{"title":"Grating Lobes Reduction in an Array Antenna Using Curved Disc Monopoles","authors":"A. Hachi, Lebbar Hassan, M. Himdi","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.360","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the study of an array antenna with curved disc monopoles whose average spacing between elements is greater than a wavelength l0. The proposed antenna is a linear array, consisting of four equally spaced curved disc monopoles excited by a corporate feed (T-junction power divider). The single element is characterized by a directional radiation pattern in the H plane. Compared to an isotropic monopole antenna array, the proposed array reduces the grating lobes to more than -15dB. As a result, the gain will be increased. The array antenna is fabricated and measured for its impedance and radiation characteristics. The results of the simulation and measurement are in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilyaminu Muhammad, Mariam Abdulazeez Ahmed, Ibrahim Haruna, Usman Ismail Abdullahi
{"title":"Keyframe Extraction for Low-Motion Video Summarization Using K-Means Clustering","authors":"Bilyaminu Muhammad, Mariam Abdulazeez Ahmed, Ibrahim Haruna, Usman Ismail Abdullahi","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.332","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of increase in multimedia data required the need for an improved bandwidth utilization and storage capacity. However, low-motion videos come with a large number of feature-related frames due to its static background. These redundant frames result to difficulty in terms of video streaming, retrieval, and transmission. In other to improve the user experience, video summarization technologies were proposed. These techniques were presented to select representative frames from a full-length video and remove the duplicated ones. Though, an improvement was recorded in the keyframe extraction process. However, a large number of redundant frames were observed to be extracted as keyframes. Therefore, this study presents an improved keyframe extraction scheme for low-motion video summarization. The proposed scheme utilizes a k-means clustering approach to group the feature-related frames within a given video data into number of clusters. Furthermore, a representative frame from each cluster was extracted as keyframe. The results obtained shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of compression ratio, precision and recall rates with a value of 26.62%, 13.78%, and 6.63% respectively","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121934866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukman Hendrajaya, N. Samsuri, M. Hamid, M. K. A. Rahim, N. Murad, B. S. Nugroho
{"title":"On-Body Performance of a Frequency Reconfigurable Wearable Antenna for 5G Health Monitoring Application","authors":"Lukman Hendrajaya, N. Samsuri, M. Hamid, M. K. A. Rahim, N. Murad, B. S. Nugroho","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and simulation of a meandered bowtie frequency reconfigurable wearable antenna for a 5G health monitoring application. The antenna is based on a transdermal patch as the substrate, hence it offers convenience when it is applied on a user as compared to other recent developed wearable antennas. The antenna can cater to various frequencies especially the 5G frequency bands in Malaysia (700MHz, 3.5GHz) and Indonesia (2.3 GHz, 3.4 - 3.6 GHz). Studies on the deployment of the antenna on a body phantom are also presented in this paper as well as several techniques to reduce the on-body effects. Results have shown that the design can be a promising candidate in wearable healthcare monitoring applications as well as a reference for future research and studies.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. W. Nawawi, Abd Alati Alhadi Mohammed Ahmed, Hasin Abrar Biswas, Mohammed Alih Jibrin
{"title":"Modeling and Simulation of autonomous mobile robot system for collision avoidance in VR environment using Simscape-Multibody","authors":"S. W. Nawawi, Abd Alati Alhadi Mohammed Ahmed, Hasin Abrar Biswas, Mohammed Alih Jibrin","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.384","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous mobile robots have recently become a centre of attention in the robotics community due to their ease of design, modeling and implementation, making them very lucrative in logistics, monitoring, mapping and other purposes. Fundamentally, collision avoidance is a major aspect of an autonomous mobile robot which requires assistance from other aspects like sensor fusion, localization, path planning etc., to contribute to achieving proper functionality in an open environment, hence the inherently required integration makes it hard to many researchers, robotics and robot enthusiasts to incorporate multi-dimensional functionalities in their system. Sometimes traditional software for robotics makes it harder to acquire actual insight into their system due to a lack of cross-platform compatibility. Therefore, this research aims to demonstrate a way to integrate important aspects required for obstacle avoidance system for design and analysis using a compatible system which is SolidWorks and MatLab simscape multibody, which provides sufficient scope to properly and accurately simulate autonomous systems on a real-time basis that can be used with actual hardware to final implementation. The findings of the study demonstrate that it is very much feasible to use such a method for robotic and other complex mechanics applications, and further analysis of the sensor fusion algorithm reveals some shortcomings of the sensor fusing algorithm and data processing which can be avoided by introducing further sensor sequencing and implementing adaptive neuro fuzzy-based system.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116711927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Johari, Z. Tan, Muhammad Faidzal Mohamad Rasol, A. Hamzah, Michael Tan Loong Peng, Suhana Mohamed Sultan, N. Alias, S. Isaak, Yusmeera Yusoff
{"title":"Performance Comparison of CMOS and NMOS GNRFET Full Adder","authors":"Z. Johari, Z. Tan, Muhammad Faidzal Mohamad Rasol, A. Hamzah, Michael Tan Loong Peng, Suhana Mohamed Sultan, N. Alias, S. Isaak, Yusmeera Yusoff","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.347","url":null,"abstract":"Transistor makes up the cornerstone of modern computing. In this work, a SPICE model of GNRFET was used to simulate the performance of a NMOS and CMOS binary full adder. The performance of this adder was evaluated in terms of its average power consumption and propagation delay. Three variables, namely the resistance value, dimer lines and channel length were manipulated and the impact on its performance was assessed. It was observed that a linear improvement in propagation delay was accompanied by an exponential increase in power consumption and only a small range of values of resistance was able to deliver a relatively reasonable trade-off between power consumption and propagation delay. These values range from approximately 110 kΩ to 130 kΩ. When the dimer lines were varied from 12 to 8 and channel length was varied from 32 nm to 16 nm, the results showed that a channel length of 16 nm was superior to that of a channel length of 32 nm as it showed 25.25 % of improvement in propagation delay at approximately similar power consumption. On the other hand, the choice of dimer lines and circuit architecture was required to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. For a compute-intensive application with a controlled environment, NMOS logic with 8 dimer lines should be chosen, while for less compute-intensive applications and portable devices, CMOS logic with 12 dimer lines should be utilised. A NMOS logic was chosen for the former due to a reasonable trade-off of 30.94 % of power consumption for a 35.03 % of propagation delay was established When the performance of these full adders are compared to that of a MTGB based ternary gate in terms of their performance, it was found that the CMOS and NMOS logic full adder performed better than a MTGB based ternary full adder.