Perspectives on Federalism最新文献

{"title":"Gas Crisis as a Precursor of European Recession","authors":"N. V. Bahtizina, P. M. Shpak, B. Khabriev","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-4-107-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-4-107-122","url":null,"abstract":"The reasons for the gas crisis in the European Union, which began in 2021, were the instability of renewable energy, the redirection of LNG to the premium Asian market, anti-Russian sanctions, and a decrease in gas imports from Russia. Despite the measures taken by the EU authorities (energy conservation, diversification of gas supplies and energy sources, financial support for the householders and businesses), the gas crisis will worsen in 2023. The gas crisis, superimposed on the mistakes of the monetary policy of the European authorities, accelerates inflation, intensifying structural imbalances in the EU economy and bringing recession closer. The symptoms of a recession can already be observed with the help of key indicators, which include indexes of industrial production and Manufacturing PMI, trade balance, inflation, unemployment rate, retail sales and GDP. The economic downturn in the European Union will negatively affect the dynamics of production in the largest trading partners (China, the US and the UK) and may trigger a recession in the global economy.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82015014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Legislation in the Field of Intellectual Property in Modern Conditions","authors":"M. V. Gligich-Zolotareva, D. Overchuk","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-4-168-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-4-168-186","url":null,"abstract":"Russia is a subject of international intellectual property rights protection. It is a territory of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity established by international treaties and federal laws are valid. However after beginning of a special military operation and sanctions pressure, the question about correction of the Russian system of intellectual property rights protection in relation to unfriendly countries has become more relevant. Сonsolidation of national security and increasing the country’s technological independence are not always compatible with the principles of protecting the rights of foreign copyright holders that remain in Russian legislation. The state protects domestic producers from foreign copyright holders, and legalizes parallel import. But these mechanisms do not work in full force due to the fact that Russian courts actually continue to protect the right of unfriendly countries to intellectual property in equal volume with Russian copyright holders. This article proposes to consider some measures to protect the rights and interests of the Russian Federation, its citizens and entrepreneurs, including the revision of Russia’s international obligations in the field of intellectual property and the formation of new law enforcement and judicial practice. Also the process of sovereignization of the Russian model of intellectual property rights protection we can see the development of modern technologies with affects of creating the results of intellectual activity and the methods of legal protection of its results. Thus, the achievement of the goals of state policy in the field of intellectual property is also possible by introducing new digital technologies into the state regulation of intellectual property at the federal and regional levels.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89703904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of National Interests in the Transport Sphere for Russia's National Security","authors":"Madina O. Turaeva, I. Gorokhova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-125-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-125-138","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to analyze the legal provision of the state of national security in the sphere of transport in the Russian Federation from the point of view of covering national interests, challenges and threats. The authors show that the transport and logistics interests of the Russian Federation internationally have not always been reflected in full and in accordance with national interests in sectoral strategic planning documents. The importance of the new Maritime Doctrine adopted in July 2022, which sets priorities for the development of maritime activities over the next few years, including in the transport direction, is highlighted. Using statistical data on the state of Russia's transport sector, the authors examine what changes have taken place due to the COVID-19 restrictions and the latest geopolitical challenges. It is emphasized, that the implementation of the objectives of the Transport Strategy-2021 in the short term will proceed with negative dynamics.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86818755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of Sustainable Clustering of Russian Regions by Employment","authors":"I. Gavrilenko","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-160-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-160-177","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the imbalance in the labor market of the Russian Federation cannot be solved without leveling the heterogeneity of its regions by socio-economic and demographic characteristics, since the labor market is a dynamic complex system that is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the economic, demographic situation, quality of education, interests of market participants, technological progress and digitalization, psychological aspects, etc. The article discusses the application of cluster and discriminant analysis methods on socio-economic data, highlights the regional features of the labor market in Russia. Cluster analysis was carried out using traditional hierarchical and iterative methods: the “Nearest Neighbor” method, the “Far Neighbor” method, the “Ward” method and the k-means method, as well as the fanny fuzzy clustering method. The results obtained by these five methods were evaluated for consistency. The conducted discriminant analysis allowed us to obtain a stable cluster structure in terms of the number of employed people by type of economic activity, dividing the regions of Russia into four main groups characterized by positive, average, neutral and negative behavior. Thanks to the construction of profiles of the obtained clusters, poorly informative types of economic activity were identified, employment in which has little effect on the division of regions into groups. The article evaluates the errors of cluster analysis methods for the final stable clustering. The regions with high and low levels of employment are analyzed, atypical subjects of the Russian Federation are identified and their industry specialization is considered. A comparative analysis of the formed groups and atypical regions was carried out, regions that can be conditionally assigned to any cluster were identified. The final typologization of the regions of Russia by the number of employed by type of economic activity has been developed taking into account territorial, social, sectoral and climatic features.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89752448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the CSTO in Promotion of Collective Security","authors":"G. I. Chufrin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-77-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-77-88","url":null,"abstract":"This article presented to the attention of readers is dedicated to the analysis of history, present condition and development prospects of inter-state relations on national and regional security between former Soviet republics, now new sovereign Eurasian states, as well as to the examination of organization forms of such relations. Having formulated basic principles of cooperation on these issues and underlying the need of collective and coordinated activities against threats to their security and stability in new geopolitical realities stipulated by the collapse of the USSR nine post-Soviet states concluded the Collective Security Treaty which came into force in 1994. Five years later, in April 1999, presidents of six these countries, namely Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan, signed the protocol on prolongation of the Collective Security Treaty for the next five years while Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to extend their membership in the Treaty and left it. It happened since due to a number of various domestic and external reasons the formation of national statehood of new sovereign states began to differ substantially from each other as to their strategic goals, aspirations and orientations which subsequently caused serious changes in their approaches to building relations with their foreign partners in bilateral and multilateral forms. In this connection in May 2002 those countries that retained their membership in the Collective Security Treaty decided to reorganize it into a new alliance with a higher degree of integration of its members in order to increase its role in promoting national and regional security – the Collective Security Treaty Organization. The present article examines basic events connected with the Collective Security Treaty Organization formation over the next 20 years, evolution of its goals and tasks, as well as requirements of making concrete directions of its activities more precise because of fundamental changes in the international environment. In the course of the undertaken analysis most important achievements of the Collective Security Treaty Organization during these years were singled out as well as concrete shortcomings in its activities were noted. Also, alternative variants of further development of this international security organization including those that may exceed the post-Soviet space were mentioned.