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The Consideration of Bid‘a Concept according to Saudi and Iranian Scholars 沙特和伊朗学者对“比德”概念的思考
Mazahib Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.21093/mj.v19i2.2645
S. Yakar
{"title":"The Consideration of Bid‘a Concept according to Saudi and Iranian Scholars","authors":"S. Yakar","doi":"10.21093/mj.v19i2.2645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v19i2.2645","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of innovation (bid'a) as a formative tool is used to create idiosyncratic nations depending on different scholars' interpretations, Wahhābīs in Saudi Arabia, and Shi'īs in Iran. Using the descriptive method throughout the paper, this article analyzes scholars' approaches towards bid'a concerning the sectarian interpretations and various legal methodologies. The extent of the relationship between the bid'a concept and the rulings related to the visitation of tombs, the practice of temporary marriage, and Nowrūz celebration will be the paper's primary focus. The interpretations and approaches of scholars towards bid'a have resulted in opposite solutions on these mentioned issues. The comparative conclusion aims to clarify the Saudi-Wahhābī and Iranian-Shi'ī scholars' principal attitudes towards the theoretical interpretation and practical application of the bid'a concept. The bid'a analysis attempts to introduce the operative purposes behind the rulings to answer which reasons impel the scholars functioning in these two countries from issuing the diametrically opposite views on controversial issues.","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48353846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Front Page 首页
Mazahib Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.21093/mj.v19i1.2459
E. Editorial
{"title":"Front Page","authors":"E. Editorial","doi":"10.21093/mj.v19i1.2459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v19i1.2459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44049183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deterring or Entertaining? Can the Caning Punishment Execution in Aceh Meet its Objective? 威慑还是娱乐?亚齐的鞭刑执行能达到目的吗?
Mazahib Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.21093/mj.v19i1.2055
Faradilla Fadlia, Novi Susilawati, Ismar Ramadani, Novita Sari
{"title":"Deterring or Entertaining? Can the Caning Punishment Execution in Aceh Meet its Objective?","authors":"Faradilla Fadlia, Novi Susilawati, Ismar Ramadani, Novita Sari","doi":"10.21093/mj.v19i1.2055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v19i1.2055","url":null,"abstract":"This article probes whether the implementation of the caning sentence in Aceh may reach its objective of deterrent effect given the way the execution conducted. From the field observation, the flogging was not much different from entertainment. The mass gathered in one place to watch the execution; they include children, street vendors, researchers, and journalists. There was a stage, VIP seats for guests, loudspeakers, administrative arrangements, and the caning punishment procession. Using a qualitative research approach with an in-depth interview method, it seeks to understand how the community involved in the caning execution was and how the government was designed the sentence as such and why.  It finds that while the government saw the caning law as the implementation of Islamic sharia in Aceh, the people interpreted its execution more as entertainment. The government has used the caning sentence execution as a demonstration of power, often for a political gain, because it emphasizeds its presence not only as of the guardian of shari’a for Acehnese but also as a devout politician who keeps his political promises. Yet, little of this punishment deterrent effect conveyed to the society due to the way it was staged and executed.Keywords: Qanun Jinayat, Aceh, Caning Punishment, Stage, Entertainment, Deterrent EffectAbstrak Artikel ini meneliti tentang tujuan pelaksanaan hukuman cambuk di Aceh sebagai efek jera dengan cara ‘dipanggungkan’. Dari pengamatan lapangan, hukum cambuk yang dilakukan tidak jauh berbeda dengan hiburan. Dimana massa berkumpul di satu tempat untuk menyaksikan eksekusi yang terdiri dari; anak-anak, pedagang kaki lima, peneliti, dan wartawan. Terdapat panggung tempat eksekusi cambuk dilakukan, kursi VIP untuk tamu undangan, pengeras suara, pengaturan administrasi dan prosesi hukuman cambuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini berusaha memahami bagaimana pandangan dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan hukuman tersebut serta bagaimana pemerintah merancang hukuman cambuk dan alasan di balik hukuman ini. