Food Politics & Sociology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"'They Collected What Was Left of the Scraps': Food Surplus as an Opportunity and Its Legal Incentives","authors":"Francesco Planchenstainer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2221709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2221709","url":null,"abstract":"For many years the problem of food security has been addressed only in relation to developing countries, due to the fact that people in developed nations had a relatively abundant supply of food. This is not anymore true both because of the economic crisis and an increasing demand of food at the global level. Therefore, food surplus in the food chain both at the production level and at household consumption could become a resource. In this respect, legal rules (e.g., the Good Samaritan Act in the United States) may provide incentives to economic agents for recovering food surplus. This paper examines in a comparative way legal remedies provided by United States and European Union to address food surplus. Some suggestions are provided to further improve the systems as well.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130761336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South African Horticulture: Opportunities and Challenges for Economic and Social Upgrading in Value Chains","authors":"S. Barrientos, M. Visser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2209718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2209718","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Horticulture value chains in South Africa are undergoing a process of rapid transformation. The sector is significant in the generation of agricultural GDP, employment and exports. European supermarkets have long been an important destination for fruit. Supermarkets source through coordinated value chains, with stringent requirements and have driven the rise of private standards. These improve quality but increase the commercial pressures and costs for growers. The expansion of South African supermarkets and of South-South trade in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Middle East are providing new channels for fruit and vegetables. These markets also require standards that are generally less stringent than European supermarkets and are paying comparable prices (taking cost into account), mainly focusing on product quality. Social standards are largely demanded by European supermarkets alone. Growers now have a wider range of buyers, and European supermarkets can no longer be assured of automatic availability of quality produce. Employment in the fruit sector is segmented between regular and casual workers. Regular workers have seen improvements in working conditions. In parallel casualisation has increased. It reduces labour costs but workers have greater insecurity of employment, lower remuneration and rights. Growers and packhouses need better educated and skilled workers to manage complex quality requirements of different supermarkets and improve efficiency. Agricultural work has low esteem, and the sector faces a serious shortage of skilled labour despite rural unemployment. Current public and private provision of training is insufficiently resourced to generate an adequate pool of skilled labour. Growers and workers need better returns to ensure the resilience of quality horticulture value chains to supermarkets. Public and private policy needs to enhance the skills and empowerment of workers, and support social provision to increase the appeal of working in horticulture.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116664119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Fishing in Tuticorin District","authors":"D. Amutha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2196700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2196700","url":null,"abstract":"Fishing has been one of the oldest economic activities of human race. It comes next only to agriculture. Fish and other sea food constitute an enchantingly of a wholesome food provision. Millions of people all over the world have been profitably engaged in fishing and fish trading over the years. The main objective of the study has been to understand the socioeconomic background of fishermen, and their income, cost and quantity of catch of fish before and after tsunami inTharuvaikulam village. The study utilised both primary and secondary data. The study covered 150 fishermen families from Tharuvaikulam village chosen at random. The sample size was 15%. Percentage analysis, averages, chi square test and probability analysis were used. It may be concluded from the analysis that the average monthly income of the fishermen families was Rs. 3041.67 before Tsunami and after Tsunami it was Rs. 3380.95. The result of chi-square- test revealed that there is significant difference between monthly income of the fishermen before and after tsunami in Tharuvaikulam village of Tuticorin District. The present study concludes that the lack of awareness and viable alternative livelihood programmes are major hindrances to improving their socio-economic status and also threatens the sustainable use of the fishing resources.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133710165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Empirical Research in the Study of Complex Forms of Governance in Agroindustrial Systems","authors":"G. Monteiro, Sylvia Saes, S. Caleman, D. Zylbersztajn","doi":"10.1590/S0103-20032012000400005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20032012000400005","url":null,"abstract":"The growing complexity of supply chains poses new challenges for Agricultural Research Centers and statistical agencies. The aim of this perspective paper is to discuss the role of empirical research in understanding the complex forms of governance in agribusiness. The authors argue that there are three fundamental levels of analysis: (i) the basic structure of the market, (ii) the formal contractual arrangements that govern relations within the agroindustrial system and (iii) the transactional dimensions governed by non-contractual means. The case of the agrochemical industry in Brazil illustrates how traditional analyses that only address market structure are insufficient to fully explain the agricultural sector and its supply chain. The article concludes by suggesting some indicators which could be collected by statistical agencies to improve understanding of the complex relationships among agribusiness segments. In doing so, the paper seeks to minimize costs and to enable a better formulation of public and private policies.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128341687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudio Sobre El Sector Del Café En Colombia (Coffee Sector in Colombia)","authors":"Estudios Económicos - Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, Jenny-Paola Lis-Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo Herrera Saavedra, Jacobo Alberto Campo Robledo","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2322860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2322860","url":null,"abstract":"El presente estudio pretende analizar el comportamiento del sector en la ultima decada y comprender los antecedentes de la situacion que atraviesan actualmente los caficultores en Colombia. En el documento se presenta una revision de las principales variables relacionadas con la produccion y comercializacion de cafe, en el ambito nacional e internacional; se realiza un ejercicio de aplicacion de indices de concentracion y volatilidad con respecto a (i) las cantidades exportadas y el valor de las exportaciones para las companias exportadoras de cafe, contando con informacion entre 2007 y junio de 2012, (ii) los ingresos operacionales reportados en los estados financieros de 2011 de las empresas vigiladas por la