Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The Bacterial Causes Urinary Tract Infection among Hemodialysis Patients in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"Husham M Taha Aloob","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5207","url":null,"abstract":"Renal failure is inability of the kidneys to perform excretory function leading to retention of nitrogenous waste products from the blood. hemodialysis is a procedure that is a substitute for many of the normal duties of the kidneys. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in dialysis patients, associated with increased rate of complications and may be difficult to diagnose due to often subclinical presentation. A hospital cross-sectional based study includes 103 Hemodialysis Patients clinically suspected cases of urinary tract infections attended different hospital in Khartoum. Midstream urine samples were collected and pure isolates of pathogenic microorganisms were characterized by colony morphology, gram-stain and standard biochemical procedures. A standard method of agar disc diffusion susceptibility testing method was used to determine susceptibility patterns of the isolates. The most common pathogens isolated were E. coli (16), S. saprophyticus (8), S. aureus (7), Klebsiella species (4), E. faecales(3), P. vulgaris (2) and S. pyogens(2).","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis C Virus E1 Protein Enhances Macrophage iNOS Expression In-vitro","authors":"E. Lkhagvasuren","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5206","url":null,"abstract":"Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a key cytokine in the adaptive immune response that is primarily secreted from CD4+ T helper cells to induce Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cell response against HCV infection. IFN-γ activates macrophages in the liver resulting in inhibition of viral replication and increased NO production. HCV-infected macrophages are major producers of NO in the liver. It is not completely understood how HCV proteins affect iNOS expression and what the role of IFN-γ is in HCV protein expression in HCV-infected macrophages.\u0000\u0000Objective: Evaluate hepatitis C virus proteins’ regulation of IFN-γ-activated macrophage cell line.\u0000\u0000Methods: RAW-264.7 cells were seeded in 6 well-plates and transfected with HCV protein expressing plasmids using lipofectamine. After treating with IFN-γ, we determined the iNOS and HCV core, NS5A and E1 protein expression with immunoblotting.\u0000\u0000Results: Consistent with other studies, HCV core and NS5A proteins induced iNOS expression in macrophages. Moreover, HCV E1 protein-enhanced iNOS expression is highest in the presence and absence of IFN-γ activation.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: These results indicate that hepatitis C virus core, NS5A, E1 protein regulates iNOS protein expression in IFN-γ-activated and resting macrophage cell lines. These findings point to a future research direction for understanding the pathogenesis of HCV-related liver inflammation.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leucocytes and CD4 Counts of Petrol Attendants in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"Babatope Io","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5205","url":null,"abstract":"White Blood Cells (WBCs), also called leucocytes or leukocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious diseases and foreign invaders. The overall aim of this study is to determine the leucocytes and CD4 counts of Petrol attendants in Ekpoma, Edo State. A total of fifty (50) petrol attendants aged 18-60years were recruited for this study while fifty (50) apparently healthy subjects served as control. The leucocyte counts were performed using Sysmex haematology autoanalyzer while the CD4 count was carried out using flow cytometry. The mean values of WBC total count of the control and test subjects were 5.57±1.82 and 5.60±1.2 respectively. However, statistical comparison did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups. With respect to differential leucocytes count, the mean values of the neutrophils (%) of the control and test subjects were 38.70±8.97 and 41.05±8.71 respectively. Similarly, statistical comparison did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05). Furthermore, the mean values of the lymphocytes (%) of the control and test subjects were 50.81±8.94 and 48.19±8.83 respectively. Also, the statistical comparison between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, the MXD (%) values of the control and test subjects were 10.09±3.50 and 10.74±4.48 respectively. There was also no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean values of the MXD (%) of both subjects. In addition, the mean values of CD4 count of the test subjects was higher than the control, this did not reveal any statistically significant difference (P>0.05). From our findings, there was no statistically significant difference in total leucocyte and CD4 counts of petrol attendants compared to control. However, the MXD (%) of the male subjects was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to their female counterparts. Further studies that will capture subjects that have been exposed to petroleum fumes for a longer period of time is hereby recommended.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Cells Quantitative Abnormalities Associated with Symptomatic COVID-19","authors":"Neelam Pandey","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5204","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 spread to countries around the world. It is essential to set up suspected biomarkers for rapid management of the disease. This study aimed to determine quantitative abnormalities of peripheral blood immune cells associated with COVID-19 and establish those associated with the severity of COVID-19 in Togo. In a retrospective analytical study from May to September 2022; 851 symptomatic and 194 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients medical records were recovered. Their complete blood count data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Symptomatic COVID-19 patients had low and high platelets count, high white blood count, high neutrophils, low and high lymphocytes count and high eosinophils count compared to asymptomatic ones (p < 0.0001). Complete blood count anomalies as low platelets count [OR = 2.75; 95% CI (1.55-4.88)] or high platelets count [OR = 3.12; 95% CI (1.23-7.91)], high neutrophils count [OR = 9.91; 95% CI (4.81-20.45)] and low lymphocytes count [OR = 3.83; 95% CI (2.20-6.65)] were associated with COVID-19 severity. Low or high platelets count, high neutrophils count, low lymphocytes were associated with severe COVID-19. It is important to consider immune cells profile for the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 patients in Togo.