AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi最新文献

{"title":"Aktivitas Antimikroba Bakteri Endofit Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes","authors":"Riki Vernando, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Ambar Rialita","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20276","url":null,"abstract":" AbstrakTingginya angka kejadian jerawat dan meningkatnya resistensi terhadap antimikroba memerlukan alternatif pengobatan yang berasal dari bahan alam. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit tertentu memproduksi senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki efek bagi kesehatan, terutama bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari tumbuhan obat. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti untuk mengobati masalah kulit, menyembuhkan luka, serta menjadi agen antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram melalui pengukuran diameter zona hambat. Bakteri endofit yang didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ciri-ciri dari morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, dan aktivitas biokimia. Sembilan belas isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Propionibacterium acnes, ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat berdiameter antara 11,46–25,34 mm. Dua isolat yang memiliki kemampuan aktivitas antimikroba yang paling besar, yaitu isolat nomor 3 dan 17 dengan hasil identifikasi termasuk ke dalam genus Aeromicrobium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakteri endofit dari daun pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) berpotensi sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri P. acnes.AbstractThe high prevalence of acne cases and the increasing resistance to antimicrobials requires alternative treatments that originate from natural ingredients. Several studies have shown that certain endophytic bacteria produce bioactive compounds that benefits human health, especially those whom isolated from medicinal plants. Gotu kola or pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) is one of medicinal plant that has many benefits such as treating skin problems, healing wounds, and also known for an antibacterial agent. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic bacterial isolates of pegagan against Propionibacterium acnes. The antimicrobial activity test were carried out using the disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone within isolate. Endophytic bacteria obtained from previous studies were characterized based on the characteristics of colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical activity. 19 isolates of endophytic bacteria showed antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, indicated by the formation of inhibition zones ranging from 11.46 to 25.34 mm. Two isolates that had the greatest antibacterial activity, namely isolates number 3 and 17 were identified and belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that endophytic bacteria from pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) leaves has potential as an antibacterial agent against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83647709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimasi Proses Biodegumming Serat Rami (Boehmeria nivea) Menggunakan Bakteri Pektinolitik","authors":"M. Aziz, Fauziatul Fitriyah, P. Priyono, S. Siswanto","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20386","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakProses degumming serat rami umumnya dilakukan menggunakan senyawa alkali dalam jumlah besar, sehingga dihasilkan limbah berlebih dan berakibat pada pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, metode alternatif dengan memanfaatkan agensia hayati untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut penting untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan seleksi kandidat bacterial degumming dari kulit batang rami serta optimasi metode biodegumming menggunakan isolat bakteri pektinolitik. Bakteri pektinolitik diisolasi dari kulit batang  rami yang terkomposkan menggunakan media seleksi pektinase (PSAM). Isolat bakteri yang diperoleh kemudian digunakan sebagai agensia biodegumming menggunakan beberapa parameter optimasi meliputi pH (8,5 dan 9), suhu (25 °C dan 37,5 °C), jenis isolat (Pe-Ku 1, Pe-Ku 4, dan Pe-Ku 6) dan jumlah inokulum (1/50 mL, 2/50 mL, dan 3/50 mL). Setelah inkubasi selama 3 hari, serat rami dicuci kemudian ditimbang bobot kering untuk mengetahui penurunan bobotnya. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan two-way ANOVA dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa telah diperoleh 9 isolat bakteri pektinolitik sebagai agensia bacterial degumming. Berdasarkan optimasi metode biodegumming telah diperoleh kondisi optimum yaitu pada pH 8,5; suhu 37,5 °C; serta jumlah inokulum 3/50 mL dengan mengggunakan isolat Pe-Ku 6. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan penurunan bobot rami yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kombinasi perlakuan lain, yaitu sebesar 12,7%. Kata kunci: Bakteri degumming; Bakteri pektinolitik; Kulit batang rami; Serat rami AbstractThe degumming process of ramie fiber is generally carried out by using large amounts of alkaline compounds, causing excessive waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to develop alternative methods by utilizing biological agents to overcome these problems. This study aimed to select candidates for bacterial degumming from ramie bark and to optimize the biodegumming method using pectinolytic bacterial isolates. Pectinolytic bacteria were isolated from composted ramie bark using pectinase screening agar medium (PSAM). The bacterial isolates were then used as biodegumming agents using several optimization parameters, including pH (8.5 and 9.0), temperature (25 °C and 37.5 °C), type of isolate (Pe-Ku 1; Pe-Ku 4; and Pe- Ku 6) and the amount of inoculum (1/50 mL, 2/50 mL, and 3/50 mL). After incubation for three days, the ramie fiber was washed, and then measured the dry weight to determine the weight reduction. The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Duncan as the post hoc test. The results showed that nine isolates of pectinolytic bacteria were obtained as bacterial degumming agents. In addition, based on the optimization of the biodegumming method, the optimum conditions were obtained at pH 8.5, temperature 37.5 °C, and the amount of inoculum 3/50 mL using the Pe-Ku 6 isolate. That was indicated by the percentage of ramie weight loss, ","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85015390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assesmen Risiko Ekologi (ARE) Perikanan Tuna Pole and Line di Flores dan Tonda di Flores dan Pelabuhanratu","authors":"Yonvitner Yonvitner, Mennofatria Boer, Rahmat Kurnia, Destilawati Destilawati","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.14475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.14475","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakKegiatan perikanan tuna dengan penggunaan alat tangkap pole and line dan tonda berisiko menyebabkan kerentanan (risiko ekologi) yang dapat menganggu keberlanjutan stok tuna. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian menilai kerentanan menjadi parameter risiko ekologi menggunakan pendekatan analisis productivity dan susceptability analysis (PSA) pada jenis ikan tuna sirip kuning (ukuran baby tuna), tongkol, lemadang, dan cakalang. Pengumpulan data biologi dan ekologi dari alat tangkap pole and line dilakukan di Flores dan pancing tonda di Pelabuhanratu. Selanjutnya, analisis laboratorium dilakukan pada Laboratorium Biologi Perikanan, Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan IPB. Hasil analisis produktivitas dan susceptabilitas alat pole and line untuk ikan baby tuna 1,42 dan ikan tongkol 1,98. Nilai ini menunjukkan tingkat kerentanan dan risiko ekologi pada ikan tongkol tergolong tinggi dan ikan baby tuna masih rendah. Analisis PSA dari alat pancing tonda pada ikan baby tuna diperoleh sebesar 2,34; ikan lemadang sebesar 2,34; dan ikan cakalang 2,18. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa kerentanan tinggi dan risiko ekologi pada ketiga jenis ikan tersebut juga tinggi karena penggunaan pancing tonda. Penggunaan alat tangkap pole and line serta pancing tonda pada perikanan tuna menyebabkan tingginya risiko pada ikan tuna sirip kuning (ukuran baby tuna), lemadang, cakalang, dan tongkol. AbstractTuna fishery activities using pole and line fishing gear and tonda have the risk of causing vulnerability (ecological risk) which can disrupt the sustainability of tuna stocks. For this reason, a study was conducted to assess vulnerability which is a parameter of ecological risk using the productivity and susceptibility analysis (PSA) approach to the fish’s species are albacares (baby tuna), mackerel, lemadang, and skipjack. Biological and ecological data collection from pole and line fishing gear was carried out in Flores and trolling and tonda in Pelabuhanratu. Furthermore, laboratory analysis was carried out at the fisheries biology laboratory, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB. The results of productivity and susceptibility analysis of the pole and line for baby tuna and Euthynnus are 1.42 and 1.98.  