a global treaty addressing soils should also address agrarian culture and — in the way of responding to both issues — should implement reforms in support of sustainable farming.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115716540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercializing Agriculture in Eastern India: Some Pertinent Issues","authors":"Krishna M. Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2048141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2048141","url":null,"abstract":"Indian agriculture is getting increasingly commercialized and monetized and the volume and proportion of output that enters into market is on the rise. This shows, that along with optimization of production, producers have to achieve optimization of sale to realize best returns to their efforts and investments. This would require knowledge about market demand, prices, timing of sale, relationship between commodity attributes and prices, methods of sale, consumer preference for physical and quality characteristics etc. the idea is to get best prices for what has been produced. Thus, with the increased orientation of production for market, we are landed with an added responsibility of informing and educating producers about prices, marketing skills, emerging demand, temporal price pattern and many such things. From purely commercial perspective, Eastern region is generating less income for its farmers per unit of available land and water. This low water and soil productivity can be overcome by adopting proven modern technologies for soil restoration and water conservation. Thus far farmers and scientists have focused on raising productivity through the application of macronutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while largely ignoring the crucial role of micronutrients in bringing forth the full genetic potential of plant materials. Application of water saving technologies can raise the productivity of water in agriculture by two, three or four times its present level, resulting in higher yields, greater production, higher incomes and more jobs. While commercializing agriculture focus should be on advising on product planning, marketing information, securing markets for farmers and finding alternate marketing channels. In addition to market support, training needs of the farmers are also to be addressed effectively if they are to get benefits of market reforms. Eastern India has the potential to become a national leader in agriculture. Floriculture projects, fruit production and processing, vegetable production and packaging, production and value addition of medicinal and aromatic plants, organic food productions are some of the areas in which the state can excel in the country. Fresh water prawn culture, milk production fresh water fish production, medicinal and aromatic plants cultivation also have vast potential. Processing can multiply the export value of farm produce by 50 to 500 times and open up vast international markets.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115254219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of the Rural Nonfarm Economy in Tajikistan","authors":"Aziz Atamanov, Marrit van den Berg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2038346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2038346","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores determinants of participation, intensity and the magnitude of the rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) in Tajikistan. Conducting analysis at the district level, in addition to traditional individual and household levels, helps to test the impact of institutional determinants of the RNFE invariant at the micro level. We have found that rural residents in Tajikistan are mostly pushed into nonfarm activities in areas with scarce land resources of poor quality. Moreover, market imperfections in the agricultural sector are also found to induce participation and intensity of the rural nonfarm activities. While nonfarm activities are found to be mostly driven by \"push\" factors, poor education and the access to infrastructure are found to be important barriers constraining the poor from participation in nonfarm activities.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127285030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Sustainability of Rainfed Agriculture: An Empirical Study of a Tribal District","authors":"V. Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2031317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2031317","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture in developing countries is facing serious environmental conflict. The problem is severe in plateau and hilly areas. The neglect of agriculture and the effort of modernization through industrialization of national economies have posed serious problem to agricultural ecosystem and its sustainable growth. In this paper an attempt is made to examine ecological sustainability of agriculture in a triabl rainfed district, which might be helpful for researcher, planner, policy maker and development worker for regional level planning and analysis. It is found that, in last 15 years, almost half of the years have received below average rainfall. The low rainfall seriously affects the agricultural ecosystem in the region, creating a recurring drought condition, which affects net cultivated area, low irrigation intensity, lower production and productivity, lower level of input use, lower level of employment and per capita food availability. The per capita food availability per annum has drastically decreased in a decade from 248.7 to 64.3 kg, which is sufficient only for 104 days in a year. The situation is alarming and need serious attention by researcher, planner and policy makers.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115706906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}