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"54 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Ancient and Modern Acupuncture Heal - Possible Replacement of Acupuncture with New Quantum Technologies","authors":"Maria Kuman","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5202","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about how acupuncture heals. It all started 40 years ago, at the 8th World Congress on Acupuncture in 1983, where I reported nonlinear mathematical model of one acupuncture meridian. The nonlinear model predicted that beside the measured electric impulse, wave should propagate from the treated acupuncture point along the acupuncture meridian. The waves were found a year later and they were found to modify constantly running waves along the acupuncture meridians. Why do all living beings have constantly running waves along the acupuncture meridians? -downward on the back and upward in front. These are the waves of the weak Nonlinear Electromagnetic Field (NEMF) of all living beings, which being nonlinear, can imprint information. The waves (running downward on the back) scan the new environment and the waves running upward in front of the body bring the information about the new environment to the body, telling it how to change to adapt to the new environment. If the required changes to adapt are too big, the living beings evolve to new species. First, the NEMF is modified to adapt the new environment and only if the environment stays the same for a long time, the changed NEMF lead to changed DNA and new species develop with a new DNA. The weak informational NEMF rules and regulates everything in the body, not with its strength but with the information it carries and when this NEMF is out of balance, we restore the balance with acupuncture treatments generating waves. However, we can restore the balance (heal) with waves produced by our new quantum technologies instead of acupuncture needles.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"12 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatics Design of Multi-Epitope Peptide-Based Vaccine Against Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) Targeting Thymidine Kinase Proteins","authors":"Mohammad Habibur Rahman Molla","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5106","url":null,"abstract":"The common carp Cyprinus carpio is a freshwater teleost and is among the most economically significant fishes in aquaculture throughout the world. Taxonomically, C. carpio are a complex of species including subspecies Cyprinus carpio carpio. C. carpio are now threatened by Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3), the causative agent of Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD), which causes severe morbidity and mortality in ornamental koi and common carp and can infect or be transmitted by other species. Despite these devastating circumstances, effective vaccinations or other medications for the control of KHVD are not readily available. For this reason, the aim of the current study was to formulate a multi-epitope vaccine against Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) using an immunoinformatics approach. To assess the immunodominant T- and B-cell epitopes, the CyHV-3 proteomes were employed. Following a thorough evaluation, we constructed a strategy for vaccination employing four possible epitopes selected from among each of the three relevant epitope groups: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, helper T-lymphocyte and linear B-lymphocyte. Important qualities used in the evaluation of the resultant vaccine are that it will be highly soluble, antigenic, immunogenic and non-allergenic. Among acceptable physicochemical qualities, the anticipated structure of the vaccine bears a close resemblance to that of the original protein. Additional considerations include a robust and sustained predicted binding between the vaccine and the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR9). Simulations of molecular dynamics confirm the likelihood of a strong binding stability and structural tightness. Moreover, the computer-generated immunological simulation revealed that the vaccine, when administered to fish, should induce immune responses comparable to those in real life. Finally, codon optimization based on Escherichia coli K12 produced favorable indications of GC content and acceptably high CAI value, as applicable to the cloning vector pET28+ (a). Overall, these results show that the proposed peptide vaccine is a promising option for CyHV-3 prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains Resistant to Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Second-Line Antibiotics in Chad","authors":"N. Bessimbaye","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5108","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring drug resistance and identifying the genetic basis of resistance to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs provides important information to optimize patient care.\u0000\u0000The present study was an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study aimed at determining the prevalence of resistance genes to rifampicin, isoniazid and resistant and multi-resistant genes with mutations associated with second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (Levofloxacin Amikacin, Kanamycin and Capreomycin) among strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in nine hospitals in four provinces of Chad with three new molecular techniques.\u0000\u0000The TB-LAMP molecular technique made it possible to detect 264 (25.14%) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among 1050 people referred for tuberculosis research, including 37 cases in relapse and 237 new cases under treatment or not without clinical improvement. The average age of the patients was 34.15 years with the extremes ranging from 12 to 77 years. The sex ratio was 3.33 in favor of men. The GeneXpert made it possible to confirm the 264 positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB+) of which 76% of men and 24% of women had the MTB+ profile sensitive to rifampicin, and 80% of men and 20% of women harbored the Mycobacterium complex. rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. The determination of resistance genes including 13% (rpoB) to rifampicin, 4% (inhA) to isoniazid and 8% (rpoB/KatG and/or KatG/inhA) multi-resistant (MDR) genes was carried out using the Line Probe Assay technique. This technique also made it possible to determine resistance genes with associated mutations including 13.6% (gyrA and gyrB), 7.6% (eis), 6.1% (rrs and eis) and 10.6% being mutations affecting the different alleles on the chromosomes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.