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82816520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamics of Regional Economic Growth and the Priorities of US Regional Economic Policy","authors":"V. Minat","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-139-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-139-159","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulation of the pace and formation of the structure of regional economic growth is invariably one of the fundamental goals of the regional economic policy pursued by the subjects of the federal state. In the context of the cyclical development of regional economic systems and the beginning of the regionalization of the economy of the world leader – the United States of America - the problem of spatial and temporal differentiation of the choice of priorities to stimulate regional economic growth is becoming more urgent. Using the methods of regression modeling and economic statistics, an analysis was made of the influence of the main instruments of regional economic policy on the dynamics of regional economic growth over a long period of time 1961–2020 and forecast up to 2030. The obtained results revealed spatial asymmetries in the combination of the use of fiscal instruments and structural investment measures to regulate economic growth, associated with the level of development of subregions and individual states of the country. The transfer of the investment burden to stimulate regional economic growth in times of crisis to the end consumer is noted. The article substantiates the increasing role of such an instrument of regional policy as the selective regulation of aggregate regional export in the long term, indicating the transition from globalization to regionalization of the development of the economic systems of the states and largest municipalities of the United States to maintain the pace of regional economic growth while changing its structure.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83180843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sanctions and Prospects for Bugetary and Tax Policy in Russia","authors":"I. S. Bukina","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-109-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-109-124","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the Russia fiscal policy in 2022 is taking place in the context of severe external sanctions, including the freezing of government foreign assets. As theoretical models say an increase in government spending stimulates output growth but household consumption reduces. At the same time, empirical studies of the impact of sanctions show that losses from the simultaneous application of financial sanctions, asset freezing and trade restrictions could amount to 4.0-5.0% of GDP. The state of the federal budget in the first half of 2022 remained stable due to the growth in oil prices. The growth of additional oil and gas revenues of the federal budget covered the increased non-oil and gas deficit. External sanctions and retaliatory measures from the monetary and financial authorities had a critical impact on the state of the domestic government debt market. The return to early 2022 levels came amid falling trading volumes, with no new government bond issues between late February and August 2022.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88320658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Differentiation of Agriculture in Russia and Modern Agrarian Policy","authors":"A. Petrikov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-89-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-89-108","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the regional peculiarities of agriculture is a key factor in its effectiveness. This is especially important in Russia, a country with a federal structure of the state, whose regions are distinguished by a wide variety of conditions for agricultural activity. The article discusses the main regional aspects of the modern agrarian economy of Russia: significant differentiation of the growth rates of the industry in 1990–2020; shifts in the territorial distribution of production of the main types of products; risks of formation of a single agro-food market. The influence of agrarian policy on these processes, and in particular, the policy of state support of agriculture, is shown; the main measures for its improvement are discussed (agricultural zoning of the country and the preparation of a scheme for the placement of productive forces of agriculture and processing industry, strengthening the role of the federal center in subsidizing agricultural producers, and more).","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88337782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Balance in the Process of Resource Development of the Arctic","authors":"N. Stepanov, E. A. Sokolovkaya","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-58-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-58-76","url":null,"abstract":"One of the priorities of Russia's regional policy is the further development and development of Arctic territories and water areas. Currently, economic reformatting has become extremely dynamic. That is why the solution of the problem of ecological balance in the process of resource development of the Arctic is particularly relevant. No one doubts that the development of the Arctic zone for the successful development of Arctic hydrocarbon reserves is associated with the solution of a number of serious tasks that ensure the protection of national interests, infrastructure development and solutions to environmental problems. The article deals with the problems of sustainable development of the region, the possibilities of institutional mechanisms of interaction between the countries of the Arctic Council, the environmental protection effect of environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78318568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tax Revenues of Regional Budgets Under Sanctions Pressure","authors":"L. Lykova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-43-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-43-57","url":null,"abstract":"The first half of 2022 was marked by a radical change in the geopolitical situation and an increase in sanctions pressure on the domestic economy. The breakdown of the established model of economic relations, the rupture of economic chains had a pronounced effect on the dynamics of industrial production. At the same time, the tax revenues of the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation have increased significantly and have not yet responded to the reduction in industrial production. Of the regions with a significant share of tax revenues from industry in the structure of consolidated budget revenues, only six had a reduction in income tax receipts, and this took place both against the background of a reduction in industrial production indices and against the background of their growth. According to the results of the first half of the year, there is no connection between the dynamics of industrial production and the receipts of corporate income tax and personal income tax to the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. In a number of regions, wholesale and retail trade plays a significant role in maintaining the receipts of these taxes to the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the pronounced lag in the growth of personal income tax receipts from the rate of inflation, which occurs with an increase in average accrued wages and a drop in real incomes of the population, may indicate the accumulation of hidden employment problems in a number of regions.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89693680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}