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa Pemerintah melihat hukum cambuk sebagai bukti komitmen pemerintah terhadap penerapan syariah Islam di Aceh, sedangkan masyarakat melihat hukum cambuk sebagai hiburan. Dalam hal ini Pemerintah menggunakan eksekusi hukum cambuk sebagai demonstrasi kekuasaan, bagian dari agenda politik, karena menekankan kehadirannya tidak hanya sebagai wali syariah bagi rakyat Aceh tetapi juga sebagai politisi yang menepati janji politiknya. Namun, eksekusi hukum cambuk dengan cara dipentaskan ini hanya memberi sedikit efek jera kepada masyarakat. Kata kunci: Qanun Jinayat, Aceh, Hukuman cambuk, Panggung, Hiburan, Efek Pencegah","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41328792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Integrated Marriage Itsbat: Analyzing The Polemics Behind Its Implementation 婚姻一体化法案:实施背后的矛盾分析
Mazahib Pub Date : 2019-07-02 DOI: 10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1344
D. Mustika, S. Marlina
{"title":"Integrated Marriage Itsbat: Analyzing The Polemics Behind Its Implementation","authors":"D. Mustika, S. Marlina","doi":"10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1344","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of the Integrated Marriage Itsbat in Jambi City has begun since 2015 but in 2018, it was no longer implemented. One of the reasons is because the number of participants was decreasing. However, the trial of Marriage Itsbat in the Religious Court was still held. This study tries to examine its implementation in Jambi City and the problems surround it. This is an empirical legal research which employs the qualitative data collection through interviews and documentation. The study finds that the implementation of this program was loaded with a number of problems. Even in the reality, the final goal of this program, which is to help disadvantaged people to obtain rights to marriage certificates, marriage books, and birth certificates in one service unit, was not fully achieved. The results of this study indicate that there were a number of problems that had arisen, including: the existence of this program creating chances for increasing unregistered marriages; registration of participants without going through KUA leading to missed checks related to the clarity of previous marital status; a constraint in the publishing process of a Marriage Certificate; and lack of socialization. Hence, future programs of integrated marriage itsbat should be able to address the unintended consequences.Keywords: Integrated Marriage Itsbat, marriage registration, Religious Court, Compilation of Islamic LawKeberadaan Program Itsbat Nikah Terpadu di Kota Jambi baru dimulai pada tahun 2015. Namun, pada tahun 2018 tidak lagi dilaksanakan. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah jumlah peserta yang semakin menurun. Meskipun demikian, Sidang Itsbat Nikah di Pengadilan Agama tetap dilaksanakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba menilik implementasi Itsbat Nikah Terpadu di Kota Jambi serta problematika yang terjadi di seputarnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, sedangkan metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa implementasi program ini sarat dengan sejumlah permasalahan, bahkan realitanya, tujuan akhir program ini, yaitu membantu masyarakat kurang mampu untuk memperoleh hak atas akta perkawinan, buku nikah, dan akte kelahiran dalam bentuk pelayanan terpadu tidak sepenuhnya tercapai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada sejumlah masalah yang muncul, diantaranya: keberadaan Itsbat Nikah Terpadu dapat menimbulkan peluang semakin meningkatnya angka pernikahan tidak tercatat; pendaftaran peserta tanpa melalui KUA seringkali menyebabkan luputnya pemeriksaan terkait kejelasan status pernikahan sebelumnya; terkendalanya proses penerbitan Buku Nikah; hingga sosialisasi yang minim.Kata kunci: Itsbat nikah terpadu, pencatatan perkawinan, Pengadilan Agama, Kompilasi Hukum Islam","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Regulating Halal Products in Indonesia: Between Religious Needs and Socio-Economic Challenges 印尼清真产品监管:介于宗教需求和社会经济挑战之间