\u0000\u0000This study highlighted the emergence of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid as well as resistance with mutations associated with second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. It raises the need to implement an effective surveillance system to detect the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs in Chad and even in Central Africa.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of Immunoglobulin G Antibody Subclass Responses Specific to MSP3 and UB05 in Plasma of Malaria Negative Children Living in Two Different Agro-ecological Settings of Cameroon","authors":"Godwin W. Nchinda","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In malaria endemic areas, antibody specific to promising asexual blood stage malaria vaccine candidates have been demonstrated to play a critical role in protection during sub-clinical malaria. In this context naturally acquired protective immunity is usually driven by blood stage antigen specific IgG antibody subclass responses among which the cytophilic antibody subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 remain the most relevant. Thus, we have assessed IgG antibody subclass responses specific to Plasmodium spp. derived MSP3 and UB05 malaria vaccine candidates, in plasma of children living in areas differing in malaria transmission intensity within Cameroon.\u0000\u0000Methods: Using MSP3 and UB05 displayed upon the surface of recombinant RNA coliphage Qβ as previously described in our group, IgG antibody subclass responses specific to both immunogens were profiled in plasma from both P. falciparum (Pf) infected and uninfected malaria asymptomatic children.\u0000\u0000Results: In malaria negative children living in low transmission areas the cytophilic antibody subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 specific to UB05 were significantly higher (P<0.0001) than those specific to MSP3. In contrast IgG1 and IgG3 antibody subclass responses specific to MSP3 were instead significantly higher (P<0.0001 for IgG1; P=0.0007 for IgG3) in their counterparts living in high malaria transmission settings. In asymptomatic Pf infected children living in both areas, whereas IgG1 antibody subclass responses specific to MSP3 was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than the responses specific to UB05, IgG3 antibody subclass responses specific to UB05 was significantly higher (P<0.0001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Thus, there is a differential generation of cytophilic antibody subclasses specific (IgG1 and IgG3) to two classical asexual blood stage antigens in children living within these areas in a malaria endemic region. Whereas for Pf negative children living in low malaria transmission areas UBO5 specific IgG1 and IgG3 correlated best with naturally acquired immunity against malaria; elevated MSP3 targeted cytophilic antibodies were instead prominent in high malaria transmission areas. Thus, repeated exposure to malaria as it is the case with bimodal as against monomodal rainfall areas might be necessary for sustaining high levels of MSP3 specific cytophilic antibodies. This probably tags MSP3 as an unsuitable candidate to measure correlates of protective immunity against malaria.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic Fields (Including Microwaves) Can Lower the Immune Response and Even Change The DNA","authors":"Sanath Kumar H","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5105","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salmonella contamination of seafood is an important consumer health concern. Anthropogenic contamination of coastal-marine water is an important source of seafood contamination with Salmonella. In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of Salmonella attachment when fish is exposed to contaminated seawater and also, the effect of washing on the removal of Salmonella attached to fish surface. \u0000\u0000Methods and Findings: Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) fish was dipped in seawater artificially contaminated with 5 log CFU/ ml Salmonella Typhimurium for 30, 45 and 60 seconds and the number of bacteria present on the fish surface was quantified by surface plating. Separately, the effect of rinsing Salmonella-contaminated fish for 30, 45 and 60 seconds on the removal of Salmonella from the fish surface was investigated. The results showed attachment of bacteria in significant numbers, in the range of 3.6 – 4.16 log CFU/g, within 60 seconds of exposure to Salmonella-contaminated seawater. However, no significant reduction in the Salmonella counts was observed after 30 to 60 seconds of rinsing of fish in freshwater.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The results suggest that Salmonella Typhimurium can readily attach to the fish surface from a seawater medium and resist detachment by routine washing procedures.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium to Fish Surfaces from a Suspension in Seawater and the Effect of Subsequent Washing","authors":"Sanath H Kumar","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2024.5104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2024.5104","url":null,"abstract":"The article is about cooling (with cold water) of the lower abdomen (which is most sensitive to cold) for: relief of abdominal pain, boosting the immune system, handling hot flashes during menopause and better sleep. The article also explains how it works – it is done through the biofield seen as aura, which rules and regulates everything in the body. I found it to be Nonlinear Electromagnetic Field (NEMF), which being nonlinear is not dissipating and can imprint information. The waves of the biofield (aura) scan the new environment and bring the information to the material body telling it how to change to adapt to the new environment. If the environment is drastically new, it handles the evolution to new species. In the process of adaptation, first the biofield (aura) NEMF is changed and if the drastically new environment stays the same for a long time, it evolves into DNA changes and evolution to new species. A proof that the evolution to new species is done through the biofield is the fact that the evolution to new species is done through a quantum jump – there are no intermediate forms.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology &amp; Microbiology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}