ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Accuracy Testing for Software Defined Network Internet of Things (SDN-IOT) Testbed","authors":"S. Ariffin, Jia Le Chong, Nurul Mu’azzah Abdul Latif,, N. N. Nik Abd Malik, R. Arsat, M. A. Baharudin, S. Syed-Yusof, K. M. Yusof","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.361","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Intrusion detection system (IDS) are considered as one of the best solutions for network security as it can detect intrusion and alert the network administrator on possible intrusions. However there are possible false alert that could cause unnecessary trigger of the network to the administrator. This paper provides a proof of concept of the accuracy test of an intrusion detection system (IDS) using software defined network IoT platform. The testbed uses UNSW-NB15 dataset that feeds the testbed and the traffic are mirror in a Ryu Controller that is installed with Snort IDS to monitor any DDoS attacks. For proof of concept false positive and false negative tests are run to ensure that the IDS are well configured. The experiment shows that the SDN-IoT platform with Snort IDS is accurate in both false positive and false negative test.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133512039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigate the Effect of Distributed Generators Connected to Distribution System","authors":"S. Oraibi, R. Idris","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.389","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the use of two methods, the first being the conventional method and the second being curve time grading methods to study and mitigate the effect of connecting the distributive generators to the IEEE15 bus distribution system. The main contribution of this work is that they are simple and applicable to all types of medium-sized networks and high speed to obtain results, compared with other methods that require the use of complex programs and require a long time to implement and obtain results. This is achieved through the use of some simple and uncomplicated equations with almost total dependence on ETAP software. ETAP program is used for analyzing and checking the results obtained, where the operating time and TMS value of all relays in the system are calculated in case the distribution generators are not connected, and to ensure the quality of coordination by Etap software, then the distributive generators are connected, their effects are studied, and the relays are coordinated again by the two previous methods. The conventional method applies to all topologies, but it requires accuracy in transferring information and takes a longer time to obtain results compared to the curve time grading method, which in its work depends entirely on the use of star view from Etap curves characteristics, its results are more accurate and can be obtained in less time. The methods mentioned enabled the engineers and technicians in controlling the electrical system connected to distribution generators by obtaining high accuracy results in a very short time.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114824393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Demand Side Management Strategies and Electricity Tariffs in Distributed Grids","authors":"Ahmed Tijjani Dahiru, Chee Wei Tan, S. Salisu, K. Y. Lau, C. L. Toh, Abba Lawan Bukar","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.358","url":null,"abstract":"A major challenge in renewable energy planning and integration with existing systems is the management of intermittence of the renewable resources and customer demand uncertainties. In emerging distributed grids, state-of-the-art optimization techniques were used for cost and reliability objectives. In the existing literature, power dispatch and demand side management schemes were implemented for various techno-economic objectives. In renewable energy-based distributed grids, power dispatch is strategic to distributed grid operations. However, demand side management is preferred, as it allows more options for customer participation. Moreover, the demand side management can simply follow supplies. This paper investigates the functions of demand side management as it affects the planning and operations of renewable energy-based distributed grids. The traditional demand side management strategies were inflexible and affect customer comforts. The time-of-use methods on the other hand are utility-centered and do not allow customer participation. Hence, integration of demand side management with tariff regimes through hybridizations such as time-of-use based real-time pricing were conceptualized for improved economic performance, reliability enhancement, and mitigation of environmental implications.