Mazahib Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1372
Heru Susetyo, F. Prihatini, Iffah Karimah, A. Ghozi
{"title":"Regulating Halal Products in Indonesia: Between Religious Needs and Socio-Economic Challenges","authors":"Heru Susetyo, F. Prihatini, Iffah Karimah, A. Ghozi","doi":"10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1372","url":null,"abstract":"As the most populous Muslim country in the world, Indonesia needs to spend seven decades until finally enacted the Halal Product Assurance Law in 2014.  There are mixed responses in welcoming this law.  Many Muslims are incredibly pleased with this law, while others believe that this law would create social and economic problems, instead. Four years have lapsed and the law is still difficult to be implemented, since the state has produced none of the implementing regulations of the said law.  Meanwhile, the National Agency for Halal Product Assurance is newly established in 2018.  Therefore, the law on halal product assurance is really at stake.  It seems that the state enacted it half-heartedly. This paper discusses the dynamic of regulating halal products in Indonesia, between spiritual needs and socio-economic challenges. Less Muslim argued that halal is not part of Islamic teaching, yet many people believe that halal product in Indonesia is not merely a religious issue but also a social, economic and even political issue.  The methods for this research are both normative and qualitative. Data are collected mainly through documents, library materials, and field research. To sharpen the findings, comparative studies with Malaysia and Thailand were conducted. In the end, this research reveals the socio-economic dynamics of halal product regulation in Indonesia amid which is beyond religious issues.Keywords:  halal product, Indonesia, regulation AbstrakSebagai negara dengan jumlah penduduk Muslim terbanyak di dunia, Indonesia memerlukan tujuh tahun proses pembentukan sebelum disahkannya Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal pada tahun 2014. Berbagai respon muncul menyambut kehadiran Undang-Undang tersebut. Banyak umat Muslim yang bergembira dengan adanya Undang-Undang ini, namun ada juga beberapa kalangan yang berpendapat kehadiran Undang-Undang ini dapat menyebabkan masalah di bidang sosial dan ekonomi. Empat tahun sejak disahkannya Undang-Undang ini, penerapannya masih sulit dilakukan secara efektif karena tidak ada Peraturan Pelaksana yang di keluarkan pemerintah. Sementara itu, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal baru didirikan pada tahun 2018. Oleh karena itu, status Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal masih tidak jelas, seolah-olah UU ini dibuat dengan setengah hati. Artikel ini mendiskusikan dinamika regulasi produk halal di Indonesia diantara kebutuhan agama dan tantangan dari kondisi sosial-ekonomi. Sebagian Muslim percaya bahwa isu produk halal di Indonesia bukan hanya permasalahan agama tetapi juga menyangkut masalah sosial, ekonomi, bahkan politik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dan kualitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah dokumen, materi kepustakaan, dan studi lapangan. Untuk mempertajam hasil penelitian, penulis juga melakukan studi komparasi dengan Malaysia dan Thailand. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa isu sosial-ekonomi menjadi dinamika tersendiri dari regulasi produk halal Indonesia, lebih dari ","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Development Strategy of Intellectual Property Rights and the Quest for Materials Copyrighted in Islamic Higher Education 伊斯兰高等教育知识产权的发展战略与对版权材料的追求
Mazahib Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1389
Hervina Hervina
{"title":"The Development Strategy of Intellectual Property Rights and the Quest for Materials Copyrighted in Islamic Higher Education","authors":"Hervina Hervina","doi":"10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1389","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual Property Rights becomes a serious discussion in some universities, especially in the Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN, State Islamic Higher Education system). The lack of copyrighted academic works in some PTKIN is the background why this article is published. This article aims at looking some development strategies that are exist in several universities in Indonesia. Using empirical studies, this article explores some