Perspectives on Federalism最新文献

{"title":"“THE GORBACHEV PHENOMENON”: THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE NEW POLITICAL ECONOMY","authors":"P. Orekhovsky","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-5-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-5-22","url":null,"abstract":"The tools of the new political economy are rarely used in the analysis of the problems of the Soviet economy. A homogeneous society without class contradictions, with a quota socialist electoral system, and the absolute dominance of one ruling party formally contradicts the basic premises of this toolkit. At present time most researchers agree, that Soviet society was heterogeneous (some scientists even attribute class contradictions to it), but do not go any further. This progress is contradicted by the idea of the USSR as an ideocratic state, based on the civil religion of Marxism-Leninism. But the latter explains the stability of the political regime, not its collapse. The new political economy makes it possible to notice that the USSR was a formal confederation, which became a reality when party influence was neutralized, as well as a corporate state, within which there was a sharp political struggle for resources. These relations were masked by the myth of public property, which was socialist state property. As it seemed to Soviet theoreticians, a single national economic complex was indivisible. The rupture of economic ties was not beneficial to both enterprises and national elites. Nevertheless, the Soviet conditions made the orientation towards obtaining the maximum of centralized investments with the subsequent withdrawal of the republic from the single economic space quite rational. Institutional conditions, within which the institutions that protect the state from disintegration are neutralized, are periodically encountered in situations of power transit. The «Gorbachev Phenomenon» is a situation in which there is a paralysis of power associated with sharp contradictions within the ruling coalition. In such a situation, the private interests of small groups become politically legitimate, and it is almost impossible to stop the collapse of the state.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77501100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to the Creation of a Comprehensive Typology for the Monitoring System of Socio-Economic Development of Municipalities of the Russian Federation","authors":"R. Babkin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-23-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-23-42","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes approaches to the typologization of municipalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of objective indicators in the framework of one of the urgent tasks of the state policy of spatial development on the introduction of a system for monitoring socio-economic development at the municipal level. The analysis of many parameters of socio-economic development of municipalities allowed us to identify 9 most acceptable typologies for the development of this kind: specialization of the economy, socio-economic risks, geo-economic situation, agglomeration situation, population, urbanization, status and settlement role, climatic conditions, area. In the article in the case of regions located in different parts of the country: Kursk, Kaliningrad and Irkutsk regions. In the article shows that the selected indicators reflect various aspects of the economic, social and geographical location of the municipality and allow us to develop a stable typology of municipalities taking into account differences in their level of economic development, demographic potential and geographical location features and can be presented in the form of matrices with letter encodings. The obtained typological matrices in the future, depending on the combination of letter encodings, will become the basis for a comprehensive typology of municipalities.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84041723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development Trends of Regional Economies in Russia","authors":"S. Valentey, A. Bakhtizin, S. Borisova, A. V. Kol’chugina, L. N. Lykov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-177-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-177-221","url":null,"abstract":"The expert community  is actively working to determine the depth of the consequences for the domestic economy of large-scale sanctions pressure. One of the directions of such an analysis is the assessment of the situation in the social sphere and in the real sector of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian  Federation.  It is obvious that the differences in the levels of development  of regional economies; varying degrees of depth of their immersion  in world economic relations; the volume of regional budget revenues received from the activities of foreign companies located on their territory and other factors will predetermine the amount of damage inflicted on Russian  regions. To minimize  its magnitude  and, most importantly, to develop  a viable  strategy for overcoming  the crisis,  it is not enough  to fix the scale of losses. An effective  strategy requires foresight,  and  it is impossible without  understanding the nature and direction of trends in the development  of regional economies, at least in the medium term. This article proposes one of the possible options for the methodology to answer these questions. The authors believe the approach is quite correct, because the trends in the development of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were studied based on an analysis of the situation that took place during the pandemic.  The first version of the methodology  was tested in 2021 and presented in issue 4 of the journal Federalism. Below  is a refined version of the methodology, the use of which  gave more reliable results.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82546457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Measures to Ensure Sovereignty the Russian Legal System","authors":"M. V. Gligich-Zolotareva","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-143-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-143-158","url":null,"abstract":"Today  we can observe a number  of fundamental changes in the interstate sphere. There  is the systemic crisis of international  law.  We  also can see the attempts to replace it with the American  concept  of a “rules-based  world  order”. In response to the  unfriendly  actions of Western  countries, Russia  has taken  a number  of measures in various fields, such as a diplomatic, economic, financial,  trade, educational, etc.  