This value shows the level of vulnerability where the ecological risk of tuna is high and baby tuna also low. The PSA analysis of the tonda for baby tuna was 2.34; lemadang was 2.34; and skipjack was 2.18. This value indicates that the high vulnerability and ecological risk of the three species of fish are also high due to the use of tonda. The use of pole and line fishing gear and tonda lines in tuna fisheries causes a high risk for albacares (baby tuna), mackerel, lemadang, and skipjack.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79640098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deteksi dan Kuantifikasi Cemaran Babi pada Sampel Olahan Daging Menggunakan Real-time PCR","authors":"Seagames Waluyo, Jekmal Malau, Muhareva Raekiansyah, Edwin Yulian, Imam Hardiman","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20203","url":null,"abstract":" AbstrakMetode pengujian cemaran babi menjadi faktor penting dalam sertifikasi produk halal. Metode yang cepat dan robust diperlukan untuk deteksi dan kuantifikasi cemaran babi. Metode Real-time PCR atau dikenal dengan istilah quantitative PCR (qPCR) merupakan metode alternatif untuk deteksi dan kuantifikasi cemaran babi berdasarkan residu keberadaan DNAnya pada sampel olahan pangan. Metode ekstraksi DNA dan kit amplifikasi yang tahan terhadap inhibitor menjadi kunci keberhasilan penggunaan qPCR untuk pendeteksian dan kuantifikasi cemaran babi. Pendeteksian cemaran DNA dengan probe qPCR digunakan karena mempunyai kelebihan tahan terhadap inhibitor, cepat, spesifik, dan multipel target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan menguantifikasi cemaran DNA babi menggunakan metode ekstraksi DNA secara cepat dan qPCR. Tahapan penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi, deteksi, dan kuantifikasi DNA babi. Sampel berasal dari produk olahan pangan, seperti bakso, sosis, daging burger, siomay, kuah daging, dan daging isi roti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat cemaran babi pada sampel bakso, daging burger, dan kuah bakso. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bakso memiliki persentase kontaminasi sejumlah 25%, sedangkan kuah daging sejumlah 12,5%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan untuk laboratorium penguji makanan sebagai metode deteksi cemaran babi dalam produk pangan secara cepat dan akurat.AbstractPork contamination testing method is an important factor in halal product certification. A fast and robust method is needed for the detection and quantification of pig contamination. Real-time PCR method or commonly known as quantitative PCR (qPCR) is an alternative method for the detection and quantification of pork contamination based on the pig’s DNA residual presence in processed food samples. DNA extraction method and inhibitor-resistant amplification kit are the keys of successful qPCR implementation for the detection and quantification of pig contamination. Detection of DNA contamination with qPCR probe is used because it has some advantages, such as resistant to inhibitors, fast, specific, and multiple targets. This research aimed to detect and quantify pig’s DNA contamination using rapid DNA extraction method and qPCR. The stages of this research were pig’s DNA extraction, amplification, detection, and quantification. The samples taken from processed food products, such as meatballs, sausage, burgers’ meat, dumplings, meat broth, and meat filled in the bread. The results showed that there was pork contamination in the samples of meatballs, burgers’ meat, and meat broth. The results showed that the meatballs had a contamination percentage of 25%, while the meat broth had a contamination percentage of 12.5%. The results of this study can be a recommendation for food testing laboratories as a method of detecting the pork contamination in food products quickly and accurately.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78466024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics of Damselfly Agriocnemis femina (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Inhabited Polluted Area In Padang, West Sumatra","authors":"M. Janra, H. Herwina","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.19995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.19995","url":null,"abstract":" AbstractAgriocnemis femina known as variable wisp or pinhead wisp, is a damselfly from family Coenagrionidae which inhabits various aquatic habitats, including those affected by human. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of variable wisp in polluted habitat. The tenerals, immature males, adult females and adult males of this damselfly were regularly counted from August 2018 until May 2019 at a 50 m ditch in a clustered settlement in Padang, West Sumatra. It was found that the ratio of teneral, immature male, adult female, and adult male was 1:3:2.4:13.3, implying that the population was dominated by males. Meanwhile, the ratio between female to male (which included the immature males) was 1:6.7. Comparing to the result of counting another population from a relatively clean area, variable wisp showed more dominance in polluted area rather than in clean waterbody. The presence of teneral also indicates that damselfly uses polluted ditch for its breeding site and habitat. The paper discussed the potential causes for damselfly's presence in polluted area, and therefore serves as baseline for future studies.AbstrakAgriocnemis femina, atau dikenal juga dengan nama capung-jarum centil, termasuk ke dalam keluarga Coenagrionidae yang menghuni beragam habitat perairan, termasuk yang telah mendapatkan pengaruh dari manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika capung-jarum centil pada habitat yang terpolusi di Kota Padang. Individu teneral, jantan muda, betina dewasa, dan jantan dewasa dari capung-jarum ini dihitung secara rutin dari Agustus 2018 sampai dengan Mei 2019 pada selokan sepanjang 50 m di sebuah kompleks perumahan di Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat. Rasio teneral jantan muda, betina dewasa, dan jantan dewasa yang ditemukan adalah 1:3:2,4:13,3, mengisyarakatkan bahwa individu jantan merupakan bagian yang dominan di dalam populasi capung-jarum ini. Sementara rasio antara betina dan jantan (termasuk jantan muda) adalah 1:6,7. Jika dibandingkan dengan hasil penghitungan jenis serupa yang dilakukan pada kawasan perairan yang lebih bersih, terlihat bahwa capung-jarum centil lebih dominan pada kawasan perairan yang mengalami polusi dibandingkan dengan yang bersih. Keberadaan individu teneral juga mengindikasikan bahwa capung-jarum ini berbiak pada selokan yang terpolusi tersebut, yang mungkin juga menjadi habitatnyat. Hal-hal yang menyebabkan capung-jarum ini dapat hidup pada kawasan yang terpolusi dibahas lebih lanjut di dalam paper ini.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74956301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keanekaragaman Jamur Makro dan Potensinya di Kampung Citlahab, Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak","authors":"Ahmad Habib Nur Fikri, Caroline Humaira Rifalina Rosyid, Ratna Zahara Mahajarifar, Fia Fadlun, Noverita Noverita","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20482","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakKampung Citalahab termasuk dalam Kawasan Pusat Penelitian Cikaniki yang terletak di wilayah TNGHS dengan kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya jamur makro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan data keanekaragaman jenis jamur makro di Kampung Citalahab, Kawasan Pusat Penelitian Cikaniki, TNGHS serta untuk mengetahui potensinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode searching per plot di tiga jalur yaitu jalur aliran sungai, jalur hutan, dan jalur pekarangan desa serta dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan sampel gambar menggunakan kamera, pengukuran faktor lingkungan, dan identifikasi sampel. Jamur yang ditemukan sebanyak 614 individu dari 43 jenis yang berbeda. Tingkat keanekaragaman jenis di tiga jalur tergolong rendah sampai sedang, dengan indeks kesamaan tertinggi yaitu 37,21%. Jamur makro yang sering ditemui adalah Microporus xanthopus, Microporus affinis, Xylaria longipes,  dan Auricularia auricula. Beberapa genus jamur seperti Auricularia dan Schizophyllum yang ditemukan di Kampung Citalahab berpotensi sebagai bahan pangan. Sedangkan genus jamur Ganoderma, Xylaria, Microporus, Daldinea, dan Trametes berpotensi sebagai bahan obat-obatan. Masyarakat di Kampung Citalahab belum sepenuhnya memanfaatkan jamur yang tersedia di sana akibat minimnya informasi yang didapatkan oleh masyarakat setempat. AbstractCitalahab's village is one of the Cikaniki Research Station Centers located in the TNGHS area with a considerable wealth of biodiversity, one of which is the macro fungi. Research are conducted with the aim of obtaining data for diversity in the macro types of fungi in the village of Citalahab, the Cikaniki Research Station Center, TNGHS and to discover their potential. The method used in research is the searching per plot on 3 locations of