experiences of three universities related to the strategy of developing intellectual property rights. These three universities are Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta (UII, Islamic University of Indonesia), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung (UIN Bandung, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University of Bandung) and Institut Agama Islam Negeri Surakarta (Surakarta State Institute of Islamic Studies). This article finds that the development of intellectual property rights institutions in higher education includes four important things: mission, goals, strategies and policies. The conclusion of this article confirms that several universities have established institutions for strengthening intellectual property rights by having clear visions and measurable targets, so as to produce the right policies. Meanwhile, some higher education institutions have not established yet institution of Intellectual Property Right. However, several universities have been starting to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights by raising some lecturers’ research to be copyrighted academic works.Keywords: Intellectual property rights, strategies for the development of IPR, Universities and IPR in Indonesia. Hak Cipta menjadi pembahasan serius di perguruan tinggi, khususnya di perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri. Sedikitnya karya akademik yang memiliki perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di PTKIN menjadi latar belakang mengapa artikel ini ditulis. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana strategi pengembangan yang ada di beberapa perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan studi empiris, artikel ini mencoba mengexplorasi beberapa pengalaman perguruan tinggi terkait dengan strategi pengembangan hak kekayaan intelektual.  Artikel ini menemukan bahwa pengembangan Lembaga hak kekayaan intelektual di perguruan tinggi mencakup empat hal: misi, tujuan, strategi dan kebijakan. Kesimpulan artikel ini menegaskan bahwa beberapa perguruan tinggi telah mendirikan Lembaga penguatan hak kekayaan intelektual dengan memiliki visi-misi yang jelas dan target terukur, sehingga mampu melahirkan kebijakan yang tepat. Sementara itu, beberapa perguruan tinggi lain belum memiliki capaian seperti yang telah disebutkan. Namun demikian, beberapa perguruan tinggi telah memulai penguatan hak kekayaan dengan mengangkat hasil penelitian para dosen menjadi karya akademik yang memiliki proteksi terhadap hak kekayaan intelektual.Kata Kunci: Hak kekayaan intelektual, strategi pengembangan HKI, Perguruan Tinggi dan","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47431220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dispute Settlements of Inheritance in Palangka Raya: A Legal Anthropology Approach 帕朗卡拉雅的遗产纠纷解决:法律人类学的视角
Mazahib Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1441
H. syaikhu
{"title":"The Dispute Settlements of Inheritance in Palangka Raya: A Legal Anthropology Approach","authors":"H. syaikhu","doi":"10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/MJ.V18I1.1441","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of inheritance distribution does not often lead to conflicts that must be resolved by means of litigation. In resolving conflicts that might arise, the community usually has set a separate rule to distribute inheritance. The people of Central Kalimantan, especially in the City of Palangka Raya, prioritize deliberations that are actually not contrary to Islamic law in resolving their inheritance disputes. Why and how these dispute settlements are conducted? This study uses normative-empirical methods which employs a legal anthropology approach. The results of the study show that the tradition of resolving inheritance disputes in the people of Palangka Raya City of Central Kalimantan prioritizes peaceful settlement disputes by using Islamic law first and then a family meeting is held to determine the agreeable share and distribution of assets. The principle of kinship in the protection of property (hifz al-maal) in the family is adopted, so that the community returns to share property with the negotiation method which is built on family agreements. By referring to Islamic jurisprudence on inheritance, the dispute settlements also aims at sharia compliant in order to adhere to Islamic doctrine (hifz al-din). Finally, they also adopt the principle of responsive