Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Control Classification of Asthma in Children: Ensuring Compliance","authors":"Pallavi Wadhawan","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3206","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Asthma is classified primarily based on the level of control rather than the severity of the underlying illness process, as per the new GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guideline.\u0000\u0000Objective:\u0000\u0000To study the control classification in children visiting Asthma Clinic\u0000To correlate the control classification with disease progression\u0000Material and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from January 2013 to December 2021. The revised GINA guidelines were used to diagnose 50 patients aged 7 to 15 with bronchial Asthma for this study. Patients’ medical histories and PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) outcomes were noted in a pre-designed form. They were enrolled on their first visit and followed up periodically with a three-monthly interval each.\u0000\u0000Results: GINA guideline’s control classification aided in analysis of the significant differences in the distribution of progression (χ2 = 34.195, p = <0.001). There were 29 (58.0 %) patients who were well-controlled, 21 (42.0%) not well controlled with no patients in the poorly controlled category.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Optimizing control in asthmatic children would entail diligent counselling, adherence to therapy and strict compliance.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"17 40","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132546832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Fatal Disseminated Ascariasis: Clinico-Diagnostic Dilemma","authors":"Duggal D Shalini","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3204","url":null,"abstract":"Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common soil transmitted helminth in India. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Ascariasis (HPA) is relatively an uncommon complication. We present a case of fatal HPA with genitourinary involvement. Morbidity and mortality can be minimized by keeping in mind the importance of basic investigations which can lead to a definite diagnosis in such cases for instituting timely treatment.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114767357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Oral Human Grade Ivermectin with Supplements Known as Immunomodulators for Treating Patients with COVID-19 Infections at Home","authors":"Godofreda Vergeire-Dalmacion","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several meta-analyses have shown low to moderate certainty for Ivermectin (IVM) to reduce all-cause mortality from COVID -19 infection by 68% and to prevent infection by about 86%.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The aim of our study is to determine the effects of oral IVM for treating mild to moderate COVID infections and the effects of demography, symptomatology, co-morbidities, IVM dose and combination or single immunomodulating supplements on clinical recovery\u0000\u0000Method: A cross-sectional design covering the period of April 2021 to June 2021 was used. The participants were clinicians in Metro Manila who prescribed IVM for home care treatment of their COVID-19 patients.\u0000\u0000Result: Out of 338 evaluable patients, 95.6% (323/338) showed full recovery at the end of the study, 0.59% (2/338) was still recovering, 2.36% (8/338) are long haulers and 1.47% (5/338) succumbed to the infection. Mild cases received IVM at 0.2 to 0.8 mg/kg body weight (kgbw) and 1.0 to 1.8 mg /kgbw for moderate cases for 5-7 days. The p-values of 0.022 for gender and 0.000 for co-morbidity showed that these factors can significantly affect the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Shortness of breath (p-value of 0.000), muscle pain (p-value =.002) and headache (p-value=0.011) have significant effects on recovery. Among the co-morbidities, hypertension (p-value=0.000), diabetes (p-value=.006), cardiovascular diseases (p-value=0.001) and obesity (p-value=0.014) have statistical significant effects on clinical outcomes. Using Kruskal Wallis H statistics, the intake of combination immunomodulators has significant effect on the recovery of COVID-19 patients (p-value of 0.027). Using Mann-Whitney statistics, Zinc alone showed statistically significant effect (p-value of 0.002) for recovering from COVID.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: IVM is effective for COVID infections provided it is given early and the dose is adjusted for severity and co-morbidities. The graduated dose regimen of IVM and the predilection of the virus to mutate will become a challenge for designing future randomized clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133279922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Etiology in Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in North Indian Children","authors":"A. Aggarwal","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3203","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) leads to significant mortality and morbidity in children. This study was undertaken to identify the viral causes of AES and its correlation with clinicodemographic profile.\u0000\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 children aged 1 to 12 years presenting with fever of <14 days duration and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures) [1]. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) was collected aseptically by lumbar puncture for biochemical and cytological analysis, and for bacteriological culture. Multiplex PCR for the viruses HSV1, HSV2, Varicella zoster virus, Enterovirus, Mumps and Parecho virus was carried out. Serology for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) was done in blood and CSF by ELISA method. Dengue NS1 antigen and IgM ELISA was carried out in both blood and CSF samples. Serum IgM antibody for scrub typhus was done by ELISA method.\u0000\u0000Results: Out of 100 children viral cause was detected in 21 patients (Japanese encephalitis -16, Dengue – 4, Varicella zoster virus, Enterovirus and Mumps virus – 1 each). Serum IgM ELISA for scrub typhus was positive in 6 patients. Multiple viral etiology was seen in 2 patients. Mortality was significantly more in females (p=0.021), GCS <8 (p <0.001). Mortality was significantly more with higher CSF neutrophils and higher proteins (p<0.05).\u0000\u0000Interpretation and Conclusion: This study concludes that viral causes specially JE contributed in AES in North India. Hence viral pathogens including JE needs to be considered as one of major causative agents while treating patients of AES and further emphasis has to be given for JE vaccination in this region.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132866167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapidly Progressive Case of Skin and Soft Tissues Necrosis in a COVID-19 Positive Patient","authors":"S. Persechino","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3202","url":null,"abstract":"Sars-Cov2 infection can result in numerous and varied skin manifestations including vasculopathy, bullous lesions and rarely necrotic lesions. At present, the aetiopathogenetic mechanism is still unclear. We report a case of a 68-year-old patient with acute onset of bullous and necrotic lesions with rapid progression to osteomyelitis, suffering from mild Sars-Cov2 infection.\u0000=","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129371278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multilayer Immune-Inflammatory Genetic Biomarkers in IRF5 Pathway as Contributors in Patient’s Outcome with COVID-19","authors":"Cleber Machado-Souza","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is a disease produced by a viral infection peculiar to the SARS-CoV-2 and which produces an intense inflammatory response after the infectious process with participation of immune pathways, like IRF5, that could enhance post-infection actions. Thus, understanding the aspects of pathophysiological pathways for IRF5 involved in immunoinflammatory responses is essential to search for biomarkers that can help to identify early patients who would have the worst outcome.\u0000\u0000Methods and Findings: A comparative study between two groups of patients with cases of COVID-19 divided considering the number of days on which the patient had manifestations that led him to hospitalization (7 days). Blood samples were collected to evaluate IL-6 and DNA. Polymorphisms in IRF5 pathways genes (TLR7, IRF5, IL6, IFNA, IFNB1, IFNG) were genotyping by TaqMan® assay using Real-Time PCR (Applied Biosystems). The rs2069849 showed the G allele more frequently in a group that present less than seven days of symptoms, and the same SNP was correlated with highest serum levels of IL-6.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: Our results suggest that IL6 gene polymorphism, involved in the IRF5 pathway, can be associated with the worst patient’s outcome in COVID-19. The rs2069849 in the IL6 gene have been linked and could, in the future, be used as biomarker.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126554247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 epidemics monitored through the logarithmic growth rate and SIR model","authors":"T. Konishi","doi":"10.1101/2021.09.13.21263483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.13.21263483","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The SIR model is often used to analyse and forecast the expansion of an epidemic. In this model, the number of patients exponentially increases and decreases, resulting in two phases. Therefore, in these phases, the logarithm of infectious patients changes at a constant rate, the logarithmic growth rate K. However, in the case of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) epidemic, K never remains constant but increases and decreases linearly; therefore, the SIR model does not fit that seen in reality. We would like to clarify the cause of this phenomenon and predict the occurrence of COVID19 epidemics. Methods: We simulated a situation in which smaller epidemics were repeated with short time intervals. The results were compared with the epidemic data from 279 countries and regions. Results: In the simulations, the K values increased and decreased linearly, similar to the real data. Because the previous peak covered the initial increase in the epidemic, K did not increase as much as expected; rather, the difference in the basic reproduction number R0 appeared in the slope of increasing K. Additionally, the mean infectious time {tau} appeared in the negative peaks of K. By using the R0 and {tau} estimated from the changes in K, changes in the number of patients could be approximated using the SIR model. This supports the appropriateness of the model for evaluating COVID-19 epidemics. By using the model, the distributions of the parameters were identified. On average, an epidemic started every eleven days in a country. The worldwide mean R0 was 2.9; however, this value showed an exponential character and could thus