Arhitektura i Urbanizam最新文献

{"title":"Determining architectural composition through infrastructural tenets","authors":"Nemanja Kordić","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-30694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-30694","url":null,"abstract":"Today, in the 21st century within the context of the neoliberal market, architecture has become a tool of capital, demanding minimal investment with maximum spatial and environmental performance. Permanent changes that follow the rapid development of an information-based society imply an infrastructural take on the architectural composition, which has become increasingly programmatically unstable and market driven. Therefore today, an architectural composition traditionally understood as a set of part to-whole relations on three basic levels: form, function (program and its performance) and structure, can be perceived through the relations between volume, program range and infrastructure (which integrates the structural and performative aspects). Beginning with the hypothesis that socio-economic changes alter the conceptions of infrastructure in the design process, and understanding ways to transform the architectural composition, a set of key historical moments and relations are established between the development of: architectural tools and methodologies, norms and policies of spatial and energy efficiencies, and understanding infrastructure as an omnipresent element within the architectural composition. In urban design and architectural design, two terms can be distinguished: infrastructural ground - a term that brings infrastructure closer to the architecture scale, and infrastructural tenets, which are methods in the design process used to evaluate the spatial efficiency and the capacities for programmatic change, determining the relation between transformations within the design process and those of a completed project. Therefore, a new design approach is needed to define the capacities of programmatic transformations that can follow different models: flexibility, performativity and process, while maintaining the optimal spatial efficiency. The research showed that the choice of a transformational strategy depends on the program and envelope typologies to determine a project-specific infrastructural tenet - the layout of infrastructural elements which is located and quantified using the basic spatial efficiency parameters and indicators. As a launching point for further research, a theoretical matrix is proposed for four envelope typologies and three dominant program typologies, followed by a list of basic spatial efficiency parameters to loosely describe their infrastructural layouts.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motifs for emphasizing corners in the characterization of corner infill buildings","authors":"Đorđe Alfirević, Sanja Simonović-Alfirević","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-33187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-33187","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the paper is corner infills in the urban environment. The term \"corner infill\" means an architectural object (house or building) that completes the continuity of two sequences of architectural objects that meet at an angle. One of the most important elements in the articulation of a corner house is the contact zone between the two external facades. Under certain circumstances, the so-called \"corner theme\" can become their meeting point. The corner theme in architecture implies a place that is emphasized in relation to the adjacent facade planes or the volumetry of the building. Although the principle of corner accentuation in architecture is present in most corner houses, there are numerous examples of urban infills in which the corner is not emphasized. That gives the impression that there are certain motifs or circumstances due to which the corner is accented or unaccented. The focus of the paper is not on the formal aspects of the corner articulation, but on analyzing the causes of the appearance of the corner motif. In the paper, characteristic examples of corner houses are considered through scientific analysis, and then the regularities are explored. The motifs that influence the emphasis of the angle in the interpolated building's composition were ascertained by the method of generalization. The aim of the research was to re-examine the position according to which the corner theme in urban infills is justified in situations when the house fits into the immediate urban environment of culturalhistorical or architectural significance. On the other hand, if the house is connected to surrounding buildings of lower quality or significance, the theme of the corner loses its meaning, because the whole house becomes a new city reference point, therefore emphasizing that the corner is superfluous.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban development of Cetinje and Bari observed through of the activities of Augusto Cesare Corradini (1900-1931)","authors":"Aleksandar Dajković","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-32734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-32734","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the chronological development of urbanism in Cetinje and Bari observed through the work of Italian architect Augusto Cesare Corradini (Augusto Cesare Corradini 1860-1932). Corradini contributed to the intensive urban and architectural development of Cetinje, the former capital of Montenegro, in the period 1900-1912, and Bari, the center of the Pula region, especially in the period 1905-1931. In these environments, he managed to define spaces with recognizable urban-architectural creations with an artistic sign, either as a segment of international eclecticism, such as the Russian legation in Cetinje (1900), Fizzarotti Palace (1906-1908) and Ingami Scalvini Palace (1923) or rationalism/modernism, such as the Fiat Palace (1925) and the pavilion of the Navigation Company of Puglia (1930) in Bari. Corradini especially defined the urban identity of cities with monumental buildings and complexes - the Government House in Cetinje (1910), and the Fiera del Levante (1928) in Bari. Aimed at acting in different environments and socio-political systems, his work had a special architectural expression with an undoubtedly semantic character. With new stylistic concepts and forms of spatial organization, he permanently influenced the modern urbanarchitectural processes of the mentioned cities, and the status of his work as national cultural goods confirms its importance as a unique combination of functional and decorative, artistic and technical. Through his integral view of urban trends and Corradini's work in Cetinje and Bari, the strong influence of this Italian architect on the formation of unique urban matrices can be seen.