thinking which is human based on local wisdom values in society. The conclusion of this study shows that the Palangka Raya City Society combines Islamic law and customary law in the distribution of inheritance.Keywords: dispute resolution, inheritance, Palangka Raya, legal anthropologyPersoalan pembagian kewarisan tidak jarang menimbulkan konflik yang harus diselesaikan. Dalam menyelesaikan konflik yang mungkin timbul tersebut, masyarakat biasanya telah menentukan suatu aturan tersendiri untuk meyelesaikan pembagian kewarisan. Masyarakat Kalimantan Tengah khususnya Kota Palangka Raya dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris, mengedepankan musyawarah yang sejatinya tidaklah bertentangan dengan hukum Islam.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif-empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi penyelesaian sengketa kewarisan pada masyarakat Kota Palangka Raya Kalimantan Tengah mengedepankan perdamaian dengan cara menggunakan hukum Islam terlebih dahulu kemudian dilakukan musyawarah keluarga untuk bersepakat menentukan bagian dan pembagian harta. Tradisi tersebut dilakukan dengan cara yang digabung atau due procces dispute resolution kewarisan. Sikap mental masyarakat tetap membagi harta secara Islam, kemudian harta digabung dengan nilai kemanusiaan (humanis). Adanya asas kekeluargaandalam perlindungan terhadap harta (hifzul maal) dalam keluarga, sehingga masyarakat kembali membagi harta dengan metode islah yang dibangun berdasarkan kesepakatan kekeluargaan. Masyarakat  Kota Palangka Raya melaksanakan prinsip ta’abbudi dalam konteks menjalankan hukum faraid yang juga bertujuan syariat (maqashid syariah) memelihara agama (hifzul din) kemudian menjalankan prinsip ta’aqqulli berupa ijtiha","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47709204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Front Page 扉页
Mazahib Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.21093/mj.v18i1.1593
M. Ahyar
{"title":"Front Page","authors":"M. Ahyar","doi":"10.21093/mj.v18i1.1593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i1.1593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48868521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Politics, Local Governments, and Sharia By-Laws in Indonesia: Revisiting A Common Assumption 印尼的政治、地方政府和伊斯兰教法:重新审视一个共同的假设
Mazahib Pub Date : 2019-01-18 DOI: 10.21093/MJ.V17I2.1347
D. Muhtada
{"title":"Politics, Local Governments, and Sharia By-Laws in Indonesia: Revisiting A Common Assumption","authors":"D. Muhtada","doi":"10.21093/MJ.V17I2.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/MJ.V17I2.1347","url":null,"abstract":"After the fall of Suharto regime, some local governments in Indonesia have adopted Shari’a by-laws. Several studies suggest that this adoption of Shari’a by-laws was influenced mostly by the political motives of the local elites. They used such by-laws as a strategy to gain political supports from Muslim voters. They also used the by-laws to facilitate bribery and electoral corruption using social and religious instruments and to distract people’s attention from ongoing corruption. Although it confirms the political motives behind the adoption of the Shari’a by-laws, this paper suggests that such political motives may not the only factors leading to the introduction of Shari’a by-laws. Based on the study of the political and religious backgrounds of the district heads, who were elected in the local elections between 2008 and 2013, in the six major provinces, this paper indicates that political motives do not play alone. The district heads’ religious backgrounds can be the other important factors contributing to the adoption of Shari’a by-laws by some local governments in Indonesia.Key words: Shari’a by-laws, politics, local governments, Indonesia. AbstrakSetelah jatuhnya rezim Suharto, beberapa pemerintah daerah di Indonesia menerapkan peraturan daerah bernuansa Syariah (perda Syariah). Beberapa kajian berpendapat bahwa pengadopsian perda Syariah ini banyak dipengaruhi oleh motif politik dari para elit daerah. Mereka menggungaka perda tersebut sebagai strategi untuk mendapatkan dukungan politik dari para pemilih Muslim. Mereka pula menggunakan perda tersebut sebagai transaksi suap dan kecurangan elektoral untuk mengalihkan perhatian masyarakat dari korupsi yang tengah berlangsung di Indonesia. Meskipun artikel ini menegaskan adanya motif politik di balik penerapan perda