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Muscle Fatigue during Prolonged Driving","authors":"Nur Liyana Azmi, Noor Azlyn Ab Ghafar, Khairul Affendy Md Nor, N. Nordin","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.376","url":null,"abstract":"Driving has become essential in transporting people from one place to another. However, prolonged driving could cause muscle fatigue, leading to drowsiness and microsleep. Electromyography is an important type of electro-psychological signal that is used to measure electrical activity in muscles. The current study attempted to use machine learning algorithms to classify EMG signals recorded from the trapezius muscle of 10 healthy subjects in non-fatigue and fatigue conditions. The EMG signals and the time when muscle fatigue was experienced by the subjects were recorded. The mean frequency and median frequency of the EMG signals were extracted as dataset features. Six machine learning models were used for the classification: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, k-nearest Neighbour, Decision Tree and Random Forest. The results show that both the median and mean frequency are lower when fatigue conditions exist. In term of the classification performance, the Random Forest, Decision Tree and k-nearest Neighbour classifiers produced the accuracy levels of 85.00%, 83.75% and 81.25% respectively. Thus, the highest accuracy for classifying muscle fatigue due to prolonged driving was obtained by the Random Forest classifier, using both the median and mean frequency of the EMG signals. This method of using the mean and median frequency will be useful in classifying driver’s non-fatigue and fatigue conditions during prolonged driving.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"87 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113982951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling, Simulation and Navigation of a Two-Wheel Mobile Robot using Pure Pursuit Controller","authors":"S. W. Nawawi, Amr Abdeltawab, Noor Erlia Nasha Samsuria, Navein a/l Sirkunan","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.418","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the field of mobile robotics have witnessed an unprecedented expansion due to their vast applications that range from surveillance and construction to planetary exploration and emergency rescue operations. Their tasks became more and more complex that their autonomy became essential in the majority of the applications which means that devising controllers that suit different scenarios and situations is of importance. In this project, we aim to control the velocity of a modelled 2-wheel differential drive robot by using a PSO optimized PID controller. In addition to speed control, in order for a robot to move to specific waypoints by itself, a path planning algorithm has to be implemented. Pure pursuit, a simple yet efficient path tracking method for nonholonomic ground vehicles is utilized.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134109331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posture monitoring device for abnormal spine musculoskeletal detection using flex sensor","authors":"M. O. Ibitoye, Y. Ahmed, T. M. Ajibola, Idowu Olayemi Oladejo","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.379","url":null,"abstract":"During activity of daily living involving standing, sitting or maneuvering, humans are typically susceptible to neck and shoulder strain, and other musculoskeletal conditions, severity of which may lead to posture deformity. To prevent these clinical conditions, we developed a low-cost and user-friendly posture monitor mainly built on a single flex sensor. The design was based on abnormal posture detection by a flex sensor whose signal triggers a buzzer to notify the user or care giver of these clinical conditions. Through Arduino IDE, an ATmega328 microcontroller controlled the sequence of the flex sensing to the audible alarm output. The buzzer was designed to go off automatically when the user adjusts his/her posture to normalcy. With a sensitivity of 84.6% during testing of this device, the developed posture monitoring device could be adjudged effective and suitable to monitor people's posture while sitting or standing especially in environments where menial jobs are prevalent. In these individuals, this device may prevent deformity prone diseases that may warrant surgical intervention for correction.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115628763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Analysis of Simplified PV Module With Various Temperature And Irradiance Inputs Using MATLAB Simulink Algorithm","authors":"Norhaisam Ismail, Dalila Mat Said, S. Mirsaeidi, N. Ahmad, N. Rosmin, S. M. Hussin, Siti Aisyah Abd Wahid, Zaris Izzati Mohd Yassin, Nur Hazirah Binti Zainal","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.365","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) systems offer a potential solution to the global energy crisis. Modeling study and analysis involving solar PV module is an important task in a PV system to be more user friendly, improve reliability and performance. However, the output characteristics of PV modules are nonlinear, since they are dependent on environmental conditions such as solar irradiance and temperature, as well as local climate conditions such as humidity and wind. The various methods used have some common gaps as the absence of step-by-step procedure which causes difficulties to understand. Indeed, accurate modeling of PV modules is important to provide a better understanding of their operation and output characteristics, since simulations can be used to understand the behavior of PV modules under various operating conditions. The objective of the project is first, to build and model a solar photovoltaic (PV) module algorithm using Matlab/Simulink. Second, to simulate and analyze the behavior of the model in various temperature and irradiance input conditions. Third, to validate the results obtained from the simulations by comparing the output characteristics with the manufacturer’s datasheet. The methodology used by presenting the principles of detailed modeling of PV modules using Matlab/Simulink software. The constructed model is taken from the equations obtained from the equivalent circuit of a single diode model. The PV Module block is a five-parameter model using a light-generated current source (IL), diode, series resistance (Rs), and shunt resistance (Rsh) to represent the irradiance and temperature-dependent I-V and P-V characteristics of the module. This method provides a simple, reliable, and highly flexible method to adapt PV modules to different environmental conditions such as irradiance, temperature and physical parameters of the solar modules such as resistance, current, voltage, ideality factors and others. The simulation results and data obtained show that the block module developed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink with various input values ​​of temperature and irradiance is almost identical to the real PV module and user-friendly.