streams, forest trails, and rural garden paths and followed by camera sampling, measuring environmental factors, and sample identification. The fungi found as many as 614 individuals from 43 different kinds. The level of variability in all three pathways is low to moderate, with the highest similarity index being 37,21%. The oft identified macro fungus is Microporus xanthopus, Microporus affinis, Xxylaria longipes, and Auricularia auricula. Some genus of fungi such as Auricularia and Schzophyllum found in the Citalahab village are potential food. While the genus fungi of Ganoderma, Xylaria, Microporus, Daldinea, and Trametes are potentially pharmaceuticals. The people of the Citalahab village have not fully benefited from the local people's lack of information available there.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80074373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptabilitas dan Stabilitas Hasil Empat Belas Genotip Padi Gogo Pada Tujuh Lokasi Menggunakan AMMI","authors":"Eko Binnaryo Mei Adi, Heru Wibowo, S. Indrayani, Y. Sulistiyowati, Yuliana Galih Dyan Anggraheni, Ambar Yuswi Perdani, Fiqolbi Nuro, Y. B. Paradisa, Puspita Deswina, E. S. Mulyaningsih, Dody Priadi","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.22953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.22953","url":null,"abstract":" AbstrakPengujian stabilitas genotip merupakan hal yang penting dalam perakitan varietas padi gogo. Metode pengujian yang sering dilakukan menggunakan analisis ANOVA gabungan yang harus memenuhi normalitas data dan homogenitas ragam. Terkadang data yang diperoleh tidak dapat memenuhi asumsi, sehingga diperlukan analisis alternatif menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu Additive Main Effect and Main Interaction (AMMI). Penelitian menggunakan empat belas genotip padi gogo pada tujuh lokasi, dengan rancangan percobaan rancangan acak kelompok. Hasil analisis AMMI1 menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan tujuh genotip dengan nilai rerata produksi di atas rata-rata umum yaitu G29, G31, G33, G34, G35, G37, dan G42 (Inpago 9). Inpago 9 sebagai genotip dengan rata-rata produksi tertinggi di seluruh lokasi. Hasil analisis AMMI2 didapatkan genotip dengan kemampuan adaptasi spesifik lokasi dan beradaptasi pada seluruh lokasi. Dua genotip beradaptasi baik di lokasi Probolinggo yaitu G39 dan G40, sedangkan G29 dan G41 di lokasi Sukadana. Sementara genotip stabil didapatkan tiga genotip yaitu G31, G34, dan G36, namun genotip G36 termasuk genotip dengan produktivitas dibawah rerata genotip pada seluruh lokasi.AbstractGenotype stability is an important factor for varieties development in upland rice. The method for testing stability trial using combine ANOVA with several requirements such as the normality and homogeneity of variance of the data. Sometime to satisfy the assumptions from the acquiring data was not match, so that needed the alternate analysis using qualitative method for stability genotype testing. One of the method is Additive Main Effect and Main Interaction (AMMI). The research was used fourteen upland genotype and seven locations. The result for AMMI1 showed that seven genotype which is have average above the general average are G29, G31, G33, G34, G35, G37, and G42 (Inpago 9). The highest production is achieving by Inpago 9 varieties. While in AMMI2 have two different result. The first result is genotype with specific adaptation and genotype with has general adaptability. Genotype with specific adaptation are G39 and G40 in Probolinggo while G29 and G41 in Sukadana. The second result was genotype with general adaptability or have a good stability are G31, G34, and G36, but for genotype G36 has a poor productivity because the average is below the general average. The result from stability analysis in AMMI2 biplot showed the stability of G31 and G34 has a good stability and higher yield above the average of genotype in all location.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uji Efektivitas Gel Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) Sebagai Antimikroba","authors":"Silvani Permatasari, Dewi Klarita Furtuna, Astrid Teresa, Syarpin Syarpin, Widya Krestina","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.22831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.22831","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakHand sanitizer merupakan salah satu bahan antiseptik yang yang praktis agar tubuh terhindar dari penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme. Hand sanitizer berbasis alkohol digunakan berlebihan dan terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan iritasi pada kulit. Kandungan yang terdapat dalam bahan alami sebagai alternatif pengganti alkohol antara lain flavonoid dan terpenoid yang terdapat di daun sembung (Blumea balsamifera). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas gel hand sanitizer dari ekstrak daun sembung pada berbagai konsentrasi. Serbuk daun sembung diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, kemudian dibuat gel dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% ditambah carbopol 940, TEA, serta metil paraben. Sediaan gel hand sanitizer dievaluasi melalui uji organoleptis, pH, dan homogenitas selama 4 minggu. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengujian daya antiseptik dan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans. Sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak daun sembung memiliki konsistensi kental, warna hijau kehitaman, aroma khas daun sembung, homogenitas baik, dan nilai pH 6. Sediaan ini juga memiliki daya antiseptik yang baik mampu mengurangi jumlah koloni hingga 95% sama dengan sediaan gel berbasis etanol. Sediaan gel konsentrasi 20% memiliki zona hambat yang sangat kuat terhadap S. aureus dan C. albicans, serta kuat melawan E. coli. Gel hand sanitizer ekstrak Blumea balsamifera menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba dan dapat digunakan menjadi kandidat agen antimikroba organik alami.Kata kunci: Antimikroba; Antiseptik; Ekstrak Blumea balsamifera; Hand sanitizer  AbstractHand sanitizer is one of antiseptic so that our body avoids diseases caused by microorganism. Hand sanitizer based on ethanol using continuously can cause skin irritation. The secunder metabolit contained in herbal as an alternative to hand sanitizer based ethanol contained flavonoid and terpenoid, are found in sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera). The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of hand sanitizer gel from sembung leaf extract at various concentrations. Sembung leaf was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol, and then gel was made with concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% plus carbopol 940, TEA, methyl paraben. The hand sanitizer gel preparation was evaluated through organoleptic, pH, and homogeneity tests for 4 weeks. After that, antiseptic activity and antimicrobial activity were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The hand sanitizer gel preparation of sembung leaf extract has a thick consistency, blackish green color, a distinctive aroma of sembung leaves, good homogeneity, and a pH value of 6. The gel with a concentration of 20% had a very strong zone of inhibition against S. aureus and C. albicans, also strong against E. coli. Blumea balsamifera extract hand sanitizer gel exhibits antimicrobial activity and can be used as a candidate natural organic antimicrobial age","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75655020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karakteristik Abon Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma","authors":"Nadhilah Sabila Ghaisani, Etyn Yunita, Dewi Elfidasari, Bimo Saputro, I. Sugoro","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.17006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.17006","url":null,"abstract":" AbstrakIkan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) memiliki potensi dijadikan bahan pangan alternatif karena ketersediaannya melimpah di Indonesia. Daging ikan sapu-sapu dapat dijadikan abon yang harus sesuai dengan SNI. Pengolahan abon menggunakan minyak menyebabkan abon mudah mengalami kerusakan sehingga diperlukan metode untuk memperpanjang masa simpan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik abon ikan sapu-sapu hasil radiasi gamma berdasarkan analisis proksimat, jumlah mikroba, kapang, dan organoleptik melalui uji hedonik. Daging ikan sapu-sapu diolah menjadi abon lalu diiradiasi dosis 0, 5, 10, dan 15 kGy kemudian disimpan selama 30 hari pada suhu ruang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi sinar gamma mampu memperpanjang masa simpan abon ikan sapu-sapu selama 30 hari. Nilai gizi protein, lemak, dan jumlah mikroba abon ikan sapu-sapu yang diiradiasi sinar gamma memenuhi syarat ketetapan abon ikan sesuai dengan SNI 01–3707 tahun 1995, kecuali untuk nilai kadar air dan kadar abu abon. Iradiasi sinar gamma mampu menekan pertumbuhan mikroba dengan dosis terbaik 15 kGy. Dosis 15 kGy merupakan dosis yang paling diterima pada parameter rasa diuji organoleptik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan abon ikan sapu-sapu dengan syarat mutu abon