Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science最新文献

Prevalence, effects, and factors associated with road rage among drivers in Owerri City, Imo State, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊莫州奥韦里市司机路怒症的发生率、影响及相关因素

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.57046/jjjq6521

Amarachi Ohajinwa-Udonna-Ogbue, Simon Nwabueze, N. Ezeama, Oriji Onyemache, Ubajiaka Florence, Akujobi Comfort, Chimere Ohajinwa

{"title":"Prevalence, effects, and factors associated with road rage among drivers in Owerri City, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Amarachi Ohajinwa-Udonna-Ogbue, Simon Nwabueze, N. Ezeama, Oriji Onyemache, Ubajiaka Florence, Akujobi Comfort, Chimere Ohajinwa","doi":"10.57046/jjjq6521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/jjjq6521","url":null,"abstract":"Road rage and aggressive driving play key roles in road traffic accidents and therefore constitute a public health concern. In spite of the perceived daily exhibition of road rage in Owerri city, no published study has documented the impacts of road rage among drivers. This study therefore aims to assess the prevalence, effects, and factors contributing to road rage among commercial and non-commercial/private drivers in Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria as well as presents possible solutions to road rage in Owerri. A total of 252 drivers (127 commercial drivers and 125 non-commercial/private drivers), were interviewed. A Semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographics, prevalence, effects, factors associated with Road Rage, and possible solutions to prevent road rage from the participating drivers. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS Version 26. Majority (88%) of the drivers were males (96% male commercial drivers and 79% male private drivers). Most of the drivers did not go to driving school (95% of commercial, 58% of private). The mean ages of the drivers were 31 ± 8.8 and 46 ± 7.2 years for commercial and private drivers respectively. The prevalence of road rage was 88.2% (commercial 88% and private 59%). The common expression of road rage includes rude gestures, arguments, and spitting on another drivers. The common effects of road rage include body aches/headaches, chest tightness/palpitation, regret/remorse, and transfer of anger to other road users. Main factors contributing to road rage include poor road maintenance and discourteous driving. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis crucial to devising appropriate intervention to reduce road rage in Owerri city. We recommend implementing public education on courteous driving, especially among commercial drivers as well as adequate and regular road maintenance.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Science, technology, and gender equality: Breaking barriers and building a stronger future 科学、技术与性别平等：打破障碍，建设更强大的未来

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.57046/xqnd6122

Musa Yakubu, Quadri Nurudeen

引用次数: 0

Effects of female hair braiding on selected facial Anthropometrics 女性编发对某些面部人体测量的影响

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.57046/kklk4135

Sunday Obaje, James Ihotu, Orji Bernand, Finbarrs-Bello Elizabeth

{"title":"Effects of female hair braiding on selected facial Anthropometrics","authors":"Sunday Obaje, James Ihotu, Orji Bernand, Finbarrs-Bello Elizabeth","doi":"10.57046/kklk4135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/kklk4135","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Effects of heavy hair braiding on facial anthropometrics have raised concerns in recent times. These concerns arise from the potential impact on cultural practices and the implications for physical appearance and self-perception. This study aimed to investigate the effects of braiding on the soft anthropometrics in face and head among students in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 503 healthy participants, aged 19 to 25 years, were randomly recruited from an institution. Measurements of total facial length and face width were taken. A structured questionnaire was used, that contain anatomical, theatrical, and socio-psychological questions to evaluate the effects of braiding on the face and head. Participants responded using a Likert scale. Results: Mesocephalic shape was the commonest classification of the skulls based on cephalic indices. Relationship between age and facial parameters of the study population showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.17, p<0.05). Majority of respondents agreed that face type/facial structure determines the type of braid (n = 138) and braid can pull the forehead backward (n = 102). Conclusion: This study will contribute to understanding the influence of braiding on facial and head anthropometrics among Nigerian students. This information can inform discussions on cultural practices and their implications for physical appearance and self-perception.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"97 S5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Botryodiplodin (A Mycotoxin) detection in pathogenic Botryodiplodia theobromae isolated from diseased coconut fruits 从患病椰子果实中分离出的致病性椰子霉菌中检测出 Botryodiplodin（一种霉菌毒素