Russia’s  withdrawal from  some international  organizations  unfriendly  to  our  country  has  begun.  At  the  same  time, the legislation of the Russian Federation has accumulated a significant number of acts ratifying international  treaties (agreements) which are currently irrelevant or do not correspond to the interests of the Russian Federation, limiting its sovereignty in modern conditions. Considering the obviously  unfriendly  nature  of the activities of a number  of states, Russia  need for an inventory  and revision of it. In addition, Russia  is a member  of a number  of international organizations leading an anti-Russian policy. It makes  necessary to audit the expediency  of the country’s participation  in their activities.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72495919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reforming the Institutional Space for The Development of Municipalities","authors":"A. Odintsova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-82-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-82-97","url":null,"abstract":"Local self-government is the most important component in the system of federative relations. The  general indicators of the country’s socio-economic development  largely depend  on the chosen model of local self-government, the mechanisms  of relations between municipalities, both  with  regional  and  federal  public  authorities.  The  recent  changes  in  the  Russian Federation at the level of constitutional  and legal regulation have changed the institutional field  of municipal  development.  These  changes  were  followed  by the development  of two important bills: the Draft Federal Law  «On Urban Agglomerations» prepared by the Ministry of  Economic  Development,  and  the  Draft  Federal  Law   «On  the  General  Principles  of Organizing Local  Self-Government in a Unified System  of Public Power», the analysis  of which  is the focus of the article.  Based  on the study  of world  experience, it is concluded that  the transformations  of the institutional  space of local self-government and  municipal development taking place in Russia, in general, correspond to global trends in spatial development.  Particular  attention  is paid to urban  agglomerations as, on the one hand, a modern  form  of spatial  organization;  and, on the  other hand, a form  of inter-municipal cooperation.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85152671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential to Promote the Initiative “One Belt – One Way” in Russia","authors":"W. Xing, E. Sibirskaya, L. Oveshnikova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-98-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-98-121","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there is a fairly  good level of cooperation  and  interaction  in various  spheres and on various issues between  Russia and China.  To a greater extent, this applies to trade and economic, military-political, cultural and educational  partnerships. There are quite a lot of factors contributing to this trend, but the key ones are: the presence of a high level of military-political, economic and socio-social sovereignty, as well as stability in both countries; a good level of diplomatic missions; the range of problems and dangers of the external environment are mutually  mediated  and identical  for both Russia and China;  the foreign policy courses of the countries  have  many  points of contact  in terms of vision  of global transformations and  transformations   of  the  world  market,  and  their  common  vectors  and  promising trends coincide; there are many  mutually  beneficial  projects in the field of economics, the implementation of which  depends on the level of achievement  of strategic the goals of both Russia and China both in the medium  and long term. It is important to emphasize that these trends  have  intensified, strengthened  and  acquired  a special conceptual  meaning  against the background  of heightened  military  and  political tensions in the world, the application of large-scale sectoral sanctions against Russia  by many  countries of the world, mostly by the  United  States  and  European  countries, the  strengthening  of diplomatic  confrontation between  China  and the United States, as well as in trade andin  the economic  sphere and on issues of determining  the status of fr. Taiwan. The  relevance  of studying  tactical  and strategic initiative  decisions, as well as prospects within  the framework  of the international model  of cooperation – “One belt – one road” certainly  has a high level of significance, has an applied meaning  and clearly expressed socio-economic and political expediency.  It is important  that this initiative  becomes a platform for productive  and  mutually  beneficial cooperation for countries and various organizations with the achievement  of maximum synergetic effect.  This  project should  become  the  starting point for the  implementation of the strategic vector in Russia’s international  policy – «turn to the East». The  study places clear emphasis  on the promising possibility of joint implementation of this project model of international  cooperation.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72957881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Housing Construction as a Factor of Increasing the Vulnerability of Large Cities Population to Natural and Man-Made Hazards","authors":"S. Badina, R. Babkin, N. M. Skobeev","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-159-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-159-176","url":null,"abstract":"The  evolutionary  socio-economic  development  of cities can be greatly accelerated  under the stimulating  effect of housing,  commercial  or infrastructure  construction  projects that change  the  structural  and  functional  organization  of  the  urban  continuum   in  a  short time. At the same time, the existing official statistical data have low spatial and temporal detail – most of the demographic  variables have  an annual  representation  in the context of  municipalities, which  does  not  allow  considering  local  transformations.   The  use  of mobile operators data  and  information  on new  housing construction  makes  it possible to identify  the  directions  of morphological  and  functional  transformation  of urban  space, linking  the  directions  and  scale of changes  with  potential  natural  and  man-made risks for the study areas.