The Effect of E-cigarette on Periodontal Health: Microbiology Aspect, Immunology Aspect and Cell's Consequences

Abstract

Introduction: The E-cigarette has enjoyed a great popularity but no standard is yet known for the liquid’s composition and combustion system. Actually, the effect of conventional tobacco on oral health is well studied; however, the effect of E-cigarette on oral health is not studied enough The aim of this literature review is to determine the effect of E-cigarette on periodontal. Material and methods: 23 articles are selected on PubMed, Cochrane and Google scholar data base. This literature review use in-vitro and vivo study with globally the same protocol of smoke exposition. Article older than ten years are excluded. Result: The E-cigarette is able to decrease the bacterial diversity and realize a selection pressure favorable for perio-agressive bacteria's. In addition, the E-cigarette is able to increase the invasion of perio-agressive bacteria's. In another way, the E-cigarette is able to place the periodontal in a pro-inflammatory condition with different way activation. The E-cigarette generates a decrease of fibroblast activity, growth and mobility. The same result is finding on bone cells and epithelial cells.