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132071671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of EEG Technique in a Cognitive Process Study- A Review","authors":"N. Sahar, Norlaili Mat Safri, N. A. Zakaria","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.366","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive processes have been widely studied using non-invasive electrical recording from the scalp called electroencephalograms (EEGs). This paper attempts to review cognitive process studies using EEG techniques according to the Layered Reference Model of the Brain (LRMB). Based on the LRMB, there are six layers of cognitive processes: Layer 1 (Sensation), Layer 2 (Memory), Layer 3 (Perception), Layer 4 (Action), Layer 5 (Meta cognitive function), and Layer 6 (Higher cognitive function). Each layer of cognitive processes will be presented with a few example research studies. Valuable information from research studies, such as the electrode of interest, task assessment used and EEG analysis applied, will be indicated and discussed to help the reader understand and select the appropriate task assessment and EEG analysis. All extracted EEG information can be extended for use in machine learning.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hussam Keriee, M. K. A. Rahim, O. Ayop, Nawres Abbas Nayyef, Mustafa Ghanim, O. R. Alobaidi, B. Esmail, Y. M. Hussein
{"title":"A Slotted Planar Antenna for 5G Applications","authors":"Hussam Keriee, M. K. A. Rahim, O. Ayop, Nawres Abbas Nayyef, Mustafa Ghanim, O. R. Alobaidi, B. Esmail, Y. M. Hussein","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.350","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a slotted planar microstrip patch antenna for the 5th generation communication. The planar microstrip patch antenna is designed with a square patch and two longitude slots at 3.5 GHz, using FR4 substrate and feds by a coplanar waveguide structure (CPW). The proposed antenna was simulated, analysed, and optimized using computer simulation technology (CST) software. Simulation results show a good return loss of greater than10 dB and impedance bandwidth of about 650MHz, which meet the requirements of future 5G applications. In this work, the geometry of the presented antenna and its related parameters are presented and discussed","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127232173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overcurrent Relay for Generation Distribution Utilization","authors":"Sarah Herul Anuar, Rasyidah Mohd Idris","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.393","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Generation (DG) is the production of electricity from a variety of renewable energy sources that is closer to the customer and load. The addition of distributed generation sources to the distribution networks alters the characteristics of distribution system and has an influence on its protection coordination. Relay protection plays a critical function in protecting a power system from various problems. Relay protection coordination reduces relay operating time and avoids relay failure. As a result, a fault analysis of the distribution network with and without distributed generation installation is required to determine the effects of installing DG at the radial system on overcurrent relay protection. The software programmed ETAP version 19.0 was used to represent an actual distribution system in this research paper. The consequences on the overcurrent protection relay were discovered as a result of the analysis. Simultaneously, the presence of an overcurrent relay following the installation of DG may no longer be dependable. As a result, it is critical to assess the effects of DG installation in order to verify that the protective zone can be properly protected. ","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125245308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-coil Design Approach for Dual-band Near-field Coupled Resonators","authors":"Lai Ly Pon","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.411","url":null,"abstract":"With the adoption of single coil approach, printed spiral resonator design strategy for near-field wireless energy transfer is presented. A pair of symmetrical resonators operating at high frequency band specifically 6.78 MHz and 13.56 MHz is designed. Simulated power transfer efficiency (PTE) of over 88% are obtained for both frequencies when coupled spiral resonators separated at a distance of 25 mm is integrated with hybrid compensation network topology. The variance of PTE between both frequencies is about 0.04.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Cross-Connected Sources Multilevel Inverter (CCSMLI) based on NLM and SHE Switching Schemes","authors":"Shahrin Md. Ayob, Maulidatul Huda Jasri","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.385","url":null,"abstract":"Power inverter is an important device in nowadays technologies since the usage of renewable energy sources had been increased rapidly throughout the world. The main focus of research in power inverter field today is to produce a high efficiency power inverter to maximize the energy obtained from the renewable energy sources i.e. to reduce the energy losses. In DC to AC power conversion, the selection of appropriate switching scheme to be implemented is very crucial. In this paper, two different switching schemes, namely Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) and Selective Harmonics Elimination (SHE) are implemented on the Cross-Connected Sources Multilevel Inverter (CCSMLI) circuit with symmetrical configuration. The switching schemes are implemented on two different levels of CCSMLI circuit (11-level and 13-level) with two types of loads (R load and RL load). The performance of the circuit in terms of voltage Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is being compared for different levels, load types and switching schemes. Simulation has been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink R2021a software package. The simulation results indicate a significant reduction in voltage THD when 13-level CCSMLI circuit, RL load and NLM switching scheme are implemented.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129797292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}