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84887781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Ensuring the Balance of Regional Budgets in The Conditions of Sanctions Pressure","authors":"S. I. Shabel’nikova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-31-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-31-45","url":null,"abstract":"Having  successfully passed the tests of the pandemic, the Russian  economy  has faced new challenges.  Unprecedented   sanctions  have  been  imposed  on  our  country  by  unfriendly States.  They  affected  the Bank  of Russia  and  are related  to the management  of reserves and  assets,  as a result of which  more than  half are blocked.  A number  of Russian  banks have disconnected  from the SWIFT payment  system and restricted cross-border transfers. Against the background  of such a difficult geopolitical situation, the regional economy  and the budget system were under  serious threat.  However, the «pandemic»  experience  gained allowed the Government of the Russian Federation, the Parliament, and regional management teams not to react slowly to the events taking place and take the necessary steps to contain external sanctions pressure. Priority actions were aimed at stabilizing the situation in financial markets, tax  incentives  and  reducing  regulatory restrictions, import support, speeding up budget  procedures  and  the  use of funds  from  state-owned  companies, support for SMEs and  system-forming  enterprises. The  rights of the Government  of the Russian  Federation have  been expanded  and  the opportunity  has been given to direct the funds  of the NWF for the purchase of Russian  government securities and shares of Russian  issuers, to identify specific investment  projects in the tourism industry. In addition, legislative norms have been adopted  that allow  regions to respond quickly  to changes in the geopolitical situation  and the economic situation and reduce the impact of negative factors on the budget system. This article examines  the issues of the state of regional budgets in modern  conditions, analyzes the state measures  taken  to preserve the stability  of the budget system, and  also suggests mechanisms  aimed  at further  strengthening  and  stabilizing  the situation  in the regions to ensure the balance  of regional budgets.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75109728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Inequality of the Subjects of the Russian Federation and the Problems of Ensuring the Unity of the Legal Space","authors":"I. S. Andreеchev","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-5-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-5-30","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneously with  the evolution  of the modern  Russian  state, federal  relations are also developing.  Since  2000, one of the priorities of state development  has been to ensure the unity  of the Russian  state. This  task was realized  through the formation  of a unified  legal system, ensuring the unity  of the system of public authority, the unity  of the status of the individual  throughout the state, the sovereignty and state integrity of the Russian Federation, the supremacy  of the Constitution  of Russia  and  federal  laws  throughout  its territory, the unity  of the  economic  space.  The  concept  of «unity  of legal space» has  steadily  entered the constitutional  and legal matter, the study of which  is devoted to quite a few theoretical studies.  No  less than  practical studies reflecting the results of the ongoing work  to ensure the unity  of the legal space in Russia.  It is impossible to carry out such a policy without ensuring genuine  legal equality  of the regions that  make  up the Russian  Federation.  The diverse and  numerous  composition of the subjects of the Russian  Federation, the diversity of their interests, factors of law-making and law enforcement  practice have given rise to a multidimensional phenomenon  consisting in the presence of different  rights (opportunities) of the subjects of the Russian  Federation  implemented  in the field of law-making (in  the presence of uniformly  established  their subjects of competence  and  powers), to which  the federal center reacts differently.  The existence of such a practice indicates a violation of the principle of equality of the subjects of the Russian  Federation among themselves  (Part 1 of art. 5 of the Constitution  of Russia)  and in relations with  federal state authorities  (Part 5 of Article 5 of the Constitution  of Russia).  Such  a view (approach)  in research on the legal equality of the subjects of the Russian  Federation and ensuring the unity of the legal space is innovative.  The  article reveals the depth of differences, the reasons and  motives for the occurrence  of such  examples, and  also suggests a  mechanism  for their  settlement, using numerous  practical examples, including based on the author’s experience.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79205430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priorities and Mechanisms of Agricultural Development in Russia and Its Regions in The New Reality","authors":"A. Petrikov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-122-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-122-142","url":null,"abstract":"In the  new  geopolitical reality, the  problem  of ensuring  food  security  has  become  more acute both in the whole  world and in Russia.  The  Government  of the Russian  Federation has taken  a number  of short-term measures  to stimulate  agriculture and stabilize the food market.  However, there  are  a  number  of risks  and  threats  to the  agrarian  economy  in the medium  and  long term (insufficient  level of development  of the I sphere of the agroindustrial  complex, which  supplies agriculture with  means of production and material  and technical resources; dependence on imported technologies; unbalanced  institutional structure of agriculture; weak  diversification  of the rural economy  and  lagging social sphere of the village). The article analyzes these risks and threats on the basis of international and domestic statistics, including  the specifics of their manifestation  in the context  of the subjects of the Russian  Federation.  The  directions of agrarian policy are considered  in order to mitigate the mentioned  threats, including  measures  for the development  of agricultural science and commercialization of its results, stimulation of small business in the agro-industrial complex and agricultural cooperation, sustainable  development  of rural areas.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90382128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}