ikan berdasarkan SNI, menentukan dosis iradiasi dalam pengawetan abon ikan sapu-sapu dan mengetahui minat konsumen terhadap abon ikan sapu-sapu.AbstractArmored catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) has potential to be used as alternative foodstuffs because its abundant in Indonesia. Armored catfish meat can be processed into shredded in accordance with provisions SNI value so it can be consumed. Shredded cooked processed used oil that will causes stale easily, there must be a method that can extend the shelf life of shredded. The purpose of this research was to determine the characteristics of shredded fish from gamma radiation based on proximate analysis, the number of microbes, molds, and organoleptics through hedonic tests. Armored catfish meat is processed into shredded and irradiated in doses 0, 5, 10, and 15 kGy and then stored for 30 days. The parameters measured were water content, ash content, protein, fat, microbial count, mold and organoleptic test. The results showed that gamma ray irradiation was able to extend the shelf life of the shredded fish for 30 days. The nutritional value of protein, fat and the number of microbial armored catfish shredded irradiated by gamma rays meet the requirements of the nutritional of shredded fish in accordance with SNI 01–3707 of 1995, except for ash content and water content. Gamma ray irradiation can reduce microbial growth with the best dose 15 kGy. Dose 15 kGy was a significant dose of the taste parameters in the organoleptic test. This research was conducted to determine the feasibility of shredded fish with SNI requirements, to determine the dose of irradiation in preserving shredded fish and to determine consumer interest in sh","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90948248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keanekaragaman Amfibi Ordo Anura Pada Berbagai Habitat di Wilayah Gunung Sawal Ciamis","authors":"Muhammad Nizar Maulana, Diana Hernawati, D. M. Chaidir","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.23067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.23067","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakAnura merupakan salah satu ordo pada kelas amfibi yang sangat peka terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan hidup di berbagai spesies habitat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman anura pada mikrohabitat berbeda di wilayah Gunung Sawal. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksploratif menggunakan Visual Encounter Survey (VES), yaitu berdasarkan perjumpaan amfibi kemudian mengidentifikasi spesies dan mikrohabitat anura yang ditemukan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan enam famili di antaranya Bufonidae, Ranidae, Microhylidae, Dicroglossidae, Megophrydae, dan Rhacophoridae, serta ditemukan 17 spesies dari enam famili tersebut. Dengan jumlah individu keseluruhan yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Chalcorana chalconota dan individu paling sedikit ditemukan yaitu Indosylvirana nicobariensis. Penemuan spesies anura tertinggi ditemukan pada mikrohabitat terestrial, sedangkan habitat yang paling sedikit ditemukan pada berbagai spesies anura adalah habitat fussorial. Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon, semua lokasi penelitian memiliki kategori sedang, sedangkan indeks kemerataan eveness berada dalam kategori stabil.AbstractAnura is one of the orders in the class of amphibians that is very sensitive to environmental conditions and lives in various habitat species. The purpose of this research is to find out the diversity of anura in different microhabitats in the region of Mount Sawal. The research method was conducted by exploratory method using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES), which is based on amphibious encounters and then identifies the species and microhabitats of anura found. Based on the results of the study found six families including Bufonidae, Ranidae, Microhylidae, Dicroglossidae, Megophrydae, and Rhacophoridae, and found 17 species of the six   families. With the most overall number of individuals found is Chalcorana chalconota and the least found individual is Indosylvirana nicobariensis. The highest anura species found in terrestrial microhabitats, while the least habitat found in various anura species is fussorial habitat. Based on Shannon's diversity index values, all research locations had moderate categories, while the Eveness index was in the stable category.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75100221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}