increase explosively. In addition, the average {tau} was 12 days; this is not the native value but represents a shortened period because of the isolation of patients. As {tau} represents the half-life, the infectious time varies among patients; hence, prior testing should be performed before isolation is lifted. The changes in K represented the state of epidemics and were several weeks to a month ahead of the changes in the number of confirmed cases. In the actual data, when K was positive on consecutive days, the number of patients increased a few weeks later. In addition, if the negative peaks of K could not be reduced to as small as 0.1, the number of patients remained high. Thus, the number of K-positive days and mean infectious time had a clear correlation with the total number of patients. In such cases, mortality, which was lognormally distributed, with a mean of 1.7%, increased. To control the epidemic, it is important to observe K daily, not to allow K to remain positive continuously, and to terminate a peak with a series of K-negative days. To do this, it was necessary to shorten {tau} by finding and isolating a patient earlier. The effectiveness of the countermeasures is apparent in {tau}. The effect of vaccination, in terms of controlling the epidemic, was limited.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129250318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Gene Expression of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated in a Military Hospital of Vietnam","authors":"Hieu Duc Nguyen, Van Thi Thu Ha, T. B. Nguyễn, Duc Minh Nguyen, Cuong Hoang, M. Nghiem, S. Nguyen, Thuy Thi Bich Vo","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3103","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital-acquired infection is one of the main causes for prolong treatment and risk of death. In this study, nine multidrug resistant strains were isolated from patient’s samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to confirm the strong resistance of nine strains with β-lactam, carbapenem and colistin. The expression of resistance genes was examined using reverse transcription PCR to identify 14 genes associated with drug resistance and the genotype matched the phenotype. Two carbapenem resistance genes (blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2) and one colistin resistance gene (mcr-1.1) were found in this study, indicating a likely shared origin of these resistance genes and the need of understanding the processes of drug resistance development, transmission and spread.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130598408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes of the Extensively Drug Resistant Clinical Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates in Vietnam","authors":"Van Thi Thu Ha, Hieu Duc Nguyen, M. Nghiem, S. Nguyen, T. B. Nguyễn, Duc Minh Nguyen, Cuong Hoang, Thuy Thi Bich Vo","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3101","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The over using of antibiotics in hospitals, communities and agriculture has raised drug resistance in Vietnam. Objective: The study was to identify the multi antimicrobial resistance gene expression associated with extensively drug resistance phenotype in Klebsiella pneumonia (K.pneumoniae) isolated from clinical samples in the Military Hospital 103 in Vietnam. Material and Method: Seventeen extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains were identified and measured antibiotic susceptibility by using Vitek 2 Compact System. Genes related to the antimicrobial resistant were screened using in-house multiplex PCR at Vietnam Institute of Genome Research. Results: K.pneumoniae showed resistance to almost fifteen antibiotics with very high rates of over 70%, only sensitive to colistin 100%. There is a correlation between carpabenem resistance and XDR status in the K.pnemoniae group. Most of the K.pneumoniae isolates harbored the widely distributed ESBL gene groups. All the isolates carried more than 3","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121548386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of E-cigarette on Periodontal Health: Microbiology Aspect, Immunology Aspect and Cell's Consequences","authors":"Hamada Mourad","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3102","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The E-cigarette has enjoyed a great popularity but no standard is yet known for the liquid’s composition and combustion system. Actually, the effect of conventional tobacco on oral health is well studied; however, the effect of E-cigarette on oral health is not studied enough The aim of this literature review is to determine the effect of E-cigarette on periodontal. Material and methods: 23 articles are selected on PubMed, Cochrane and Google scholar data base. This literature review use in-vitro and vivo study with globally the same protocol of smoke exposition. Article older than ten years are excluded. Result: The E-cigarette is able to decrease the bacterial diversity and realize a selection pressure favorable for perio-agressive bacteria's. In addition, the E-cigarette is able to increase the invasion of perio-agressive bacteria's. In another way, the E-cigarette is able to place the periodontal in a pro-inflammatory condition with different way activation. The E-cigarette generates a decrease of fibroblast activity, growth and mobility. The same result is finding on bone cells and epithelial cells.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121694594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}