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing urban heat islands and improving the thermal comfort of residents: A nature-based solution","authors":"Tomislava T. Đorđević","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-27685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-27685","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of urban blue-green infrastructures are well known: they intercept airborne three-atom particles, thus reducing pollution levels; and they provide shade and cooling by means of evapotranspiration. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate methods such as remote sensing and multi-spectral analysis, which can be a very useful addition to the quantification of blue-green infrastructures for cooling and shading, especially in the highly complex geometry of city blocks. The basic aim of this research is to attempt to reduce urban heat islands and in this way to indirectly increase the comfort of living. A cause/ effect relationship between the envelope of built up structures and the solar radiation distribution on the environment was established by means of multi-spectral analysis, and an estimation was made concerning the lack of vegetation on a specific parcel/block (an important tool for urban planners). This state-of-the-art methodology was applied to the optimized prediction concept of vegetation resources. Now it is possible to create a model that will incorporate this newly-added urban vegetation into urban plans, depending on the evaporation potential that will affect the microclimate of the urban area. Such natural cooling can be measured and adapted and hence aimed at a potential decrease in temperature in areas with UHI emissions. As a case study, part of a seacoast urban block (Abu Dhabi UE,) was analysed with and without a street treeline and green façades and roofs. It was concluded that green infrastructure reduced the land surface temperature by up to 4.5˚C.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression of architect Milosav Miša Mitić (1932-1970) in the 1960s: The search, crystallization and maturity","authors":"Goran Anđelković","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-28230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-28230","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the research is the beginning of the design work and professional engagement of architect Milosav Miša Mitić in the 1960s. Until now, this period of Mitić's design practice and construction activity has not been the subject of any scientific research, and it has still not been assessed in architectural historiography. The aims of the paper are to shed light on the lesser-known facts about Mitić's work at the beginning of his professional career, to determine the basic characteristics of his practice and to critically re-examine his contribution to the overall picture of Serbian architecture in the second half of the twentieth century. The scientific analysis covers significant unrealized and accomplished architectural achievements, both independently in the project studio Atrium (1956-1959), and jointly within the architectural group Belgrade Five (1954-1970). It examines in detail Mitić's developmental creative path in three phases (1956-1960): the search for authorial expression during the 1950s in the project studio Atrium, when his authorial duality comes to the fore, imbued with a strong sense of modus operandi and modus vivendi; crystallization of the author's expression within a five-member group, through a series of competitions and the first major accomplished project in the first housing estate within the Central zone of New Belgrade; and reaching full authorial maturity in his first major independent contracted design and construction project, for the EFGH local community center complex, with the S-10 commercial and residential tower. This is historical evidence of the possible different physiognomy of the future center of New Belgrade, with its recognizable architecture.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role and scope of the general urban plan in contemporary planning in Belgrade","authors":"Ana Graovac, J. Đokić, Ana Teofilović, V. Teofilović","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-28741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-28741","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the General urban plan (GUP), as a traditional planning instrument that can respond to the challenges of the contemporary social context. Given that in 2019 a decision was made to develop a new GUP of Belgrade, which should offer a strategic spatial and urban solution based on the principles of social, economic, environmental and cultural sustainability to be developed in the coming decades, the question is what is and what should be the GUP and what should it look like, but perhaps most importantly - what can be included in the GUP be today? The role and scope of the General urban plan are explored from two aspects. In the first, the role of the GUP is analyzed within the institutional framework - the Law on planning and construction and the Law on the planning system of the RS, which was adopted in 2018, as well as their connection, interaction and the possibilities that arise from it. In the second step, the scope of the GUP is explored through an assessment of contemporary planning practice in Belgrade, with the General plan of Belgrade 2021 adopted in 2003 as its cornerstone, and then analyzing the changes in planning that occurred through its further implementation and detailed elaboration. While the strategic role of the GUP is increasing with the possibility of connecting both planning systems, in practice its importance and scope are continuously weakening, leaving the planned growth and development of Belgrade to the economic interests related to individual locations.