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.57046/hpup6912

Osayomore Ekhorutomwen, Chidi Nnamdi, Olalekan Shittu

{"title":"Botryodiplodin (A Mycotoxin) detection in pathogenic Botryodiplodia theobromae isolated from diseased coconut fruits","authors":"Osayomore Ekhorutomwen, Chidi Nnamdi, Olalekan Shittu","doi":"10.57046/hpup6912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/hpup6912","url":null,"abstract":"Botryodiplodia theobromae is a threat to crops because it produces botryodiplodin, that plays a role in the initial stages of plant infection, creating necrotic areas through which it can easily penetrate. In addition, the botryodiplodin produced is not easily detected during quarantine, and other techniques developed to detect botryodiplodin are not easily practicable for screening numerous samples. Hence, the need to develop an in-culture pigment formation method to identify and differentiate toxigenic and non-toxigenic pathogenic isolates of B. theobromae. In this study, to detect botryodiplodin produced by isolates of B. theobromae, PDA, CDA and modified CDA media were used. Only the modified CDA medium enhanced the detection of botryodiplodin produced by B. theobromae isolates due to the addition of glycine into the medium. The effect of modified CDA composition or formulation, sucrose, and glycine concentrations on botryodiplodin detection were also evaluated. Study on the effect of the modified CDA composition on the detection of botryodiplodin produced by isolates of B. theobromae revealed that only sucrose stimulated the detection of botryodiplodin in comparison with other ingredients in the modified medium. In addition, the results from the study also reveals that increasing sucrose and glycine concentrations directly enhanced botryodiplodin detection, with optimum concentration of sucrose and glycine for detecting botryodiplodin by isolates of B. theobromae established at 15 and 10 g/l respectively. Hence, there is no need to increase the concentration of both sucrose and glycine above these established concentrations when preparing an in-culture medium for screening B. theobromae isolates capable of producing botryodiplodin.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"249 4‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical composition and Larvicidal efficacy of Ficus sycomorus leaf extract against major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii 榕树叶提取物的化学成分和对主要疟疾病媒疟蚊的杀幼虫功效

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.57046/qihk1012

A. Babandi, Chioma Anosike, Lawrence Ezeanyika, Parker Ekijah, Hafeez Yakazi, Abdurrazak Muhammad, Abdullahi Muhammad, Sulaiman Ibrahim

{"title":"Chemical composition and Larvicidal efficacy of Ficus sycomorus leaf extract against major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii","authors":"A. Babandi, Chioma Anosike, Lawrence Ezeanyika, Parker Ekijah, Hafeez Yakazi, Abdurrazak Muhammad, Abdullahi Muhammad, Sulaiman Ibrahim","doi":"10.57046/qihk1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/qihk1012","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to synthetic insecticides used in control of malaria vectors is a major threat to malaria control globally. Natural insecticides of plant origin provide environmentally safe alternativess. This study characterized the phytochemical contents of the Ficus sycomorus leaves and insecticidal activities of its methanolic extract on Anopheles colluzzii larvae. The active secondary metabolites from methanol extract of F. sycomorus leaves were characterized using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A modified WHO standard protocol for larvicidal bioassay was used to determine the activity of methanol extract of the F. sycomorus. Molecular species identification showed that 75 % of the larvae were Anopheles coluzzii (Coetzee & Wilkerson); 6.25 % Anopheles arabiensis and 12.5 % Anopheles gambiae s.s. The extract reduced the survival of An. coluzzii larvae by approximately 52 % at LC50 of 0.225 mg/ml (95% CI: 0.197-0.234; R2 =0.9445) after 24 h, and the mortality was dose dependent (with highest mortality of 51.67 % at 1 mg/ml). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phytosterols and phenols, with alkaloid and flavonoids having the highest concentration in the extract. The GC-MS revealed that the extract contained: tetrapentacontane, 66.6 %; stigmasterol, 2.81 %; squalene, 1.01 %; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 4.04 %; and 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide, 0.51 %. The toxicity of the extract may be due to different insecticidal phytochemicals, probably working independently, synergistically, or additively. Overall, the F. sycomorus leaf extract is a promising larvicide against malarial vector An. coluzzii and should be exploited as an alternative, environmentally safe larvicide.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alternative clean energy for sustainable growth and development of the Nigerian telecommunications sector 替代清洁能源促进尼日利亚电信业的可持续增长和发展

