Climate change, wildlife and fisheries: A review of impact on Nigeria’s food security

Climate change is a global phenomenon that affects all facets of life. In Nigeria, the rate of industrialization and urbanization has increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the last decade. These changes are observable in temperatures and rainfall regimes which have affected food production in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Agriculture, which used to be the mainstay of the Nigerian economy, has reduced drastically and this may be caused by heat waves, irregular rainfall patterns, encroachment, and government policies leading to food shortage. The terrestrial environment has been faced with human and wildlife conflict issues on land usage and wildfires. Aquatic ecosystems are not left out of these effects as their surface area is shrinking and the water temperature has fluctuated irrationally thereby reducing aquatic biodiversity. The life processes in fish species and wildlife are impaired when the environmental conditions are unfavorable. In view of sustainability, economic, environmental and social strategies can be employed in the terrestrial environments. In the case of aquatic ecosystems, measures such as ecosystem approach to fisheries, forecasting of weather, good governance in fisheries related activities and reduction of conflicts between stakeholders in fisheries are suggested. To this end, this paper reviews the effects of climate change on both terrestrial (agricultural and wildlife) and aquatic ecosystems to eliminate hunger (Goal 2), preserving life underwater (Goal 14) and on land (Goal 15) through climate resilience (Goal 13) as elaborated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.