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The architect as an object of history","authors":"J. Mitrović, Sonja Dedić","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-32550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-32550","url":null,"abstract":"The paper problematizes the state of the contemporary architectural discipline, focusing on the functional crisis of the author, starting from the assumption that the dialectical form of the biographical approach in the analysis of architectural matter, in addition to its practical and pedagogical justifications, lacks the capacity to reveal its real historical purpose. The introductory part of the research explains the leading role that hermeneutic activity gained in modernism, thanks to the hermetic character of modern artistic principles as well as the pseudo-hermetic positioning of theoretical strongholds. The basic assumption of the paper is that in the present time, the system of values is radically changed by the weakening of the integral text, which in the epoch of modernization preceded the existence of the work itself. The second part of the research sheds light on the origin of the status of the author, from the initial moment of individualization of ideas in the Renaissance, all the way to its rationalization and formalization in modernism, while the third part analyzes the primary foundations of the discursive architectural discipline, derived from a vitruvian essay about the philosophical education of architects. The fourth part denotes a crisis of values whose roots are deeper and more elementary than the symbiosis between production and management, or the vanity of the performer, seeing it in the broader context of the specific state of Enlightenment culture and its world, as an inherent disintegration of a single notion of truth. The categories on which the modern epistemology of the architectural discipline rests inevitably set the condition for their own overstepping and destabilization, where the loss of the basic figure of identity and the stratification of the subjective horizon, as well as the disciplinary narrative, lead to either apparent or real anonymity of the discourse, by radicalizing creative acts and practice. The historical method in the paper is conditioned by the very nature of architectural objects, whose research engages independent sources of knowledge, differing from the paradigmatic models of some other disciplines that do not create forms but are exclusively related to the analysis of events.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotel Majestic as the first boutique hotel in Serbia","authors":"D. Živković, Sanja Simonović-Alfirević, Sanja Gogić","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-33666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-33666","url":null,"abstract":"At the time it was built, Hotel Majestic set the standards for elite hotels and for a high level of hotel management services in Serbia. Its owner, also the designer of the hotel, Milan Minić, fully carried out his intention for his hotel to stand out from other hotels, and become an elite and fashionable meeting place in Belgrade and in global high society. The building is a combination of architecture, fine and applied arts, and at the same time it represents high standards in design, construction and interior design, which makes it a significant authorial achievement of Belgrade's interwar architecture. The aim of this research was to analyze the architectural, urban, artistic and other characteristics of the Hotel Majestic building, in order to re-examine the view that Hotel Majestic was the forerunner of modern boutique hotels, and thus decades ahead of its time. Many authors have written about the characteristics of boutique hotels; however, the definition of the concept still remains vague. By comparative analysis of the available literature and by summarizing the results of this research, it can be concluded that Hotel Majestic fully meets all relevant criteria by which a boutique hotel can be recognized. The contribution of this research in the theoretical sense is reflected in the analysis and systematization of the most important interpretations of the concept of boutique hotels, as well as their basic characteristics. In the historiographical sense, the research provides a new insight into the so far unexplored area of boutique hotels in Serbia. Guidelines for further research could be directed towards discovering new examples of boutique hotels, as well as clarifying their definition and introducing them into legal regulations.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A contribution to the study of Milan Zloković's architecture in Belgrade from the interwar period","authors":"A. Banković","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-30005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-30005","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous published papers have covered the life and work of architect Milan Zloković. He has been presented as a pioneer of the modern movement in Serbian architecture and one of its most prominent representatives, as well as one of the most eminent Serbian architects from the first half of the 20th century. His extensive opus, which officially contains just over 170 designs, has been analyzed in detail. However, during the musealization of his legacy, in the process of forming the Bequest of Milan Zloković, and in cooperation with Belgrade City Museum and the Milan Zloković Foundation, over 50 previously unknown designs were identified. This was the result of the extensive research of vast amounts of project documentation, preserved in his family house and previously unavailable to researchers. This paper presents one part of that research, specifically the designs for several structures in Belgrade, originating from the interwar period. The first section presents a short biography of Zloković, especially with regard to the period from 1925 to 1937. The second section is dedicated to his designs, each of which is presented separately. The section is further divided into two segments, the first of which is built structures, and the second, unrealized projects. Included in the built structures are also a few alterations and extensions. The paper is mostly based on a study of primary sources, designs from the Milan Zloković legacy and documentation from the Historical Archive of Belgrade, as well as previously published research.","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The office building at Južni bulevar 10, Belgrade","authors":"Jelena Ivanović-Vojvodić, Goran Vojvodic","doi":"10.5937/a-u0-32759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-32759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31335,"journal":{"name":"Arhitektura i Urbanizam","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71203798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}