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114915630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Reconfigurable Transmitarray Unit Cell Design at Ku-Band Using PIN Diodes","authors":"Muhammad Naeem Iqbal, M. F. Mohd Yusoff, M. K. A. Rahim, M. Hamid, Z. Johari, H. Ur Rahman","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.351","url":null,"abstract":"Beam reconfigurable Transmitarray antennas require the unit cell phase variation capability. This paper presents a new reconfigurable Transmitarray unit cell design using PIN diodes at the Ku-band. The unit cell is comprised of three layers having four PIN diodes used in every unit cell layer. This results in phase controlling by switching the PIN diodes on every layer individually. The unit cell s-parametric analysis shows a high transmission coefficient magnitude (> -3.6dB) at a design frequency of 12.5GHz and maximum wide impedance bandwidth (17.5%). Four different switching states configurations are used, which result in phase variations over the range of 150.5 degrees. The transmission coefficient magnitude remains high for all four switching states. The proposed reconfigurable unit cell can be used in designing beam switched Transmitarray antennas for satellite communications and beam steering applications.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131364176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination of Overcurrent Relay In Distribution System","authors":"R. Mohamad Idris, Siti Zulaikha Mohamed","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.354","url":null,"abstract":"The overcurrent phenomena are a dangerous condition that can be occurred in the electrical system and equipment. The condition of the overcurrent will cause the short-circuited current flows through the system and affect the other distribution line. The purpose of this study is to investigate the coordination of the overcurrent relay in different types of the distribution network which are radial distribution system, ring distribution system, and interconnected distribution system during line to ground fault occur at the bus. The generation of the overcurrent and directional overcurrent flow in the distribution network will damage the nearest equipment and reduce the power stability. The installation of the IDMT overcurrent relay in the distribution system will clear the faulty section from affecting the other distribution line. This protective device also operates to detect the abnormal condition with proper time current characteristic condition that involves the optimum time speed, accurate coordination, and sensitivity. The simulation of the IDMT overcurrent relay in the one-line diagram of the distribution network is executed by using ETAP software meanwhile the IDMT relay setting is calculated via MATLAB. ","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115471587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Vibration Analysis of Industrial Cooling Fans","authors":"Labib Sharrar, K. Danapalasingam","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.367","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial cooling fans are responsible for maintaining stable temperatures for delicate components. Therefore, a cooling system failure can certainly lead to machine downtime. Fault Condition Monitoring (FCM) is a predictive maintenance method that can be applied to cooling fans for fault prediction. As the components of a cooling fan wear off, its vibration tends to vary. Thus, this paper uniquely elaborates on three intelligent vibration analysis techniques that are applicable in the FCM of cooling fans. In this research, 1) image encoding with convolutional neural network (CNN), 2) moving average, and 3) fuzzy logic techniques are designed, employed, and their potentials as FCM tools are compared. The vibration data is collected from an experimental test bench that consists of a fan, an accelerometer, and a microcontroller, among others. Once enough data is obtained, the three vibration analysis techniques are applied using Python and MATLAB. The results reported in this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of these intelligent vibration analysis techniques in the FCM of cooling fans and possibly other industrial equipment. The novelty of the research revolves around the fan fault classification techniques that are being compared. The image-encoding technique described in this paper has yet to be applied for fault classification. Additionally, while fuzzy logic and moving average are popular methods, this is the first time that they are being used for vibration analysis of cooling fans. Furthermore, this is also a novel comparative study of different vibration analysis techniques.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131326940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}