Syariah, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa motif politik tersebut bukanlah satu-satunya factor yang mengarahkan pada permulaan diterapkannya perda Syariah. Berdasarkan kajian pada latar belakang politik dan keagamaan dari para Bupati, yang mana terpilih pada pemilihan umum dari tahun 2008-2013 di enam provinsi besar, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa motif politik tidak bermain sendiri. Latar belakang keagamaan para Bupati dapat menjadi factor penting lainnya yang berkontribusi pada penerapan perda Syariah oleh beberapa pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: perda Syariah, politik, pemerintah daerah, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45192984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Para-fiqh: Bridging Thematic Fiqh to Ushūl and Ushūl’s Response to Specialization of Fiqh Para fiqh:将主题fiqh与Ushāl联系起来,以及Ushīl对fiqh专业化的回应
Mazahib Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.21093/mj.v17i2.1192
A. S. Siregar
{"title":"Para-fiqh: Bridging Thematic Fiqh to Ushūl and Ushūl’s Response to Specialization of Fiqh","authors":"A. S. Siregar","doi":"10.21093/mj.v17i2.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v17i2.1192","url":null,"abstract":"The latest trend regarding the study of contemporary thematic Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) is built upon a paradigm that fiqh, as a science developed in the Islamic tradition, is able to respond to every modern challenge. This paradigm seems to be incompatible with the study of the Islamic legal theory (Ushū al-fiqh) which is considered stagnant. However, the study of Ushū al-fiqh is, the initial gate to the discussion of legal reasoning which enables those who master it come up with theoretically correct rulings and hopefully responsive to the needs of the times. Discussing the thematic Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) without going through the Ushū al-fiqh thinking framework may lead to a serious gap to the product of the thematic fiqh study. The thematic fiqh studies such as fiqh siyāsah (Islamic jurisprudence on constitution), fiqh munākahat (Islamic jurisprudence on marriage), and Islamic jurisprudence on health issues are not infrequently distorted from the actual context. This article offers a way of dealing with the gaps. In this case, the terminology presented is para-fiqh. Para-fiqh is a term to bridge the trend between the thematic fiqh studies and the stagnancy of Ushū al-fiqh study which, in turn, give birth to the antithesis in the form of thematic Ushū al-fiqh. This article employs the conceptual-doctrinal approach which seeks to present the problems of various classical literatures of the Muslim scholars. By scrutinizing the concept para-fiqh, it is hoped that: first, this article presents a universal legal argument on some particular legal themes; second, it explains the principles of Ushū al-fiqh to understand the thematic fiqh products. The findings emphasize that the para-fiqh concept is important for enriching the intellectual tradition of Muslim communities, as well as being a bridge between the gaps created by the study of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and the study of Islamic legal theory (Ushū al-fiqh).Keywords: para-fiqh; thematic ushūl, thematic fiqh, Ushūl jināyat; Ushūl mu`āmalat. AbstrakTrend terbaru mengenai kajian fiqh tematik kontemporer saat ini membangun paradigma bahwa fiqh adalah salah satu ilmu yang berkembang dalam tradisi Islam yang mampu merespon tantangan zaman. Paradigma ini seakan tidak sebangun dengan kajian Ushul fiqh yang dianggap stagnan. Namun demikian, kajian Ushul fiqh sebenarnya adalah gerbang awal pembahasan penalaran hukum sehingga melahirkan keputusan-keputusan hukum yang tepat. Membahas fiqh tematik tanpa melalui kerangka berfikir ushuliy  membawa gap yang serius terhadap produk kajian fiqh tematik tersebut. kajian-kajian tematik seperti fiqh siyāsah, fiqh, munākahat, fiqh kontemporer dan kesehatan tidak jarang terserabut dari konteks yang sebenarnya. Artikel ini menawarkan sebuah jalan lintas mengenai gap yang terjadi. Dalam kasus ini, terminology yang dihadirkan adalah para-fikqh. Para-fiqh adalah istilah untuk menjembatani antara trend kajian fiqh tematik dengan stagnasi kajian ushul fiqh; seh","PeriodicalId":31362,"journal":{"name":"Mazahib","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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