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.57046/tipm1584

A. Sambo, Abdulsalam Mustafa, Nasiru Bello

{"title":"Alternative clean energy for sustainable growth and development of the Nigerian telecommunications sector","authors":"A. Sambo, Abdulsalam Mustafa, Nasiru Bello","doi":"10.57046/tipm1584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/tipm1584","url":null,"abstract":"Telecommunications plays a crucial role in facilitating the transmission of voice, data, and multimedia over extended distances. This paper explores the significance of telecommunications, particularly in Nigeria, the largest ICT market in Africa, where telecom and internet usage hold substantial importance. However, the sector's heavy reliance on fossil fuels has resulted in environmental challenges. This research underscores the imperative to transition to clean energy sources, aligning with the commitment of the Nigerian Communications Commission. The paper presents a case study of a solar hybrid system designed to enhance Base Transceiver Station (BTS) coverage, emphasizing notable challenges such as elevated costs and the industry's familiarity with fossil fuels. The optimal power configuration for a BTS, as identified in the study, features a 16kW PV (photovoltaic) array, 14kW Diesel Generator (DG), 32kWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and Utility, achieving the lowest Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) at $0.255/kWh. The production summary for the Solar PV array is 24,767 kWh/year (76%), the Diesel Generator is 1,250 kWh/year (4%), and the Utility is 6,503 kWh/year (20%). Consequently, the total estimated production is 32,520 kWh/year, constituting 100% of the energy requirement for the BTS. The study proposes solutions to challenges, including local clean energy component production, capacity building, and regulatory alignment. In conclusion, the adoption of clean energy is deemed essential for sustainability, with recommendations for policy adoption and efficient equipment utilisation.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coconut-based agroecosystem for carbon sequestration 以椰子为基础的碳固存农业生态系统

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57046/hbkf7956

Osayomore Ekhorutomwen, Eluwan Inikio, O. Shittu

引用次数: 0

Bridging the science-society-policy interface for transformational knowledge translation in Africa 为非洲的变革性知识转化架起科学、社会和政策的桥梁

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57046/ulof3924

O. Adeyemo

{"title":"Bridging the science-society-policy interface for transformational knowledge translation in Africa","authors":"O. Adeyemo","doi":"10.57046/ulof3924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/ulof3924","url":null,"abstract":"Science generates solutions for the benefit of the society: creating new knowledge, improving education, and increasing the quality of lives. It is therefore important that African scientists focuses on generating inputs for policy and institutional innovations as well as technology-based innovations to catalyse, support, and accelerate systems and systemic transformations. Also, Government decisions and legislations should ideally be guided by latest scientific knowledge. However, science culture; how a society understands and uses scientific knowledge is still at its infancy in most part of Africa. A country’s science culture determines the scope of impact that the scientific enterprise can have in terms of improving lives and advancing development. A study in this edition titled “approaches to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of knowledge translation platforms in low- and middle-income Countries” reported that generally, translating knowledge from research to practice takes a very long time. To this end, science communities ought to commit to enhanced collaboration among different disciplines of sciences in particular social sciences, natural sciences, and health-related sciences. Also, public understanding and engagement with science, and citizen participation is essential for research evidence uptake. Scientists must endeavour to make their research relevant and comprehensible to society (citizens and policymakers).","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126578882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and assessment of a locally designed fish smoking kiln using insulating materials 采用绝缘材料的本地鱼烟窑的开发与评价

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57046/wmsq7197

S. Ogundana, Juneid Yahaya, Anthony Alonge, Wunmi Owa

引用次数: 0

Climate change, wildlife and fisheries: A review of impact on Nigeria’s food security 气候变化、野生动物和渔业:对尼日利亚粮食安全的影响综述

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57046/vzhe8024

M. Wahab, A. Iyiola

{"title":"Climate change, wildlife and fisheries: A review of impact on Nigeria’s food security","authors":"M. Wahab, A. Iyiola","doi":"10.57046/vzhe8024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/vzhe8024","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a global phenomenon that affects all facets of life. In Nigeria, the rate of industrialization and urbanization has increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the last decade. These changes are observable in temperatures and rainfall regimes which have affected food production in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Agriculture, which used to be the mainstay of the Nigerian economy, has reduced drastically and this may be caused by heat waves, irregular rainfall patterns, encroachment, and government policies leading to food shortage. The terrestrial environment has been faced with human and wildlife conflict issues on land usage and wildfires. Aquatic ecosystems are not left out of these effects as their surface area is shrinking and the water temperature has fluctuated irrationally thereby reducing aquatic biodiversity. The life processes in fish species and wildlife are impaired when the environmental conditions are unfavorable. In view of sustainability, economic, environmental and social strategies can be employed in the terrestrial environments. In the case of aquatic ecosystems, measures such as ecosystem approach to fisheries, forecasting of weather, good governance in fisheries related activities and reduction of conflicts between stakeholders in fisheries are suggested. To this end, this paper reviews the effects of climate change on both terrestrial (agricultural and wildlife) and aquatic ecosystems to eliminate hunger (Goal 2), preserving life underwater (Goal 14) and on land (Goal 15) through climate resilience (Goal 13) as elaborated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133032743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0