Superintendencia de Sociedades y dedicadas a tostion y molienda del cafe y al comercio al por mayor de cafe trillado; se sugieren algunos riesgos para el consumidor en materia de competencia; se muestra la dinamica de la propiedad industrial relacionada con el sector cafetero (patentes y marcas); finalmente, se elabora la revision del marco regulatorio y de las barreras artificiales a la competencia, tales como los obstaculos tecnicos al comercio. The study analyzes the behavior of the coffee sector in Colombia during the last decade and it includes the background of the situation that faces the coffee croppers in Colombia. The document presents a revision of the main variables related to the production and commercialization process of coffee both in national and international perspective; it is done an exercise of the application of the concentration and volatility index with respect to (i) exported quantities and its value, discriminated by exporter company, using information from 2007 to 2012, (ii) Operational incomes reported in the financial reports of 2011 of the enterprises supervised by the Superintendencia de Sociedades and dedicated to activities between the productive chain of the product. It is suggested some risks in terms of competition related to the technical obstacles to the commerce.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128769322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Agricultural Statistics in Developing Countries: Reflections from a Comprehensive Village Survey on Crop Area Statistics in India","authors":"G. Naik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2179712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2179712","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of agriculture in developing countries, and the general recognition of the need for strengthening data quality, very few studies examine the quality of available data and the data generation methods in agriculture. In this paper, we use data from an extensive deployment of geospatial technology, administrated concurrently alongside the conventional method in the Indian state of Karnataka, to assess the discrepancy between methods in terms of the magnitude of difference in the crop area, type and number of crops grown. The crop area estimates based on alternative method, utilising the geospatial technology, exceeded that from the estimates based on conventional method. Conventional method is unable to respond quickly to changes in the cropping pattern and therefore, do not record accurately the area under high value cash crops. This has wider implications for commercializing agriculture and delivery of farm credit and insurance services in the developing countries. Some research and policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127603338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Input and Output Policies for Cereals Production in Pakistan","authors":"A. Salam","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2185412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2185412","url":null,"abstract":"The marketing of farm inputs and outputs has become a major problem for farmers in Pakistan. Farm input supplies are irregular, characterized by shortages and high prices at critical times. This report reviews the input and output policies for cereals implemented in Pakistan during the period 1996–2010. Pakistan has a long and varied history of intervening in farm input and output markets, going back decades before the period under review. Most significantly, in the wake of economic reforms launched during the 1980s, it has withdrawn from most of the commodity markets except wheat. In other commodity markets, intervention is by and large notional and without much practical involvement. The rolling back of the public sector from markets has certainly saved public funds, but the savings have come at a cost. Some of the cost, in terms of higher prices and variability stemming from the uncertain economic environment and supply, is borne by consumers, and some, in terms of lower producer prices at harvest, is borne by farmers, especially small and medium farmers, whose farms account for more than 50 percent of the area under cereals.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127082173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nineteenth Century US BMIs by Race: Socioeconomics and Biology","authors":"S. Carson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2168698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2168698","url":null,"abstract":"Little research exists on late 19th and early 20th century US body mass index value differences by race, and darker complexions were associated with greater BMI values. Mulattos had greater BMI returns associated with socioeconomic characteristics, indicating that while blacks had greater BMIs than fairer complexioned whites and mulattos, part of the difference was offset by socioeconomic characteristics that favored fairer complexions. Black, mulatto, and white BMIs declined between 1860 and 1920, and farmers had greater BMIs than workers in other occupations.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124348297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsidy Analysis of Section 3 of the National Food Security Bill 2011","authors":"Guru Acharya","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2143119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2143119","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Section 3 of the National Food Security Bill 2011 that entitles every person belonging to ‘priority’ and ‘general’ households to receive seven and three kilograms respectively of subsidised foodgrains per person per month. The study demonstrates that the economic cost of subsidy for implementing Section 3 in the year 2012 is INR 93,038 crores and for implementing Section 3 in the year 2020 is INR 2,00,028 crores. In comparison, the financial memorandum accompanying the Bill pegs the economic cost of subsidy at INR 79,800 crore for the year 2012, which is substantially different from the present analysis. Additionally, the financial memorandum does not appraise the parliament of the rising economic costs of the subsidy in the forthcoming years with the projected increase in population. The large deviation in the two analyses of the economic costs of the subsidy highlights the need to revisit the financial memorandum to ensure that the parliament is properly appraised about the costs involved.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129599742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonresponse Bias Analysis of Body Mass Index Data in the Eating and Health Module","authors":"K. Hamrick","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2133514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2133514","url":null,"abstract":"The ERS Eating and Health Module, a supplement to the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), included questions on height and weight so that respondents’ Body Mass Index (BMI — a measure of body fat based on height and weight) could be calculated and analyzed with ATUS time-use data in obesity research. Some respondents did not report height and/or weight, and BMIs could not be calculated for them. Analyses focusing on correlations between BMIs and time use could be biased if respondents who did not report height and/or weight differ significantly in other observable characteristics from the rest of the survey respondents. However, findings reveal that any nonresponse bias associated with the height and weight data appears to be small and would not affect future analyses of BMIs and time-use pattern correlations.","PeriodicalId":314250,"journal":{"name":"Food Politics & Sociology eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131537271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}